In the last 30 years, the migration process in Spain has significantly intensified and has become one of the most important and widespread events in Spanish society. Based on the population data of ...the Spanish National Database from 2000 to 2020, this paper attempts to link the population structure and population dynamics, and is committed to analyzing the evolution of international immigration in Spain in recent years, so as to analyze its impact on Spain’s current population structure and labor market. influences.
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•A dynamic MFA model for quantifying national PVC stocks and flows.•Comprehensive characterization of the PVC cycle in China.•Seven consumption sectors and five end-use categories for ...analyzing PVC cycle.•PVC use and waste dramatically increased in last thirty-five years.•Trajectories of PVC use and waste generation by 2050.
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is a widely consumed plastic material and may lead various environmental pollutions. China produces and consumes the largest amount of PVC material in the world, owing to its rapid urbanization and economic growth. Herein, we establish a dynamic material flow analysis methodology for quantifying PVC stocks and flows in China, including material input, manufacturing and consumption distribution, and waste management stage. We examine the material flow of PVC in China from 1980 to 2015. The PVC trajectory analysis from 2016 to 2050 is based on the historical PVC material consumption data and scenario analysis. Total amount of PVC consumption in all types of products dramatically increased from 0.4 Mt (0.4 kg/capita) in 1980 to 14.5 Mt (10.7 kg/capita) in 2015, with a cumulative amount of 173.7 Mt. The rapid increase of PVC consumption in China significantly accelerated the PVC waste accumulation, reaching 66.3 Mt, accounting for 38.2% of total PVC use from 1980 to 2015. Building & construction sector has the largest PVC in-use stock, while consumer goods sector generated the largest PVC waste. In recent fifteen years, mechanical recycling, chemical recycling, incineration, and landfill of PVC waste ratios are 25.5%, 0.8%, 9.3%, and 36.0%, respectively. The PVC trajectory analysis shows that by the end of 2050, the accumulative PVC waste in China will be 508.6 Mt in the limited growth scenario and 562.0 Mt in the business as usual scenario. Based on the MFA results, policies for improving PVC recycling system were analyzed in this work.
Platelet-derived growth factors (PDGFs) are basic proteins stored in the α granules of platelets. PDGFs and their receptors (PDGFRs) are widely expressed in platelets, fibroblasts, vascular ...endothelial cells, platelets, pericytes, smooth muscle cells and tumor cells. The activation of PDGFR plays a number of critical roles in physiological functions and diseases, including normal embryonic development, cellular differentiation, and responses to tissue damage. In recent years, emerging experimental evidence has shown that activation of the PDGF/PDGFR pathway is involved in the development of diabetes and its complications, such as atherosclerosis, diabetic foot ulcers, diabetic nephropathy, and retinopathy. Research on targeting PDGF/PDGFR as a treatment has also made great progress. In this mini-review, we summarized the role of PDGF in diabetes, as well as the research progress on targeted diabetes therapy, which provides a new strategy for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
•PDGF/PDGFR pathway is aberrantly activated in type 2 diabetes.•PDGF promotes insulin resistance and pancreatic β cell proliferation.•PDGF promotes diabetic wound healing.•PDGF promotes atherosclerosis.•PDGF is an important stimulator of proliferative diabetic retinopathy.
Highlights
A core–sheath structured phase change nanocomposite (PCN) with aligned and overlapping interconnected BNNS networks were successfully fabricated.
The PCN has an ultrahigh in-plane thermal ...conductivity (28.3 W m
−1
K
−1
), excellent flexibility and high phase change enthalpy (101 J g
−1
).
The PCN exhibits intensively potential applications in the thermal management of 5G base stations and thermoelectric generators.
Thermal management has become a crucial problem for high-power-density equipment and devices. Phase change materials (PCMs) have great prospects in thermal management applications because of their large capacity of heat storage and isothermal behavior during phase transition. However, low intrinsic thermal conductivity, ease of leakage, and lack of flexibility severely limit their applications. Solving one of these problems often comes at the expense of other performance of the PCMs. In this work, we report core–sheath structured phase change nanocomposites (PCNs) with an aligned and interconnected boron nitride nanosheet network by combining coaxial electrospinning, electrostatic spraying, and hot-pressing. The advanced PCN films exhibit an ultrahigh thermal conductivity of 28.3 W m
−1
K
−1
at a low BNNS loading (i.e., 32 wt%), which thereby endows the PCNs with high enthalpy (> 101 J g
−1
), outstanding ductility (> 40%) and improved fire retardancy. Therefore, our core–sheath strategies successfully balance the trade-off between thermal conductivity, flexibility, and phase change enthalpy of PCMs. Further, the PCNs provide powerful cooling solutions on 5G base station chips and thermoelectric generators, displaying promising thermal management applications on high-power-density equipment and thermoelectric conversion devices.
