To investigate the antidiabetic effects and mechanisms of quinoa on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) mice model. In this context, we induced the T2DM mice model with a high‐fat diet (HFD) combined ...with streptozotocin (STZ), followed by treatment with a quinoa diet. To explore the impact of quinoa on the intestinal flora, we predicted and validated its potential mechanism of hypoglycemic effect through network pharmacology, molecular docking, western blot, and immunohistochemistry (IHC). We found that quinoa could significantly improve abnormal glucolipid metabolism in T2DM mice. Further analysis showed that quinoa contributed to the improvement of gut microbiota composition positively. Moreover, it could downregulate the expression of TAS1R3 and TRPM5 in the colon. A total of 72 active components were identified by network pharmacology. Among them, TAS1R3 and TRPM5 were successfully docked with the core components of quinoa. These findings confirm that quinoa may exert hypoglycemic effects through gut microbiota and the TAS1R3/TRPM5 taste signaling pathway.
The results of this study showed that quinoa has a positive effect on the recovery of intestinal microbiota disorder in type 2 diabetes mice.
The gut microbiota is important in the occurrence and development of obesity. It can not only via its metabolites, but also through microbiota-gut-brain-liver interactions, directly or indirectly, ...influence obesity. Quinoa, known as one kind of pseudocereals and weight loss food supplements, has been high-profile for its high nutritional value and broad applications. In this context, we produced high-fat diet-induced (HFD) obese mouse models and assessed the efficacy of quinoa with saponin and quinoa without saponin on obesity. We explored the potential therapeutic mechanisms of quinoa using methods such as 16S rRNA, Western blotting, Immunohistochemical (IHC). Our results indicated that quinoa can improve the obese symptoms significantly on HFD mice, as well as aberrant glucose and lipid metabolism. Further analyses suggest that quinoa can regulate microbiota in the colon and have predominantly regulation on
,
and
, meanwhile can decrease the
/
ratio and the abundance of
. Contemporaneously, quinoa can upregulate the expression of TGR5 in the colon and brain, as well as GLP-1 in the colon, liver and brain. while downregulate the expression of TLR4 in the colon and liver, as well as markers of ER stress and oxidative stress in livers and serums. Beyond this, tight junctional proteins in colons and brains are also increased in response to quinoa. Therefore, quinoa can effectively reduce obesity and may possibly exert through microbiota-gut-brain-liver interaction mechanisms.
Gut microbiota has been investigated extensively, as a driver of obesity as well as a therapeutic target. Studies of its mechanisms are predominantly microbiota-gut-brain axis or microbiota-gut-liver axis. Recent studies have shown that there is an important correlation between the gut-brain-liver axis and the energy balance of the body. Our research focus on microbiota-gut-brain-liver axis, as well as influences of quinoa in intestinal microbiota. We extend this study to the interaction between microbiota and brains, and the result shows obvious differences in the composition of the microbiome between the HFD group and others. These observations infer that besides the neurotransmitter and related receptors, microbiota itself may be a mediator for regulating bidirectional communication, along the gut-brain-liver axis. Taken together, these results also provide strong evidence for widening the domain of applicability of quinoa.
Taiwania cryptomerioides Hayata is an endangered relict plant belonging to Taxodiaceae, and it is also an endemic plant to China. The decay‐resistant of Taiwania timber can provide highly quality ...wood for building and furniture. Plenty of regenerative of leaves of T. cryptomerioides also has been used as a resource for the discovery of new dimeric diterpenoids. In a search for structurally diverse dimeric diterpenoids and potent bioactive isolates, ten new heterodimeric diterpenoids, taiwaniadducts K−T (1–4, 6, 8–11, and 14), along with five known ones (5, 7, 12, 13, and 15), were isolated from the leaves of T. cryptomerioides. These new compounds were defined by comprehensive spectroscopic analyses, putative biosynthetic pathways, and the values of optical. Biologically, anti‐multidrug resistance (MDR) activities of compounds were evaluated. Compounds 4 and 10 exerted a 9.18‐fold potentiation effect on bortezmib (BTZ) susceptibility at a tested concentration (20 μM) better than the positive control verapamil. The research of the leaves of T. cryptomerioides not only added the new data to the structural diversity and activities of dimeric diterpenoids but also could provide support for the medical and industrial application of the leaves of this endangered relict plant.
