Human beings have a long history of understanding, exploring, and pursuing music and health, and ancient and modern cultures have provided detailed and clear records of this. We here attempt to ...examine the effects of music on individuals’ emotional experiences and psychophysiological signals by exploring the functions of music at both the psychological and physiological levels. The present study investigated the mood induced by popular music from a psychological and physiological measurement perspective, focusing on the effects of the following factors on mood: key (major, minor, pentatonic); rhythmic pattern (steady rhythm, flowing rhythm), and a total of 40 subjects were recruited for the study. Psychophysiological signals under the influence of music were measured and analyzed. The results showed that: tonality had a significant effect on arousal and potency, and pentatonic tonality had a significant difference in a poetic sense and heart rate variability from Western tonality; the rhythmic type had a significant effect on arousal and poetic sense; in the presence of musical stimuli only, theta power spectral moments were significantly different in the left and right hemispheres, and the right side was larger than the left side; theta power spectra differed with different tonality and rhythmic type: theta power The theta power spectrum differs with different tunings and rhythmic patterns: the difference between left and right brain is smaller in pentatonic than in Western tuning. Therefore, music has significant effects on both emotion and physiological psychology, and the theoretical and methodological findings of this study lay the foundation for the design of musical interaction services.
Vaterite was identified in a decrepit carbonaceous material (CM) bearing inclusion in zircon from a stromatic migmatite in the Chinese Sulu ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphic terrane. It is ...associated with nanometer to micrometer anhedral diamonds, aragonite, calcite, amorphous C-Si-O, and amorphous Zr-Si-O materials. The inclusion developed offshoots and abundant indigenous holes. The C-Si-O material is carbon-rich and porous and shows diagnostic Raman bands of highly disordered CM, whereas the Zr-Si-O material is spherulitic or banded with little or no carbon. The observations from focused ion beam-scanning electron microscope (FIB-SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) verify that both diamond and highly disordered CM are of indigenous origin. The formation pathway of vaterite means that an amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) phase occurred as the precursor of vaterite. The highly disordered CM contains the subsidiary bands at 1150 and 1250 cm-1 on the low-frequency side of the D1 band, suggesting that there exist aliphatic hydrocarbon chains. Thus, the highly disordered CM was derived from carbonization of some kind of organic species in the fluid inclusion. Decrepitation of inclusion resulted in an extremely high supersaturation state of the fluid that induced the precipitation of amorphous materials and released residual fluid out of the inclusion, which became dry and preserved vaterite and amorphous materials.
A basic two-terminal secret key generation model is considered, where the interactive communication rate between the terminals may be limited, and in particular may not be enough to achieve the ...maximum key rate. We first prove a multi-letter characterization of the key-communication rate region (where the number of auxiliary random variables depends on the number of rounds of the communication), and then provide an equivalent but simpler characterization in terms of concave envelopes in the case of unlimited number of rounds. Two extreme cases are given special attention. First, in the regime of very low communication rates, the key bits per interaction bit (KBIB) is expressed with a new "symmetric strong data processing constant", which has a concave envelope characterization analogous to that of the conventional strong data processing constant. The symmetric strong data processing constant can be upper bounded by the supremum of the maximal correlation coefficient over a set of distributions, which allows us to determine the KBIB for binary symmetric sources, and conclude, in particular, that the interactive scheme is not more efficient than the one-way scheme at least in the low communication-rate regime. Second, a new characterization of the minimum interaction rate needed for achieving the maximum key rate (MIMK) is given, and we resolve a conjecture by Tyagi regarding the MIMK for (possibly nonsymmetric) binary sources. We also propose a new conjecture for binary symmetric sources that the interactive scheme is not more efficient than the one-way scheme at any communication rate.
Display omitted
•Methanol synthesis via carbon dioxide hydrogenation is reviewed.•Up to date review on high yield catalysts for methanol synthesis are discussed.•Catalytic performance parameters ...(temperature, Pressure, Support) are reviewed.•Policy framework towards renewable energy for China is extensively reviewed.•The catalytic mechanism and the role of promoters, bi-metallic catalyst is also discussed.
A unified treatment of the renewable portfolio standards is given concerning direct methanol fuel. The current mechanism of electrocatalysis of methanol oxidation on platinum and non-platinum-containing alloys is summarized for the systematic improvement of the rate of electro-oxidation of methanol are discussed. Policy realignment under the five-year plan is discussed in length to demonstrate how policy, markets, and engineering designs contribute towards the development of model direct methanol fuel cells operational enhancement, and factors that affect critical performance parameters for commercial exploitation are summarized for catalytic formulations and cell design within the context of why this investment in technology, education, and finances is required within the global context of sustainable energy and energy independence as exposed by thirteenth the five-year plan. The prolog focuses on the way, whereas the section on methanol fuel cells on the how and the post log on what is expected post-COVID-19 era in science and technology as China pivots to a post-fossil fuel economy.
