Zebrafish are widely considered an excellent vertebrate model for studying the pathogenesis of human diseases because of their transparency of embryonic development, easy breeding, high similarity ...with human genes, and easy gene manipulation. Previous studies have shown that zebrafish as a model organism provides an ideal operating platform for clarifying the pathological and molecular mechanisms of neurodegenerative diseases and related human diseases. This review mainly summarizes the achievements and prospects of zebrafish used as model organisms in the research of neurodegenerative diseases and other human diseases related to the nervous system in recent years. In the future study of human disease mechanisms, the application of the zebrafish model will continue to provide a valuable operating platform and technical support for investigating and finding better prevention and treatment of these diseases, which has broad application prospects and practical significance.
Graphical Abstract
Zebrafish models used in neurodegenerative diseases and other diseases related to the nervous system
La(Fe, Si)13-based compounds are well-known magnetocaloric materials, which show a pronounced negative thermal expansion (NTE) around the Curie temperature but have not been considered as NTE ...materials for industrial applications. The NaZn13-type LaFe13–x Si x and LaFe11.5–x Co x Si1.5 compounds were synthesized, and their linear NTE properties were investigated. By optimizing the chemical composition, the sharp volume change in La(Fe, Si)13-based compounds was successfully modified into continuous expansion. By increasing the amount of Co dopant in LaFe11.5–x Co x Si1.5, the NTE shifts toward a higher temperature region, and also the NTE operation-temperature window becomes broader. Typically, the linear NTE coefficient identified in the LaFe10.5Co1.0Si1.5 compound reaches as much as −26.1 × 10–6 K–1, with an operation-temperature window of 110 K from 240 to 350 K, which includes room temperature. Such control of the specific composition and the NTE properties of La(Fe, Si)13-based compounds suggests their potential application as NTE materials.
As nano-scale biological vesicles, extracellular vesicles (EVs)/exosomes, in particular, exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-exosomes), have been studied in the diagnosis, prevention, ...and treatment of many diseases. In addition, through the combination of nanotechnology and biotechnology, exosomes have emerged as innovative tools for the development of nanomedicine. This review focuses on a profound summarization of MSC-exosomes as a powerful tool in bionanomedicine. It systemically summarizes the role of MSC-exosomes as a nanocarrier, drug loading and tissue engineering, and their potential contribution in a series of diseases as well as the advantages of exosomes over stem cells and synthetic nanoparticles and potential disadvantages. The in-depth understanding of the functions and mechanisms of exosomes provides insights into the basic research and clinical transformation in the field of nanomedicine.
A gentle method is used to treat the precursor to induce the doping of SO4 2– and Ni2+. The doped SO4 2– induces the formation of oxygen vacancies and defects, which are beneficial for inhibition of ...the loss of O2–, stabilization of the structure, and amelioration of voltage decay, and the doped Ni2+ increases the degree of lithium nickel mixing and significantly increases the midvoltage. After modification, the specific discharge capacity reaches 305.20 mAh g–1, with a Coulombic efficiency of 86.20% (the specific discharge capacity and Coulombic efficiency of the original material are only 276.50 mAh g–1 and 77.30%, respectively). In addition, the cycle performance is also significantly improved, and the discharge midvoltage is dramatically increased from 2.74 to 3.00 V after 350 cycles at a large current density of 1C due to the dual-ion synergistic effect. In summary, these results show that the materials exhibit not only a more stable structure but also better electrochemical performance after modification.
Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress play a key role in ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) induced brain injury. We previously showed that ubiquilin-1 (Ubqln1), a ubiquitin-like protein, improves ...proteostasis and protects brains against oxidative stress and I/R induced brain injury. We demonstrate here that nialamide (NM), a non-selective monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor, upregulated Ublqn1 and protected neurons from oxygen-glucose deprivation- and I/R-caused cell death in in vitro and in vivo, respectively. Post-ischemic administration of the NM in a stroke mouse model even at 3 h following I/R still reduced neuronal injury and improved functional recovery and survival. Treating stroke animals with NM also increased the association of Ubqln1 with mitochondria and decreased the total oxidized and polyubiquitinated protein levels. Intriguingly, NM-enhanced proteostasis was also associated with reduced I/R-caused neuroinflammation, as reflected by attenuated activation of microglia and astrocytes as well as reduced TNF-α level. Thus, our results suggest that MAO inhibition-induced neuroprotection following I/R involves improved proteostasis and reduced neuroinflammation.
Objective
To explore the relationship between physical activity and depression among college students, as well as the mediating role of rumination and anxiety.
Methods
A total of 1,292 Chinese ...college students were investigated by physical activity questionnaire, rumination scale, self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), and depression scale.
