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•The cross-linked structure is beneficial for electrons transport.•The porous carbon nanofibers can achieve physical confinement of ...polysulfides.•Thevanadiumcarbidenanoparticlescanalleviatetheshuttleeffect.
Room-temperature sodium-sulfur (RT Na-S) batteries have aroused extensive interest from researchers owing to the high theoretical volumetric energy density, nontoxicity and low-cost. However, poor conductivity of sulfur and high solubility of polysulfides in electrolyte are two major challenges for the practical application of the RT Na-S batteries. Herein, we report a three dimensional self-supported structure with Vanadium carbide (VC) nanoparticles embeddedin carbon nanofibers for RT Na-S batteries. Finally, the VC-CNFs@S electrode displays a reversible capacity of 379 mAh g−1 after 2000 cycles at 0.5C with a high capacity retention of 96.2%. Such outstanding electrochemical property is ascribed to the “confining – trapping – catalyzing” effect of VC-CNFs structure.
Fine-grained image-text retrieval has been a hot research topic to bridge the vision and languages, and its main challenge is how to learn the semantic correspondence across different modalities. The ...existing methods mainly focus on learning the global semantic correspondence or intramodal relation correspondence in separate data representations, but which rarely consider the intermodal relation that interactively provide complementary hints for fine-grained semantic correlation learning. To address this issue, we propose a relation-aggregated cross-graph (RACG) model to explicitly learn the fine-grained semantic correspondence by aggregating both intramodal and intermodal relations, which can be well utilized to guide the feature correspondence learning process. More specifically, we first build semantic-embedded graph to explore both fine-grained objects and their relations of different media types, which aim not only to characterize the object appearance in each modality, but also to capture the intrinsic relation information to differentiate intramodal discrepancies. Then, a cross-graph relation encoder is newly designed to explore the intermodal relation across different modalities, which can mutually boost the cross-modal correlations to learn more precise intermodal dependencies. Besides, the feature reconstruction module and multihead similarity alignment are efficiently leveraged to optimize the node-level semantic correspondence, whereby the relation-aggregated cross-modal embeddings between image and text are discriminatively obtained to benefit various image-text retrieval tasks with high retrieval performance. Extensive experiments evaluated on benchmark datasets quantitatively and qualitatively verify the advantages of the proposed framework for fine-grained image-text retrieval and show its competitive performance with the state of the arts.
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•PM2.5 adversely affect health, however, little is known on female reproduction.•The work study the effects of PM2.5 on ovarian function and embryo quality in mice.•It showed PM2.5 ...decreased female fertility and embryo quality by apoptotic pathway.
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has an adverse effect on reproductive function, in particular causing reduced male reproductive function, but relatively few studies have directly targeted its effects on female reproduction. To investigate the effects of PM2.5 exposure on female reproduction, we exposed female mice to PM2.5 by intratracheal instillation for 28 days, and evaluated apoptosis of ovarian granulosa cells and oocytes and the quality embryos after insemination. Our results showed increased numbers of apoptotic granulosa cells and oocytes after exposure to elevated concentrations of PM2.5, which had adverse effects on female fertility via compromising embryo development and quality. We conclude that PM2.5 induced apoptosis of ovarian granulosa cells and oocytes leading to disrupted embryo development and female fertility in mice.
Objective
To investigate the long‐term outcomes for Mayer–Rokitansky–Küster–Hauser syndrome (MRKH) patients undergoing vaginoplasty using acellular porcine small intestinal submucosa grafts (SIS).
...Design
A case series.
Population
Seventy‐eight MRKH syndrome patients and a post‐SIS patient who delivered a baby following the world's first robot‐assisted uterus transplantation.
Methods
Mayer–Rokitansky–Küster–Hauser syndrome patients were grouped based on the postoperative time and the diagnosis–surgery interval. Outcomes of sexual function and psychological status were assessed using the female sexual function index (FSFI), self‐rating scale of body image (SSBI) and self‐acceptance questionnaire (SAQ). Anatomical outcomes were measured by clinicians.
Main Outcome Measures
The primary outcome was restoration of sexual function, defined by an FSFI score in the ‘good’ range. Anatomical and psychological outcomes were also analysed.
