The study explores the problems of managing the family contacts of children in residential care. It focuses on the family links experienced by two children undergoing a two month long period of ...observation and assessment. It is seen that the family links of these children take a low priority, particularly as social work plans change and the informal world of the institution becomes pervasive. The outcomes of the two cases are charted.
The hypothesis that suppression of transient lower oesophageal sphincter relaxation (TLOSR) in recumbent postures in the dog is dependent upon the sensing of a gastric pool of liquid in proximity to ...the lower oesophageal sphincter was examined. Constant gastric insufflation with air (80 ml/min) was used to evoke TLOSR in unsedated, fasting animals. Oesophageal motility was monitored with a perfused manometric sleeve catheter assembly. Gastrooesophageal flow was recognized manometrically and by oesophageal pH recording. TLOSR occurred significantly less frequently in three recumbent positions (right lateral, left lateral and supine) than when the dog stood on four legs, but was more likely to be associated with acid reflux when they occurred in recumbent positions. Aspiration of the gastric pool was found to have no effect on triggering of TLOSR although it reduced the frequency with which acid reflux was associated with TLOSR. It is concluded that the low rate of occurrence of TLOSR in recumbent positions is unlikely to be explained by the presence of a gastric pool of liquid in proximity to the lower oesophageal sphincter.
The UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGT) involved in glucuronidation of endogenous and exogenous toxic compounds transfer the glucuronic acid residue from UDP-glucuronic acid (UDP-GlcUA), to various ...acceptor groups. A series of compounds that contain N-acyl phenylaminoalcohol derivatives linked to uridine or isopropylideneuridine were tested as UGT inhibitors. The potency of these inhibitors was determined by studying their effect on the photoaffinity labeling of rat liver microsomal UGTs by two photoaffinity probes, beta-32P5-azido-UDP-glucuronic acid (5N3UDP-GlcUA) and beta-32P5-azido-UDP-glucose (5N3UDP-Glc) and on the enzymatic formation of the two glucuronide conjugates (3-O- and carboxyl-specific) of lithocholic acid. All but one of the compounds tested proved to have an inhibitory effect on UGTs, both in the photoaffinity labeling system and in the enzymatic glucuronidation assay. In the photoaffinity labeling system, the inhibitors containing the isopropylidene moiety were less effective than their unprotected derivatives; however, the protected forms were, with one exception, more potent inhibitors of enzymatic activity. The photoaffinity labeling of UGTs with beta-32P5N3UDP-Glc was more susceptible to inhibition by all derivatives than that with beta-32P5N3UDP-GlcUA. The effect of one inhibitor, PP50B, on the two enzymatic activities involved in LA glucuronidation was extensively tested. A double-reciprocal plot suggested a competitive inhibition for UDP-GlcUA with an apparent Ki of 35 microM for LA 3-O-glucuronide formation and 94 microM for the carboxyl-linked glucuronide of the same substrate.
Fifty-two cases of surgical advancement of the mandible were evaluated by retrospective cephalometric and computer analysis for longitudinal skeletal and dental changes an average of 3 1/2 years ...after surgery. Postsurgical treatment response appeared to be a multifactorial biologic phenomenon with considerable individual variability. Results showed generally good stability after mandibular advancement, with a minimal to moderate tendency toward skeletal relapse during intermaxillary fixation. Positional change of the proximal segment was the most important parameter in determining stability or relapse of the advanced mandible. Anteroinferior displacement of the condyle and increased posterior facial height were found to be important factors in the skeletal relapse observed during the period of intermaxillary fixation. The magnitude of mandibular advancement was a reliable surgical predictor of postsurgical relapse. Preoperative mandibular plane angle, postfixation intersegment instability, and patient's age cannot be isolated as being solely responsible for specific postsurgical changes.
The mammary glands of conventionally reared cows, never exceeding a live weight gain (LWG) of 0.74 kg/d, weighed 39% more and contained 68% more secretory tissue than glands of rapidly reared animals ...grown at 1.1 kg/d. In 11-month-old heifers reared at 3 rates of LWG (L, 0.57; M, 0.76 and H, 1.18 kg/d) gland weight was related to LWG, but dissected mammary parenchyma was heavier in animals on treatment L than on treatment H and followed a quadratic relationship. Parenchymal composition on treatment H was correlated to both age and body weight at puberty. No similar trend was observed in treatments L and M although group L animals had more ductal tissue and less fat than those of group M. Heifers from treatment L were reared during pregnancy at either 0.68 or 0.84 kg/d LWG (treatments LL and LH respectively) and heifers from treatment H at 0.58 kg/d (treatment HL). Total gland weight was unaffected by treatment, but the percentage by weight of secretory tissue in the gland in treatment HL was less than for treatments LL and LH. These experiments confirm that mammary development is permanently impaired by high rates of LWG in the first year of life. There was no impairment of mammary development in heifers reared moderately in the first year and more rapidly during pregnancy.
This article considers the degree of accuracy with which it is possible to predict the family reunification of children cared for away from home. It notes the difficulties of predicting life ...trajectories in the social sciences, but argues that doing so is possible within certain bounds given epidemiological evidence & knowledge of the risk & protective factors present in the lives of an individual child. The article focuses on a predictive tool called Going Home? designed to help practitioners make better decisions about the return home of children from state care. Return is an under-researched area, & is rarely the romantic homecoming of Hollywood movies. The practice tool is based on retrospective & prospective research into the factors that, at different stages of the child's care career, best predict successful return home. The article lists these factors, which in turn should help practitioners to prepare the child & family for return. The last section connects the research to three broader themes, namely: the role of prediction in developing improved children's services, the value of research-based practice tools, & the effectiveness in terms of child outcomes of different methods of research dissemination. 21 References. Adapted from the source document.
This article considers the degree of accuracy with which it is possible to predict the family reunification of children cared for away from home. It notes the difficulties of predicting life ...trajectories in the social sciences, but argues that doing so is possible within certain bounds given epidemiological evidence & knowledge of the risk & protective factors present in the lives of an individual child. The article focuses on a predictive tool called Going Home? designed to help practitioners make better decisions about the return home of children from state care. Return is an under-researched area, & is rarely the romantic homecoming of Hollywood movies. The practice tool is based on retrospective & prospective research into the factors that, at different stages of the child's care career, best predict successful return home. The article lists these factors, which in turn should help practitioners to prepare the child & family for return. The last section connects the research to three broader themes, namely: the role of prediction in developing improved children's services, the value of research-based practice tools, & the effectiveness in terms of child outcomes of different methods of research dissemination. 21 References. Adapted from the source document.
Nineteen children with congenital, mycotic, traumatic and tumoral arterial aneurysms were studied neuroradiologically. The important role of computed tomography (CT) was shown in two traumatic ...aneurysm cases where bleeding was clinically inapparent. Among the unique cases described was a boy with a pituitary tumor in whom an aneurysm was discovered incidentally; coexistence of these lesions in childhood has not been documented previously. Nor has a tumoral aneurysm been mentioned (the case reported had a surrounding primary anaplastic sarcoma). Rare cases included a cavernous carotid mycotic aneurysm and infants with hemorrhage from congenital distal middle cerebral artery aneurysms. Marked cellular responses within the aneurysm walls, believed to be a reaction to hemorrhage, were noted in both infants.
