This study considers the price convergence in different regions of China, which is the largest developing country in the world and a country in which the regional difference is much larger between ...provinces. Whether there is price convergence between regions in one country is an important economic issue according to the Law of One Price (LOP) theory. Compared to previous studies, this article operates with the Sequential Panel Selection Method (SPSM) to explore the non-stationary properties of the LOP in China's regions. We provide robust evidence to specify that the LOP holds true for two-thirds of the provinces in China, mainly in the Western and Central regions. This means that the Eastern region's price fluctuation is non-stationary and that the consumer price index (CPI) levels of the Western, Central and Northeastern regions are relatively convergent in China. The conduction path of the CPI level is from the Eastern region to the other regions. It shows that prices can converge with each other by LOP and the values of the same goods in the Western and Central regions are equal and if there is a price difference, then it can be eliminated by interregional trade.
In this study, we apply a stationarity test with a flexible Fourier function proposed by Enders and Lee (2012) to test the stationarity of the deficit–GDP ratio in China. We find that our ...approximation has a higher power to detect U-shaped breaks and to smooth breaks than the linear method if the true data-generating process of the deficit–GDP ratio convergence is, in fact, a stationary non-linear process. The results show that the stationarity for fiscal policy varies across different regions and that the deficit–GDP ratio of half of the regions is stationary. The results related to the budget structural balance and the fiscal deficit indicate no expansion in the Eastern and Central regions. We find that China's provinces in these two regions meet the stability theory of fiscal policy in the current stage of development. The deficit–GDP ratio is not stationary in the Western and Northeastern regions. These results indicate that the fiscal deficits in these regions are expanding and cannot be controlled by automatic market adjustment, and the government should therefore avoid deficit expansion in favor of a balanced budget policy.
•Apply flexible Fourier function to test the stationarity of the deficit–GDP ratio in China.•The budget structural balance and the fiscal deficit indicate no expansion in the Eastern and Central regions.•China's provinces meet the stability theory of fiscal policy in the current stage of development.•The deficit–GDP ratio is not stationary in the Western and Northeastern regions.•The fiscal deficits are expanding and cannot be controlled by automatic market adjustment.
IS CHINA’S URBANIZATION CONVERGENT? LIU, TIE-YING; SU, CHI-WEI; JIANG, XU-ZHAO
Singapore economic review,
12/2016, Letnik:
61, Številka:
5
Journal Article
Recenzirano
In this study, we apply a stationarity test with a flexible Fourier function proposed by Enders and Lee Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 74 (2012) 574–599 to test the convergence of ...China’s urbanization. We find that our approximation has greater power to detect U-shaped and smooth breaks than the linear method if the urbanization is, in fact, a stationary non-linear process. It shows that the stationarity of the urbanization level varies across different regions where urbanization levels are convergent mainly in the middle- and low-income regions in China, while the high-income regions’ urbanization is divergent. This, in turn, shows that most of the regions, especially high-income regions, have their own economic evolution rules due to the degree of openness in the economy and urbanization process.
To study the relationship between the changes of inflammation-associated factors, C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), white blood cell (WBC) and ...neutrophils, and the severity in children with Mycoplasma pneomoniae pneumonia (MPP).
Ninety-two children with acute MPP consisting of 52 cases with concomitant systemic inflammation response syndrome (SIRS) and 40 cases without SIRS were enrolled in this study. The 52 cases with concomitant SIRS were classified into two groups based on the severity of SIRS: mild SIRS (n=25) and severe SIRS (n=27). CRP, PCT, ESR and WBC count and the percentage of neutrophils (NE%) were detected on admission and one week after anti-inflammation treatment.
All of patients showed increased serum CRP contents at admission. The serum CRP contents were the highest in the severe SIRS group, followed by the mild SIRS and non-SIRS groups on admission (P < 0.05 or 0.01). The serum CRP contents were reduced in all of patients after 1-week treatm
This paper analyzes the evolution of Chinese marine economic development policy and the characteristics of regional differentiation in the coastal regions. The contributions of the elements of the ...marine economy to regional economic growth in China are deduced by using a multi-factor production function model with a constant elasticity of substitution. The results indicate that the contribution of the Chinese marine economy to the national economy increased from 6.46% to 13.83% between 2000 and 2011, and the average annual growth rate during that same period was 7.17%. This contribution mainly resulted from marine capital׳s contribution to the national economy, which amounted to roughly two-thirds of the marine economy׳s contribution to the national economy. With respect to regional differentiation, the contributions of the marine economy to the regional economies in China are ranked by region from greatest to least as follows: the Circum-Bohai Sea Region, the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta region. Finally, Liaoning׳s marine economy made the largest contribution to the national economy from 2000 to 2011.
•The contributions of the elements of the marine economy to regional economic growth in China are highlighted.•Between 2000 and 2011, the contribution of the Chinese marine economy to the national economy increased from 6.46% to 13.83%.•The contributions of local marine economies to their regional economies are diverse.•The ratio of marine capital and labor contribution to national economic growth is 2:1.
