The NIH Human Microbiome Project Peterson, Jane; Garges, Susan; Giovanni, Maria ...
Genome research,
12/2009, Letnik:
19, Številka:
12
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The Human Microbiome Project (HMP), funded as an initiative of the NIH Roadmap for Biomedical Research (http://nihroadmap.nih.gov), is a multi-component community resource. The goals of the HMP are: ...(1) to take advantage of new, high-throughput technologies to characterize the human microbiome more fully by studying samples from multiple body sites from each of at least 250 "normal" volunteers; (2) to determine whether there are associations between changes in the microbiome and health/disease by studying several different medical conditions; and (3) to provide both a standardized data resource and new technological approaches to enable such studies to be undertaken broadly in the scientific community. The ethical, legal, and social implications of such research are being systematically studied as well. The ultimate objective of the HMP is to demonstrate that there are opportunities to improve human health through monitoring or manipulation of the human microbiome. The history and implementation of this new program are described here.
The Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project, sponsored by the NIH Common Fund, was established to study the correlation between human genetic variation and tissue-specific gene expression in ...non-diseased individuals. A significant challenge was the collection of high-quality biospecimens for extensive genomic analyses. Here we describe how a successful infrastructure for biospecimen procurement was developed and implemented by multiple research partners to support the prospective collection, annotation, and distribution of blood, tissues, and cell lines for the GTEx project. Other research projects can follow this model and form beneficial partnerships with rapid autopsy and organ procurement organizations to collect high quality biospecimens and associated clinical data for genomic studies. Biospecimens, clinical and genomic data, and Standard Operating Procedures guiding biospecimen collection for the GTEx project are available to the research community.
Identifying the earnings penalty associated with being a tied mover has focused on the working wives of servicemen. However, the number of women serving in the armed forces now makes it feasible to ...study the earnings losses of a group of tied-mover males, the husbands of servicewomen. Using data from the 2000 U.S. Census, the authors identified a sample of such men and compare their earnings to civilian husbands of working civilian wives to extend and generalize on tied-mover earnings effects. Multivariate analysis accounting for selection bias and controlling for migration, demographic, household, and labor market characteristics shows that military husbands earn about 70 percent of civilian husbands, whereas military wives earned about 50 percent of civilian wives. Since different estimation procedures provide comparable outcomes regardless of gender, these results reveal a detrimental earnings effect for military husbands similar to earlier estimates for military wives.
Aging is one of the most important biological processes and is a known risk factor for many age-related diseases in human. Studying age-related transcriptomic changes in tissues across the whole body ...can provide valuable information for a holistic understanding of this fundamental process. In this work, we catalogue age-related gene expression changes in nine tissues from nearly two hundred individuals collected by the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project. In general, we find the aging gene expression signatures are very tissue specific. However, enrichment for some well-known aging components such as mitochondria biology is observed in many tissues. Different levels of cross-tissue synchronization of age-related gene expression changes are observed, and some essential tissues (e.g., heart and lung) show much stronger "co-aging" than other tissues based on a principal component analysis. The aging gene signatures and complex disease genes show a complex overlapping pattern and only in some cases, we see that they are significantly overlapped in the tissues affected by the corresponding diseases. In summary, our analyses provide novel insights to the co-regulation of age-related gene expression in multiple tissues; it also presents a tissue-specific view of the link between aging and age-related diseases.
Le titre du "Journal sans date" de René Maran, publié en 1927, devenu "Un homme pareil aux autres" dans sa version définitive de 1947, s’est avéré particulièrement instable. Ce n’est pas un texte qui ...a beaucoup retenu l’attention des critiques, malgré son intérêt pour ceux, d’une part, qui se penchent sur l’autobiographie intime de l’auteur suite au succès de Batouala et pour ceux, d’autre part, qui s’attachent à l’analyse sociologique ou littéraire des relations et mariages interraciaux – mixtes comme on dit maintenant, sans préciser de quel mélange il s’agit. Outre les deux titres qu’on lui connaît, le roman s’est vu attribuer plusieurs titres de travail provisoires.
Open science initiatives are creating opportunities to increase research coordination and impact in nonhuman primate (NHP) imaging. The PRIMatE Data and Resource Exchange community recently developed ...a collaboration-based strategic plan to advance NHP imaging as an integrative approach for multiscale neuroscience.
Building on opportunities in open science, the PRIME-DRE non-human primate neuroimaging community at a Global Collaboration Workshop generated a collaboration-based strategic plan presented in this meeting report that is broadly cross-species and data integrative to guide neuroscientific innovation and discovery.
The data release of Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development
®
(ABCD) Study represents an extensive resource for investigating factors relating to child development and mental wellbeing. The genotype ...data of ABCD has been used extensively in the context of genetic analysis, including genome-wide association studies and polygenic score predictions. However, there are unique opportunities provided by ABCD genetic data that have not yet been fully tapped. The diverse genomic variability, the enriched relatedness among ABCD subsets, and the longitudinal design of the ABCD challenge researchers to perform novel analyses to gain deeper insight into human brain development. Genetic instruments derived from the ABCD genetic data, such as genetic principal components, can help to better control confounds beyond the context of genetic analyses. To facilitate the use genomic information in the ABCD for inference, we here detail the processing procedures, quality controls, general characteristics, and the corresponding resources in the ABCD genotype data of release 4.0.
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