Le Sénégalais Blaise Diagne (1872-1934), élu à la Chambre en 1914, franc-maçon depuis 1899, assimilationniste, fut nommé en janvier 1918 par Clemenceau commissaire général du recrutement indigène en ...Afrique. Dans un article paru dans Les Continents le 15 octobre 1924, on l’accuse d’avoir profité personnellement de ce poste, et cet article est attribué au Guyanais René Maran (1887-1960), né à la Martinique, prix Goncourt 1921 pour son roman Batouala , qui avait fondé le journal bimensuel avec le Dahoméen Kojo Tovalou Houénou (1887-1936), avocat et dandy. Diagne intente contre Maran un procès en diffamation qu’il gagne, signant ainsi l’arrêt de mort du journal. Des lettres inédites de Maran, dont la probité ne saurait être mise en doute, montrent que, contrairement à ce qu’on a cru jusqu’ici, il n’était pas l’auteur de l’article incriminé.
Le Sénégalais Blaise Diagne (1872-1934), élu à la Chambre en 1914, franc-maçon depuis 1899, assimilationniste, fut nommé en janvier 1918 par Clemenceau commissaire général du recrutement indigène en ...Afrique. Dans un article paru dans Les Continents le 15 octobre 1924, on l'accuse d'avoir profité personnellement de ce poste, et cet article est attribué au Guyanais René Maran (1887-1960), né à la Martinique, prix Goncourt 1921 pour son roman Batouala, qui avait fondé le journal bimensuel avec le Dahoméen Kojo Tovalou Houénou (1887-1936), avocat et dandy. Diagne intente contre Maran un procès en diffamation qu'il gagne, signant ainsi l'arrêt de mort du journal. Des lettres inédites de Maran, dont la probité ne saurait être mise en doute, montrent que, contrairement à ce qu'on a cru jusqu'ici, il n'était pas l'auteur de l'article incriminé.
Electronic aids for daily living Little, Roger
Physical medicine and rehabilitation clinics of North America,
02/2010, Letnik:
21, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Electronic aids to daily living (EADLs) are devices that facilitate the operation of electrical appliances in a given environment for a person with a severe physical disability. These specialized ...devices can provide tremendous psychological and functional benefits to someone with a severe disability, their family members and caregivers. This article provides an overview of the utility, functionality, access, acquisition, and evaluation of EADLs. It also highlights challenges in obtaining and measuring the benefits of these devices.
Long-lived postmitotic cells, such as most human neurons, must respond effectively to ongoing changes in neuronal stimulation or microenvironmental cues through transcriptional and epigenomic ...regulation of gene expression. The role of epigenomic regulation in neuronal function is of fundamental interest to the neuroscience community, as these types of studies have transformed our understanding of gene regulation in postmitotic cells. This perspective article highlights many of the resources available to researchers interested in neuroepigenomic investigations and discusses some of the current obstacles and opportunities in neuroepigenomics.
While conventional nutrition research has yielded biomarkers such as doubly labeled water for energy metabolism and 24-h urinary nitrogen for protein intake, a critical need exists for additional, ...equally robust biomarkers that allow for objective assessment of specific food intake and dietary exposure. Recent advances in high-throughput MS combined with improved metabolomics techniques and bioinformatic tools provide new opportunities for dietary biomarker development. In September 2018, the NIH organized a 2-d workshop to engage nutrition and omics researchers and explore the potential of multiomics approaches in nutritional biomarker research. The current Perspective summarizes key gaps and challenges identified, as well as the recommendations from the workshop that could serve as a guide for scientists interested in dietary biomarkers research. Topics addressed included study designs for biomarker development, analytical and bioinformatic considerations, and integration of dietary biomarkers with other omics techniques. Several clear needs were identified, including larger controlled feeding studies, testing a variety of foods and dietary patterns across diverse populations, improved reporting standards to support study replication, more chemical standards covering a broader range of food constituents and human metabolites, standardized approaches for biomarker validation, comprehensive and accessible food composition databases, a common ontology for dietary biomarker literature, and methodologic work on statistical procedures for intake biomarker discovery. Multidisciplinary research teams with appropriate expertise are critical to moving forward the field of dietary biomarkers and producing robust, reproducible biomarkers that can be used in public health and clinical research.
The National Institutes of Health (NIH) NeuroBioBank is a federally funded research resource for human neurologic diseases and disorders. This chapter will discuss the principles that guided the ...creation of the NIH NeuroBioBank and the rationale for the resource model selected. In addition, we will describe some performance metrics in the first 2 years and highlight recent advances in biomedical neuroscience that could only have been achieved using postmortem human tissues. The NIH NeuroBioBank was created in order to increase availability of high-quality postmortem human brain tissues to the research community across a broad spectrum of neurologic diseases and disorders, and to achieve economies of scale over previous funding and organizational models. In addition, we aim to increase public awareness about the value of human tissue donation for research by providing web-based information to the public and through active outreach to disease advocacy communities. Studies with human brain tissue have led to a rapid increase in our knowledge of the biologic differences between humans and are bridging the divide between humans and model organisms. Studies of human brain are beginning to give us a glimpse not only into what makes us uniquely human as well as how individual biology may be connected to health and disease.
Normal human tissues, bodily fluids, and other biospecimens of known quality are essential for research to understand the development of cancer and other diseases and to develop new diagnostics and ...therapies. However, obtaining normal biospecimens appropriate for contemporary large-scale molecular and genomic research is one of the most challenging biospecimen acquisition problems for scientists and biospecimen resources that support research. Recognizing this challenge, the U.S. National Cancer Institute recently convened a series of workshops and meetings focused on the acquisition of normal tissues for research and produced an extensive document, Recommendations for Postmortem Recovery of Normal Human Biospecimens for Research. This article summarizes these recommendations, addressing key ethical, operational, and scientific elements for collecting normal reference biospecimens from postmortem donors in the U.S. Awareness of these recommendations can foster more effective collaborations and mitigate potential logistical challenges, while promoting postmortem biospecimen donation options for families and increasing the availability of high quality normal biospecimens for research. The recommendations have been put into practice in the collection of normal human biospecimens for the NIH Genotype-Tissue Expression Program (GTEx), a pilot study of human gene expression and regulation in multiple tissues which will provide valuable insights into the mechanisms of gene regulation and, in the future, its disease-related perturbations (http://commonfund.nih.gov/GTEx/).
Accurate prediction of the functional effect of genetic variation is critical for clinical genome interpretation. We systematically characterized the transcriptome effects of protein-truncating ...variants, a class of variants expected to have profound effects on gene function, using data from the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) and Geuvadis projects. We quantitated tissue-specific and positional effects on nonsense-mediated transcript decay and present an improved predictive model for this decay. We directly measured the effect of variants both proximal and distal to splice junctions. Furthermore, we found that robustness to heterozygous gene inactivation is not due to dosage compensation. Our results illustrate the value of transcriptome data in the functional interpretation of genetic variants.
The active debate about the return of incidental or secondary findings in research has primarily focused on return to research participants, or in some cases, family members. Particular attention has ...been paid to return of genomic findings. Yet, research may generate other types of findings that warrant consideration for return, including findings related to the pathology of donated biospecimens. In the case of deceased biospecimen donors who are also organ and/or tissue transplant donors, pathology incidental findings may be relevant not to family members, but to potential organ or tissue transplant recipients. This paper will describe the ethical implications of pathology incidental findings in the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project, the process for developing a consensus approach as to if/when such findings should be returned, possible implications for other research projects collecting postmortem tissues and how the scenario encountered in GTEx fits into the larger return of results/incidental findings debate.
PDF