This paper introduces parallel feature of the GPU, which will help GPU parallel computation methods to achieve the parallelization of PSO parallel path search process; and reduce the increasingly ...high problem of PSO (PSO: Particle Swarm Optimization) in time and space complexity. The experimental results show: comparing with CPU mode, GPU platform calculation improves the search rate and shortens the calculation time.
IS CHINA'S URBANIZATION CONVERGENT? Liu, Tie-Ying; Su, Chi-Wei; Jiang, Xu-Zhao
Singapore economic review,
12/2016, Letnik:
61, Številka:
5
Journal Article
Recenzirano
In this study, we apply a stationarity test with a flexible Fourier function proposed by Enders and Lee Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 74 (2012) 574-599 to test the convergence of ...China's urbanization. We find that our approximation has greater power to detect U-shaped and smooth breaks than the linear method if the urbanization is, in fact, a stationary non-linear process. It shows that the stationarity of the urbanization level varies across different regions where urbanization levels are convergent mainly in the middle- and low-income regions in China, while the high-income regions' urbanization is divergent. This, in turn, shows that most of the regions, especially high-income regions, have their own economic evolution rules due to the degree of openness in the economy and urbanization process. web URL: http://www.worldscientific.com/doi/abs/10.1142/S0217590815500587
Effect of Postharvest UV-C Irradiation on Phenolic Compound Content and Antioxidant Activity of Tomato Fruit During Storage Liu Changhong, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou (China), College of Biosystem Engineering and Food Science; Cai Luyun, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou (China), College of Biosystem Engineering and Food Science; Lu Xianying, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou (China), College of Biosystem Engineering and Food Science
Agricultural sciences in China,
2012, Jan. 2012, 2012-01-01, 2012-01-00, Letnik:
11, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Mature-green tomato fruit （Solanum lycopersicum cv. Zhenfen 202） were exposed to different UV-C irradiation at 2, 4, 8, and 16 kJ m-2 and then stored under the dark at 14°C and 95% relative humidity ...（RH） for 35 d. Of these four doses, UV-C irradiation at 4 and 8 kJ m-2 significantly increased total phenolic contents in present tomato fruit by 21.2 and 20.2%, respectively. Furthermore, UV-C irradiation at 4 or 8 kJ m-2 promoted the accumulation of total flavonoids and increased the antioxidant activity. 2 or 16 kJ m-2 UV-C irradiation also enhanced antioxidant activity, but to a lesser extent. Seven phenolic compounds, viz., gallic acid, （＋）-catechin, chlorogenic acid, cafferic acid, syringic acid, p-coumaric acid, and quercetin in tomato fruit were identified and quantified by HPLC. Gallic acid was the major phenolic compound in tomato fruit and significantly correlated with antioxidant activity. 4 or 8 kJ m-2 UV-C irradiation significantly increased the contents of gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, syringic acid, p-coumaric acid, and quercetin. The optimum dose of UV-C irradiation in terms of increased phenolic compound content and enhanced Antioxidant activity was determined to be 4 or 8 kJ m-2.
Au/FeOx-TiO2,prepared by deposition-precipitation method,is an efficient and stable catalyst for the liquid phase selective hydrogenation of phthalic anhydride to phthalide under mild reaction ...conditions.
Perceived insufficient milk supply (PIMS) is one of the major reasons for discontinued breastfeeding. We aimed to estimate the rates and evaluate related factors of PIMS. We searched four databases ...for relevant articles published from January 2000 to March 2021. We then performed a meta‐analysis of the pooled data to estimate the rates and related factors of PIMS using Stata 15.0. Descriptive analyses of textual data were performed to summarise the related factors of PIMS if data could not be synthesised quantitatively. The quality of included studies was assessed using Newcastle–Ottawa scale (NOS), AHRQ checklist or Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ). Overall, 27 studies were included in this review. At different periods after delivery, approximately 50% of mothers reported PIMS as the reason for stopping breastfeeding, while for breastfeeding mothers, the incidence of PIMS ranged from 10% to 25%. Breastfeeding initiation (OR 4.22, 95%CI 1.57–11.34) and breastfeeding knowledge (OR 7.10, 95%CI 2.00–25.26) were two factors influencing PIMS. Besides, PIMS had a strong negative relationship with breastfeeding self‐efficacy (r = −0.57); moderate negative association with infant suck ability (r = −0.46) and planned breastfeeding duration (r = −0.45); and a moderate positive correlation with formula supplementation (r = 0.42). Descriptive analyses revealed that infant crying was reported to be a sign of PIMS, and inadequate intake of energy/liquids was a reported cause of it. This review identified a high proportion of women reporting PIMS, particularly among those who stopped breastfeeding. Deliberate interventions were needed to improve breastfeeding for mothers at risk.
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