Results
(1) There was a significant negative correlation between physical activity and depression (r = −0.399,
p
< 0.01), and the direct path of physical activity on depression was significant (
β
= −0.399,
t
= −13.374,
p
< 0.01). (2) Physical activity negatively predicted rumination (
β
= −0.322,
t
= −10.440,
p
< 0.01) and anxiety (
β
= −0.222,
t
= −7.089,
p
< 0.01). Rumination positively predicted anxiety (
β
= 0.283,
t
= 9.017,
p
< 0.01) and depression (
β
= 0.267,
t
= 9.046,
p
< 0.01). Anxiety positively predicted depression (
β
= 0.262,
t
= 8.902,
p
< 0.01). (3) Rumination and anxiety play a significant mediating role between physical activity and depression. The mediating effect involves three paths: physical activity → rumination → depression (the mediating effect value: −0.076); physical activity → anxiety → depression (the mediating effect value: −0.052). Physical activity → rumination → anxiety → depression (the mediating effect value: −0.021).
Conclusion
(1) Physical activity can negatively predict the rumination, anxiety, and depression of college students, which means physical activity can reduce rumination, anxiety, and depression of college students. (2) Physical activity can not only directly affect the depression of college students, but also indirectly affect depression through the independent intermediary role of rumination and anxiety, and the chain mediation of rumination and anxiety.
In this paper, the prelithiation graphite electrode material as a cathode material for rechargeable aluminum ion batteries was first successfully synthesized by treated with n-butyllithium. The ...morphology and microstructure of the electrode materials were characterized by SEM and TEM, respectively. The energy storage mechanism of aluminum ion batteries was confirmed by ex-situ XPS. It is found that not only AlCl4− but also Al3+ could also be intercalated and deintercalated into the prelithium graphite electrode material. The CV result clearly shows that the Graphite-Li electrode material has two pairs of redox peaks, which can be attributed to the AlCl4− and Al3+ intercalation and deintercalation into the electrode materials, respectively. In addition, the discharge specific capacity of Graphite-Li (68.2 mAh g−1) is significantly higher than Graphite (49.2 mAh g−1) at the currert density of 200 mA g−1. The discharge capacity of Graphite-Li can still reach 64 mAh g−1 even after 500 cycles with a coulombic efficiency close to 100%. Such remarkable electrochemical performance is attributed to the fact that the interlayer spacing is improved by prelithiation treatment which reduces the electrostatic effect between Al3+ or AlCl4− and electrode materials.
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Room temperature sodium-sulfur battery has special research value due to the low cost of sulfur resource and its high specific capacity. However, the cathode material of the room temperature ...sodium-sulfur battery mainly combines carbon materials and elemental sulfur now, and the utilization of the sulfur is low. Herein, a two-dimensional layered material Ti
3
C
2
T
x
was prepared. The cathode material of Ti
3
C
2
T
x
@S was prepared by a simple melting method at 155 °C, and the mass percentage of the sublimed sulfur was 55%. Then, the valence states of Ti and C were characterized by XPS after loading the sublimed sulfur. The results indicated that a part of Ti
3+
turned into the Ti
4+
, and some C–S bonds were formed. Additionally, the electrochemical properties of Ti
3
C
2
T
x
@S were studied in sodium-ion battery under ambient conditions. The battery exhibited excellent rates performance, the first discharge specific capacity was 447.0 mAh g
−1
, and a specific capacity of 120.0 mAh g
−1
was maintained at the current density of 1000 mA g
−1
. In addition, Ti
3
C
2
T
x
@S demonstrated excellent cycle stability in room temperature sodium-sulfur battery. In the case of a current density of 100 mA g
−1
, the discharge specific capacity was maintained at 150.0 mAh g
−1
after 300 cycles, and the capacity retention rate was 80% from the second cycle. For the electrode, the specific capacity still remained 107.7 mAh g
−1
after 150 cycles.
To explore the relationship between physical exercise and college students' social adaptability, as well as the mediating role of social-emotional competency and self-esteem.
One thousand two hundred ...thirty college students were investigated by physical exercise questionnaire, social-emotional competency scale, self-esteem scale, and social adaptability scale. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis, structural equation model test and deviation-corrected percentile Bootstrap method.
(1) Physical exercise was positively correlated with social adaptability (
= 0.397,
< 0.01), and the direct path of physical exercise on social adaptability was significant (
= 0.397,
= 15.174,
< 0.01). (2) Physical exercise positively predicted social-emotional competency (
= 0.399,
= 15.235,
< 0.01) and self-esteem (
= 0.305,
= 10.570,
< 0.01). Social-emotional competency positively predicted self-esteem (
= 0.130,
= 4.507,
< 0.01) and social adaptability (
= 0.169,
= 6.104,
< 0.01). Self-esteem positively predicted social adaptability (
= 0.189,
= 6.957,
< 0.01). (3) Social-emotional competency and self-esteem play a significant mediating role between physical exercise and social adaptability. The mediating effect includes three paths: physical exercise→social-emotional competency→social adaptability (the mediating effect value: 0.068); physical exercise→self-esteem→social adaptability (the mediating effect value: 0.059). Physical exercise→social-emotional competency→self-esteem→social adaptability (the mediating effect value: 0.010).
Physical exercise can not only directly affect social adaptability of college students, but also indirectly affect social adaptability through the independent intermediary role of social-emotional competency and self-esteem. Furthermore, physical exercise also affect social adaptability through the chain mediation of social-emotional competency and self-esteem.
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