...the identification of biomarker, which could inform the clinical diagnosis of autophagic impairment, will be essential for guiding the management of septic patients. Additionally, a higher serum ...level of LC3β was associated with significantly lower levels of IL-1β and IL-18 Figure 1B. ...there was no significant difference observed with regard to the identified pathogens (gram-negative vs. gram-positive) (median and interquartile interval; 253.83, 219.99–300.80 vs. 297.32, 240.24–392.12 pg/mL, P = 0.055). ...there may be bias in patient selection. ...the use of LC3β to monitor the progression of sepsis or response to treatment interventions requires further investigation.
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The binding stoichiometry, binding constants, and inclusion mode of some water-soluble negatively charged cyclodextrin derivatives, i.e. heptakis-6-deoxy-6-(3-sulfanylpropanoic ...acid)-β-cyclodextrin(H1), heptakis-6-deoxy-6-(2-sulfanylacetic acid)-β-cyclodextrin(H2), mono-6-deoxy-6-(3-sulfanylpropanoic acid)-β-cyclodextrin (H3) and mono-6-deoxy-6-(2-sulfanylacetic acid)-β-cyclodextrin (H4), with three anticancer drugs, i.e. irinotecan hydrochloride; topotecan hydrochloride; doxorubicin hydrochloride, were investigated by means of 1H NMR, UV–Vis spectroscopy, mass spectra and 2D NMR. Polyanionic cyclodextrins H1-H2 showed the significantly high binding abilities of up to 2.6 × 104–2.0 × 105 M−1 towards the selected anticancer drugs, which were nearly 50–1000 times higher than the corresponding Ks values of native β-cyclodextrin. In addition, these polyanionic cyclodextrins also showed the pH-controlled release behaviors. That is, the anticancer drugs could be efficiently encapsulated in the cyclodextrin cavity at a pH value similar to that of serum but sufficiently released at an endosomal pH value of a cancer cell, which would make these cyclodextrin derivatives the potential carriers for anticancer drugs.
The existence of parting in coal can contribute to unstable slip and shear failure, and even rockburst of mining faces and sidewalls. In this work, the rockburst triggered by the slip and fracture of ...coal–parting–coal structure (CPCS) discontinuities subjected to dynamic stress was visually investigated by numerical simulation, and the stress and displacement as well as the corresponding vibration characteristics surrounding the parting during the rockburst were comprehensively analyzed. Eventually, the rockburst triggering mechanism was summarized. As a field testimony for verifying the numerical results, the “11.20” rockburst in the first parting zone of the 1307 working face of the Zhaolou coal mine (ZCM) was investigated in detail by microseismic (MS) tomography. The following main conclusions were obtained: (1) rockburst may be triggered by the slip and fracture of a CPCS subjected to dynamic stress with a violent ejection of a large number of parting fragments at a high speed. The peak particle velocity (PPV) 10 m/s can be regarded as a critical vibration velocity for rockburst warning; (2) during rockburst, the vibration characteristics of different positions surrounding the parting are closely associated with the coal and rock failure caused by the slip and fracture of the parting; and (3) based on the clustering of many high-energy MS sources in the parting zone combined with a high P-wave velocity, velocity gradient, stress concentration and strain energy, it was fully verified that the “11.20” rockburst was triggered by the slip and fracture of the wedge-shaped parting. Additionally, the sudden and sharp rise of the fault total area (FTA) can be regarded as a precursory sign to warn rockburst. The in situ observations lend credence to the numerical simulations.