China's industrial growth has been through internal market reforms and supplies side economics from the Chinese markets for fossil fuels except for petroleum. The latest renewable portfolio standards adopted have common elements as adopted from North American and the United Kingdom in terms of adaptation of obligation in terms of renewable portfolio standards as well as a realization that the necessity for renewables standards for the thirteen five year plan (from 2016 to 2020) need to less rigorously implemented due to performance targets that were met during the eleventh (06–10) and twelfth five-year plans (11–15) in terms of utilization of small coal-ire power plants, development of newer standards, led to an improvement of energy efficiency of 15 %, reduction of SOx/NOx by an average of 90 % and PM2.5 by 96 % over the last two five-year plans.
The current phase of the plan has a focus on energy generation from coal and a slowing down of renewables or Renewable energy curtailment of approximately 400 T Wh renewables including 300 T Wh of non-hydro power, principally from Guangdong, and Jiangsu for transfer of hydropower and Zhejiang, Tianjin, Henan for non-hydro power transfer with Beijing and Shanghai playing important roles in renewables energy curtailment and realignment using an integrated approach to optimize each provinces energy portfolio. The realignment of the renewable energy portfolio indicates that the newly installed capacity in Sichuan, Yunnan, Inner Mongolia, and Zhejiang will account for less than 20 % of the current renewable energy portfolio but with the NOx SOx and PM2.5 savings already accrued.
The catalytic reduction of carbon dioxide to methanol (70 / 110 million metric tons from all sources in 2019 for China/world) is one technological approach to reduce global carbon dioxide emissions and suggests that catalytic methanol synthesis by CO2 hydrogenation may be a plausible approach, even if it is more expensive economically than methanol synthesis by the syngas approach. This is because the CO2 emissions of the synthesis are lower than other synthesis methodologies. The Chinese government has placed a premium on cleaner air and water and may view such an approach as solving the dual issues of fuel substitution and reduction of CO2. Thus, the coupling of hydrogen generation from sustainable energies sources (Solar 175 / 509 GW) or wind (211/591.5 GW in 2019) may be an attractive approach, as this requires slightly less water than coal gasification. Due to the thermodynamic requirement of lower operating pressure and higher operating pressure, currently, there is no single operational approach, although some practice approaches (220 °C at 48 atm using copper) and zinc oxide/alumina are suggested for optimal performance.
This paper investigates the dynamic responses of offshore wind turbine (OWT) supported on monopile foundation in clay subjected to wind, wave and earthquake actions. Based on the open-source software ...platform OpenSees, a three-dimensional finite model of the system is developed. The tower and monopile is modeled using beam element, the pile-soil interface behavior using nonlinear Winkler foundation approach, and the pile-water interface using hydrodynamic added mass. The wind, wave and earthquake actions are applied as loadings on the system. The effects of several parameters, such as wind velocity, induction factor, wave period, peak ground acceleration, and soil parameters on the dynamic responses of the system are studied. The results indicate that it is necessary to consider the combination of wind, wave and earthquake actions in the design of offshore wind turbine.
•A FE model of an OWT on monopile foundation is developed in software OpenSees.•Pile-soil and water-pile interaction are replaced by p-y curve and added mass.•Responses of the system subjected to wind, wave and earthquake load are studied.•Effect of load and soil parameters on the responses of the system are studied.•Joint wind, wave and earthquake action should be considered in the design of OWT.
Abstract
Abundant primary fluid and melt inclusions occur in zircons from a stromatic migmatite sample in the Chinese Sulu ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphic belt, reflecting an immiscible ...melt-fluid coexistence during the partial melting process. Raman analysis shows that the fluid inclusions include whewellite, highly disordered carbonaceous matter (CM), diamond, calcite, dawsonite, quartz, cristobalite, H2O-bearing silica glass, muscovite, chalcopyrite, molybdenite, pyrite/pyrrhotite, magnetite, hematite, rutile, CO2 and H2O. The inclusions were entrapped during the exhumation of the rock from UHP to granulite-facies metamorphic conditions. The presence of whewellite suggests that the primary fluids during the entrapment of the inclusions contained some kind of dicarboxylic compound. The highly disordered CM still includes aliphatic hydrocarbon species revealed by the C-H stretching bands at ~2886 and ~2941 cm−1, and a subsidiary band at 1250 cm−1 on the low-frequency side of the D band at 1350 cm−1, indicating that it was derived from incomplete carbonization of an organic compound. The identification of whewellite as well as highly disordered CM in the fluid inclusions provides evidence that abiotic synthesis of organic compounds can happen at elevated pressures and temperatures where both melt and fluids are stable, and in which magnetite and sulphides may play a catalyzing role.