Results
Sexual function was restored in 42.3% (33/78) of patients and the total FSFI score was 23.44 ± 4.43. Three factors (body defect, recognition of physical appearance and willingness to change physical appearance scores) in the SSBI and two in the SAQ decreased as the postoperative time increased. Based on the interval between diagnosis and surgery, the total SSBI score was lower in the short‐interval group than in the long‐interval group (7.25 ± 5.55 versus 12.04 ± 10.21, p = 0.038).
Conclusions
Nearly half of MRKH patients in our study had good long‐term sexual function after SIS vaginoplasty. Sexual function and psychological status improved as postoperative time increased. In addition, reducing the diagnosis to surgery interval was associated with improved psychological function.
Trace precious metal modifying inexpensive transition metal catalyst is an effective method to optimize the activity, stability and cost of hydrogen evolution catalysts. In this feature work, ...self-supporting sandwich structured Co–Pt–Co/CC sheets were assembled on a carbon cloth (CC) by a simple electrodeposition/chemical displacement alternate growth method. Surprisingly, only 2.1 wt % Pt sandwich layer greatly improved the electrochemical activity of Co–Pt–Co/CC, which delivered a current density of 10 mA cm −2 at an overpotential as low as 46 mV. Importantly, its overpotential is almost 6 times lower than that of Co/CC, and is comparable to that of Pt–Co/CC. After well-tuning the sandwich layer, the optimized Co–Pt–Co/CC exhibited a higher current density and better long-term durability compared with Pt–Co/CC and Co/CC, which can be attributed to the unique tissue-structure and electronic structure optimization of the Co–Pt–Co/CC by the Pt sandwich layer.
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•Doping trace Pt into the sandwich-like structured Co–Pt–Co/CC can significantly improve its HER performance.•The sandwich like self-supporting electrode can easily be prepared by alternating electrodeposition and impregnation.•The good hydrophilicity of Co–Pt–Co/CC surface can rapidly divert H2 gas bubbles.
Polymers containing transition‐metal complexes exhibit excellent optical and electronic properties, which are different from those of polymers with a pure organic skeleton and combine the advantages ...of both polymers and metal complexes. Hence, research about this class of polymers has attracted more and more interest in recent years. Up to now, a number of novel polymers containing transition‐metal complexes have been exploited, and significant advances in their optical and electronic applications have been achieved. In this article, we summarize some new research trends in the applications of this important class of optoelectronic polymers, such as chemo/biosensors, electronic memory devices and photovoltaic devices.
Polymers containing transition‐metal complexes, one of the most excellent optoelectronic materials, have attracted more and more research interest in recent years. They exhibit excellent optoelectronic properties, combining the advantages of both polymers and metal complexes. New research trends in the optical and electronic applications of polymers containing transition‐metal complexes are summarized.
Great progress has been made in the field of tumor immunotherapy in the past decade. However, the therapeutic effects of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) against ovarian cancer are still limited. ...Recently, an inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4/6i) has been reported to enhance antitumor immunity in preclinical models. The combined use of CDK4/6i and ICB may be beneficial, but the effects of CDK4/6is on the tumor immune microenvironment and whether they can synergize with ICB in treating ovarian cancer remain unknown.
In this study, we first assessed the antitumor efficacy of abemaciclib, an FDA-approved CDK4/6i, in a syngeneic murine ovarian cancer model. Then, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and flow cytometry were performed to evaluate the number, proportion, and activity of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. Cytokine and chemokine production was detected both
and
by PCR array analysis and cytokine antibody arrays. The treatment efficacy of combined abemaciclib and anti-PD-1 therapy was evaluated
, and CD8+ and CD4+ T cell activities were analyzed using flow cytometry. Lastly, the requirement for both CD8+ T cells and B cells in combination treatment was evaluated
and potential cellular mechanisms were further analyzed by flow cytometry.