To explore the effects of the quinoa diet on glycolipid metabolism and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in an obese mouse model. Six-week-old C57BL/6J female mice have received a high-fat diet (HFD) ...to induce obesity and subsequently were treated with a quinoa diet for 12 weeks. During this period, fasting blood glucose, body fat and insulin resistance were measured regularly. At the end of the experiment, mouse serum and liver tissue were collected. The differences in glucose and lipid metabolism were analyzed, and liver tissue pathological morphology, liver endoplasmic reticulum stress-related mRNA and protein levels, and serum oxidative stress levels were measured. Quinoa diet could significantly reduce the level of blood glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, improve glucose tolerance, as well as improve histological changes of liver tissues in obese mice (P < 0.05 or < 0.01). Besides, quinoa could improve oxidative stress indicators such as GSH, and MDA (P < 0.05 or < 0.01). Furthermore, quinoa can down-regulate mRNA expression of ER stress markers eIF2alpha, GRP78, and CHOP in the liver of obese mice (P < 0.05 or < 0.01). Quinoa supplementation can improve glycolipid metabolism, regulate ER stress, and alleviate obesity in HFD-induced mice.
To evaluate diagnostic performance of contrast-enhanced (CE) ultrasonography (US) and microflow (MF) imaging in differentiation of atypical hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) from focal nodular ...hyperplasia (FNH).
Institutional review board approval was obtained, and informed consent was waived. A total of 103 patients (mean age, 43.9 years; age range, 17-75 years) were included; 38 patients with HCC and 65 with FNH underwent CE US, and vascular architecture pattern (VAP) and arrival time parametric (ATP) images were analyzed. Resident and staff radiologists independently and retrospectively reviewed CE US, VAP, and ATP images. χ(2) test and logistic regression analysis were applied to identify specific features of FNH or HCC on CE US and MF images. To compare diagnostic performance of CE US with or without MF imaging, four sets of criteria were assigned: (a) routine CE US alone, (b) VAP and CE US, (c) ATP imaging and CE US, and (d) all three methods in combination. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of resident and staff radiologists were analyzed. Cohen κ statistic was used to assess agreement of CE US and MF imaging features between staff and resident radiologists.
MF imaging offered significant improvements over most detection rates achieved with routine CE US signs in both groups. For staff radiologists, AUCs from criteria sets 3 (AUC = 0.873, P < .05) and 4 (AUC = 0.887, P < .05) were significantly higher than AUC from criteria set 1 (AUC = 0.835). For resident radiologists, specificity (71% and 69% vs 25%, P < .01) and accuracy (78% and 79% vs 50%, P < .01) of criteria sets 3 and 4 were significantly higher than those of criteria set 1. Moreover, AUCs for criteria sets 2 (AUC = 0.728, P < .05), 3 (AUC = 0.823, P < .01), and 4 (AUC = 0.857, P < .01) were significantly higher than those for criteria set 1 (AUC = 0.667).
When compared with routine CE US, MF imaging can more effectively depict specific features and offers improved diagnostic performance in the differentiation of atypical HCC from FNH, especially when used by resident radiologists. Online supplemental material is available for this article.
Objective
To prospectively compare microwave (MW) ablation using a modified internal cooled-shaft antenna with radiofrequency (RF) ablation in in vivo porcine liver and in patients with small ...hepatocellular carcinoma (sHCC).
Methods
In an animal study, MW and RF ablations using a cooled-shaft antenna or internally cooled electrode were performed in in vivo porcine liver. Coagulation diameters of both ablations were compared. For clinical study, 42 patients with sHCC were treated with MW or RF ablation. Complete ablation (CA) and local tumour progression (LTP) were compared.
Results
MW ablation produced significantly larger ablation zones than RF ablation in both porcine liver and sHCC with an ablated volume of 33.3 ± 15.6 cm
3
vs. 18.9 ± 9.1 cm
3
and 109.3 ± 58.3 cm
3
vs. 48.7 ± 30.5 cm
3
, respectively. The CA rate was 95.5 % (21/22) for MW ablation and 95.0 % (19/20) for RF ablation. In a 5.1-month follow-up, the LTP rate was 18.2 % (4/22) in the MW ablation group and 15.0 % (3/20) in the RF ablation group.
Conclusion
MW ablation using a modified cooled-shaft antenna produces a larger ablation zone than RF ablation, with an efficacy similar to RF ablation in local tumour control. MW ablation is a safe and promising treatment of sHCC.
Key Points
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Microwave ablation with a cooled-shaft antenna produces a larger ablation zone than radiofrequency ablation.
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Microwave and radiofrequency ablation showed similar local tumour control in small HCC.
•
Microwave ablation seems safe and efficient for small liver cancers (<3 cm).
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