The objective of this paper was to investigate the hydrolysis and transepithelial transport of egg white peptides in Caco-2 cell monolayers and everted rat sacs. Results showed that egg white ...peptides had higher permeability but lower degradation in Caco-2 cell monolayers than found for everted rat sacs. Peptides LGAKDSTRT, DGSRQPVDN, VNDLQGKTS, and GKKDPVLKD were identified from not only the basolateral (BL) side of Caco-2 cell monolayers but also the serous side of everted rat sacs, suggesting that these four peptides could be transported intact in both model systems. In addition, there were 24 peptides identified from the apical (AP) side of Caco-2 cell monolayers and the mucosal side of everted rat sacs, indicating potential resistance to hydrolysis by brush border membrane peptidases. Among these, peptides IRDLLER, YAEERYP, and IRNVLQPS were demonstrated as having dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitory activities with IC50 values of 186.23 ± 15.25, 340.62 ± 4.73, and 598.28 ± 15.12 μM (P < 0.05), respectively. Furthermore, molecular docking revealed that the DPP-IV inhibitory peptides were predicted to form hydrogen-bonds, π–π bonds, and charge interactions with the activity sites, especially the amino acid residues located in the S2 pocket of DPP-IV, potentially contributing to their DPP-IV inhibitory activities.
Display omitted
•Glass-ceramic foams are prepared using extractedtitaniumtailing as raw materials.•The pore size, number and distribution of the foams could be controllable prepared.•The optimized ...condition for preparing low density glass-ceramic foams is obtained.•The formation mechanism of glass-ceramic foams is reasonably given.
Extracted titanium tailing, a large amount of solid waste produced from Panzhihua in China, not onlyoccupiesa lot oflands, but alsoseriously pollutes the environment. Glass-ceramic foams could be synthesized using extractedtitaniumtailing as a raw material, mixed with glass waste, foaming agent Na2CO3 and fluxing agent B2O3 by a simple powder foaming method. The effects of preparing conditions such as sintering temperature (760–790 °C), sintering time (10–40 min), Na2CO3 content (0–3 wt%) and B2O3 content (0–3 wt%) on the micromorphology have been systematically investigated by scanning electron microscopy. The crystallinity, compressive strength, thermal conductivity, and thermal expansion coefficient are investigated by X-ray diffraction, electronic universal testing machine, heat flow method and thermal dilatometer. The pore size, percent, and distribution of the glass-ceramic foams can be controllably prepared by adjusting the preparing conditions. And the pore structure plays an important role in determining the apparent density, compressive strength, thermal conductivity, and thermal expansion coefficient. The glass-ceramic foam has a low apparent density of 0.30 ± 0.01 g cm−3, an available compressive strength of 1.0 ± 0.1 MPa, a thermal conductivity of 0.060 ± 0.002 W m−1 °C −1, a high porosity of 88.0% and an average thermal expansion coefficient of 5.27 × 10−6 m m−1 °C−1 under the optimal preparation parameters, indicating that the glass-ceramic foam could be widely used in construction and building industry.
•Foaming and emulsifying properties are linear correlated with glycation degree.•Ultrasound treatment enhanced glycation degree and surface properties of conjugates.•Ultrasound promoted the ...conversion of α-helices to β-sheets and unfolded structures.•Ultrasound induced the formation of amyloid-like fibrils of conjugates.
This study aims to optimize the ultrasound treatment conditions for enhancing the degree of glycation (DG) of ovalbumin (OVA)-xylose conjugates through Maillard reaction and investigate the correlation between DG and functional properties affected by structural changes. The structural and functional properties of classical heating OVA, glycated OVA, ultrasonic treated OVA, and ultrasound-assisted glycated OVA were investigated to explore the interaction mechanism of ultrasound treatment on foaming and emulsifying properties improvement. Results indicated that the ultrasound assistance increased free sulfhydryl content, surface hydrophobicity and particle size of OVA-xylose conjugates, and thus enhancing the surface properties, which were strongly linear correlated with DG under different glycation parameters (pH, xylose/OVA ratio, heating time). Additionally, circular dichroism spectroscopy analysis revealed that ultrasound promoted the conversion of α-helices to β-sheets and unfolded structures, which was consistent with the formation of short amyloid-like aggregates that observed by atomic force microscopy phenomenon. Overall, our study provides new insights into the effects of ultrasound treatment on Maillard-induced protein functional properties enhancement, which may be a new strategy to tune the DG and functionality of protein-saccharide grafts during ultrasound processing.
Display omitted
•Peptides ADM and ADW were identified as bitter taste receptor blockers.•The IC50 values of peptides ADM and ADW were 420.32 μM and 403.29 μM, respectively.•THR86, ASP168 and PHE247 ...played key roles in the binding of ADM and ADW with T2R14.
Human bitter taste receptor TAS2R14 (T2R14) can widely perceive bitterness, which has always been an issue for people to overcome. This study was aimed at identifying bioactive peptides obtained from Oncorhynchus mykiss nebulin hydrolysates as bitter taste receptor blockers by physicochemical property prediction, molecular docking, and in vitro determination of bitterness intensity using electronic tongue. Exploration of the interaction mechanism of these peptides with T2R14 by molecular docking models indicated that peptides ADM and ADW had high affinities for T2R14 to block the binding of bitter substances into the receptor. Addition of ADM and ADW to quinine caused reduction in bitterness intensity, with IC50 values of 420.32 ± 6.26 μM and 403.29 ± 4.10 μM, respectively. Hydrogen bond interaction and hydrophobic interaction were responsible for manifesting the high affinities of these peptides for the receptor. Residues Thr86, Asp168, and Phe247 may be the key amino acids within the binding site.
PDF