We observed that abemaciclib monotherapy could enhance immune infiltration, especially CD8+ T cell and B cell infiltration, in the ID8 murine ovarian cancer model. Immunophenotyping analysis showed that abemaciclib induced a proinflammatory immune response in the tumor microenvironment. PCR array analysis suggested the presence of a Th1-polarized cytokine profile in abemaciclib-treated ID8 tumors.
studies showed that abemaciclib-treated ID8 cells secreted more CXCL10 and CXCL13, thus recruiting more lymphocytes than control groups. Combination treatment achieved better tumor control than monotherapy, and the activities of CD8+ and CD4+ T cells were further enhanced when compared with monotherapy. The synergistic antitumor effects of combined abemaciclib and anti-PD-1 therapy depended on both CD8+ T cells and B cells.
These findings suggest that combined treatment with CDK4/6i and anti-PD-1 antibody could improve the efficacy of anti-PD-1 therapy and hold great promise for the treatment of poorly immune-infiltrated ovarian cancer.
Hydrogen energy has garnered significant attention due to its high calorific value and minimal environmental impact. However, the high-current electrolysis of water encounters challenges such as ...insufficient active sites and the disruptive effects from rapidly generated bubbles. In this paper, a small amount of water was introduced to modify the strong coordination ability of metal ions with organic ligands, and prepared 2D Ni MOFs. Subsequently, thin carbon-armed Ni-based catalysts (Ni@TC NPs) were prepared through nickel-assisted low-temperature pyrolysis. Unlike other 3D MOFs, the 2D MOF thin sheets prepared in this work can decompose at low temperatures due to its thin thickness, and the exposed Ni will accelerate the carbonization of surrounding organic groups, resulting in the formation of smaller and uniformly distributed thin carbon-armored Ni@TC NPs at lower temperature. Serving as a Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER) electrocatalyst, Ni@TC NPs demonstrate exceptional electrocatalytic performance (low overpotential of 36.6 mV at 10 mA cm−2, and low Tafel slope of 91.06 mV dec−1), and long-term stability (over 50 h at 440 mA cm−2). The electronic modulation between the thin carbon armor and the metal center endows Ni@TC NPs with excellent kinetic performance, while the carbon armor provides protection in alkaline environments. In addition, the small and dense bubbles that quickly escape greatly reduce the bubble shielding and oscillation effects on the electrode surface, enabling Ni@TC NPs to work stably under high currents.
This study modified Ni MOFs by adding a small amount of water, creating thin carbon-coated Ni catalysts (Ni@TC NPs) via low-temperature pyrolysis. The electronic synergy between nano-Ni and thin carbon layers enhances their performance and stability in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The quick release of small bubbles minimizes surface disturbances, ensuring stable operation even at high currents. Display omitted
•Efficient 2D Ni MOFs and thin carbon-armored Ni catalysts synthesized.•Demonstrated remarkable stability in the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER), linked to understanding gas bubble behavior.•Emphasized the impact of gas bubble dynamics, even under challenging high-current conditions.
Chalcohalides not only keep the balance between the nonlinear optical (NLO) coefficient and wide band gap, but also provide a promising solution to achieve sufficient birefringence for phase‐matching ...ability in NLO crystals. In this study, a novel chalcohalide, Cs4Zn5P6S18I2 (1) is successfully synthesized, by incorporating the highly electropositive Cs and the large electronegative I element into the zinc thiophosphate. Its 3D open framework features an edge‐shared by distorted ZnS4, ethanol‐like P2S6, and unusual ZnS2I2 polyhedrons, which is inconsistent with the soft‐hard‐acids‐bases theory. Remarkably, compound 1 simultaneously exhibits the large second‐harmonic generation (SHG, 1.1×AgGaS2, @1.3 µm) and a wide band gap (3.75 eV) toward a high laser‐induced damage threshold (16.7×AgGaS2, @1.06 µm), satisfying the rigorous requirements for a prominent infrared NLO material with concurrent SHG intensity (≥0.5×AGS) and band gap (≥3.5 eV). Moreover, to the best of the knowledge, the experimental result shows that phase 1 has the largest birefringence (0.108, @546 nm) in chalcohalide and meets phase‐matching behavior demand originating from the polarizable anisotropy of NLO‐functional motifs. This finding may provide great opportunities for designing birefringent chalcohalides.
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