This study examines age and sex differences in human values, with GDP, GGI (Gender Gap Index), and individualism-collectivism as culture-level moderators, using representative data for age and sex ...across 20 countries with substantial cultural variability (N = 21,362). Cross-sectional findings revealed that all values dimensions varied in importance over the life span and that men and women are slightly different across most life stages. Specifically, older adults scored higher than young adults in values with social (interactive and normative) and central goals (suprapersonal and existence), whereas values with personal goals (excitement and promotion) showed the opposite pattern. In general, women were higher on social and central goals and men were higher on personal goals. Interactions between age and sex showed that men and women were identical in excitement values when young, and in interactive values when old, but there were significant differences between them in almost all other life stages. There was almost no moderation effect of culture, supporting the life span development psychology idea that values reflect a universal pattern of human agency in facing challenges over the life span.
Belief in the benevolence and moral legitimacy of leaders in central government is theorized as a form of cultural capital consistent with the hierarchical relationalism of East Asian societies with ...Confucian roots. A reliable measure of benevolent authority beliefs (BAB) is introduced, and its convergent and discriminant validity relative to established measures of institutional trust are established. Its socialization as part of the political culture of Taiwan was examined among high school adolescents aged 13–16. Significant gender differences were found inconsistent with traditional patriarchy. Regression analyses showed that within the relationship with mothers but not fathers, adolescents associated higher reciprocal filial piety, authoritative parenting, and authentic (positive) affect with higher BAB. For daughters but not sons, reciprocal filial piety, authoritative parenting style, and authentic (positive) affect in the relationship with their father were positively associated with BAB. Affect‐based transfer from parent‐child relationships rather than authoritarian obligations based on rote learning was a key socializing factor in a contemporary Chinese society.
Research conducted in Western cultural contexts has discovered that people are more intolerant of moral than demographic diversity, prefer greater social and physical distance from morally dissimilar ...others, and actively discriminate against those who do not share their moral attitudes. The goal of the current work was to test whether (a) these findings generalize across cultural contexts and (b) similar patterns would emerge with not only social but also political intolerance. Strength of moral conviction associated with participants’ most important issue was associated with higher and similar levels of social intolerance of attitudinally dissimilar others in both China and the United States but was only related to political intolerance in China. These results demonstrate that moral mandate effects are not unique to highly individualized cultural contexts and reveal a possible boundary condition on the links between moral conviction and intolerance. Implications are discussed.
We examine the one-loop partition function describing the fluctuations of the superstring in a Schwarzschild-AdS\(_5\times S^5\) background. On the bosonic side, we demonstrate the one-loop ...equivalence of the Nambu-Goto action and the Polyakov action for a general worldsheet, while on the fermionic side, we consider the reduction of the ten-dimensional Green-Schwarz fermion action to a two-dimensional worldsheet action. We derive the partition functions of the worldsheets corresponding to both straight and parallel Wilson lines. We show that the UV divergences of the functional determinants in the thermal AdS background are canceled.
Patients with childhood cancer are at increased risk for the development of second cancers.
A national multicenter survey of second cancers conducted by the Taiwan Pediatric Oncology Group retrieved ...retrospective data from the database at the Children Cancer Foundation in Taiwan beginning in 1995. The characteristics of second cancers and associations of patient demographic and clinical characteristics with time to death due to a second cancer were analyzed.
We examined the records of 8782 patients with a primary cancer diagnosed between January 1, 1995 and December 31, 2013, and a total of 99 patients with a second cancer were identified. The most common type of second cancer was acute myeloid leukemia (n = 35), followed by acute lymphoblastic leukemia (n = 15), central nervous system (CNS) tumors (n = 15), and sarcomas (n = 10). Secondary hematological malignancies occurred earlier than other secondary cancers. The frequencies of second CNS tumors and second bone cancers and sarcomas were notably increased when prior radiation doses increased from zero, low dose to high dose. The overall 5-year survival of patients with a second cancer was poor (33.7%). Multivariate survival analysis revealed that the year of primary diagnosis ≤2002, secondary hematological malignancies, and age at second cancer diagnosis ≤9.3 years or >26.8 years increased the risk of death following second cancer.
Children who develop a second cancer have an unfavorable outcome. Early detection and improved treatment for second cancers are needed.
Phys.Rev.D80:046007,2009 We examine the one-loop partition function describing the fluctuations of the
superstring in a Schwarzschild-AdS$_5\times S^5$ background. On the bosonic
side, we demonstrate ...the one-loop equivalence of the Nambu-Goto action and the
Polyakov action for a general worldsheet, while on the fermionic side, we
consider the reduction of the ten-dimensional Green-Schwarz fermion action to a
two-dimensional worldsheet action. We derive the partition functions of the
worldsheets corresponding to both straight and parallel Wilson lines. We show
that the UV divergences of the functional determinants in the thermal AdS
background are canceled.
Hospitals in China are classified into tiers (1, 2 or 3), with the largest (tier 3) having more equipment and specialist staff. Differential health insurance cost-sharing by hospital tier (lower ...deductibles and higher reimbursement rates in lower tiers) was introduced to reduce overcrowding in higher tier hospitals, promote use of lower tier hospitals, and limit escalating healthcare costs. However, little is known about the effects of differential cost-sharing in health insurance schemes on choice of hospital tiers.
In a 9-year follow-up of a prospective study of 0.5 M adults from 10 areas in China, we examined the associations between differential health insurance cost-sharing and choice of hospital tiers for patients with a first hospitalisation for stroke or ischaemic heart disease (IHD) in 2009–2017. Analyses were performed separately in urban areas (stroke: n = 20,302; IHD: n = 19,283) and rural areas (stroke: n = 21,130; IHD: n = 17,890), using conditional logit models and adjusting for individual socioeconomic and health characteristics.
About 64–68% of stroke and IHD cases in urban areas and 27–29% in rural areas chose tier 3 hospitals. In urban areas, higher reimbursement rates in each tier and lower tier 3 deductibles were associated with a greater likelihood of choosing their respective hospital tiers. In rural areas, the effects of cost-sharing were modest, suggesting a greater contribution of other factors. Higher socioeconomic status and greater disease severity were associated with a greater likelihood of seeking care in higher tier hospitals in urban and rural areas.
Patient choice of hospital tiers for treatment of stroke and IHD in China was influenced by differential cost-sharing in urban areas, but not in rural areas. Further strategies are required to incentivise appropriate health seeking behaviour and promote more efficient hospital use.
Wellcome Trust, Medical Research Council, British Heart Foundation, Cancer Research UK, Kadoorie Charitable Foundation, China Ministry of Science and Technology, and National Natural Science Foundation of China.
Invited lectures info: Abstracts Junkin, Michael; Pak Kin Wong; Jin-Woo Kim ...
2011 6th IEEE International Conference on Nano/Micro Engineered and Molecular Systems,
2011-Feb.
Conference Proceeding
The following topics are dealt with: nano/micro engineered and molecular systems.
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