Flexible thermoelectric generators can power wearable electronics by harvesting body heat. However, existing thermoelectric materials rarely realize high flexibility and output properties ...simultaneously. Here we present a facile, cost-effective, and scalable two-step impregnation method for fabricating a three-dimensional thermoelectric network with excellent elasticity and superior thermoelectric performance. The reticular construction endows this material with ultra-light weight (0.28 g cm
), ultra-low thermal conductivity (0.04 W m
K
), moderate softness (0.03 MPa), and high elongation (>100%). The obtained network-based flexible thermoelectric generator achieves a pretty high output power of 4 μW cm
, even comparable to state-of-the-art bulk-based flexible thermoelectric generators.
This paper presents a locally resonant metamaterial periodically rearranged as a local resonator, that is hexagonal holes arranged in a thin plate replace the elastic local resonator to achieve the ...quantum valley Hall effect. Due to the C3v symmetry in the primitive hexagonal lattice, one Dirac point emerges at high symmetry points in the Brillouin zone in the sub-wavelength area. Rotating the beam element of the resonator can break the spatial inversion symmetry to lift the Dirac degeneracy and form a new bandgap. Thus, the band inversion is discovered by computing the relationship between the associated bandgap and the rotational parameter. We also confirmed this result by analyzing the vortex chirality and calculating the Chern number. We can discover two kinds of edge states in the projected band obtained by computing the supercell composed of different topological microstructures. Finally, the propagation behavior in various heterostructures at low frequencies was analyzed. It is shown that these valley Hall elastic insulators can guide elastic waves along sharp interfaces and are immune to backscattering from defects or disorder. By utilizing elastic resonators, a simple reconfigurable topological elastic metamaterial is realized in the sub-wavelength area.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcomes of oblique lumbar interbody fusion (OLIF) to perform in L4/5 degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis ...(DLS) patients who diagnosed with osteopenia.
Methods
From December 2018 to 2021 March, 94 patients were diagnosed with degenerative spondylolisthesis underwent OLIF and divided into two groups with different bone mineral density. Anterolateral screw and rod instrumentation was applied in two groups. The primary outcomes were VAS, JOA and ODI. The secondary outcomes included disc height (DH), cross-sectional height of the intervertebral foramina (CSH), cross-sectional area of the dural sac (CSA), lumbar lordorsis (LL), pelvic titlt (PT), pelvic incidence (PI) and sacrum slop (SS).
Results
All patients finished at least 1 years follow-up with 21.05 ± 4.42 months in the group A and 21.09 ± 4.28 months in the group B. The clinical symptoms were evaluated by VAS, JOA and ODI and 94 patients showed good outcomes at final follow-up (
P
< 0.05), with significant increases in DH, CSH and CSA. In group A, DH increased from 8.54 ± 2.48 to 11.11 ± 2.63 mm, while increased from 8.60 ± 2.29 to 11.23 ± 1.88 were recorded in group B. No statistical difference was found in DH between the two groups (
P
> 0.05). The cage subsidence was 1.14 ± 0.83 mm in group A and 0.87 ± 1.05 mm in group B (
P
> 0.05). There was no significant difference in the adjusted parameters of spino-pelvic between two groups (
P
> 0.05).
Conclusion
Oblique lumbar interbody fusion with anterolateral screw and rod instrumentation is feasible to be performed in osteopenia patients who diagnosed with degenerative spondylolisthesis.
Seeking high‐capacity, high‐rate, and durable anode materials for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) has been a crucial aspect to promote the use of electric vehicles and other portable electronics. Here, ...a novel alloy‐forming approach to convert amorphous Si (a‐Si)‐coated copper oxide (CuO) core–shell nanowires (NWs) into hollow and highly interconnected Si–Cu alloy (mixture) nanotubes is reported. Upon a simple H2 annealing, the CuO cores are reduced and diffused out to alloy with the a‐Si shell, producing highly interconnected hollow Si–Cu alloy nanotubes, which can serve as high‐capacity and self‐conductive anode structures with robust mechanical support. A high specific capacity of 1010 mAh g−1 (or 780 mAh g−1) has been achieved after 1000 cycles at 3.4 A g−1 (or 20 A g−1), with a capacity retention rate of ≈84% (≈88%), without the use of any binder or conductive agent. Remarkably, they can survive an extremely fast charging rate at 70 A g−1 for 35 runs (corresponding to one full cycle in 30 s) and recover 88% capacity. This novel alloy‐nanotube structure could represent an ideal candidate to fulfill the true potential of Si‐loaded LIB applications.
A novel highly interconnected Si–Cu alloy (mixture) nanotube anode structure is fabricated from amorphous Si‐coated copper‐oxide core–shell nanowires in a simple H2 reduction process. The anode materials show a high specific capacity of 780 mAh g−1 after 1000 cycles at 20 A g−1, without the use of any binder or conductive agent.
Nuclear envelope membrane proteins (NEMPs) are a conserved family of nuclear envelope (NE) proteins that reside within the inner nuclear membrane (INM). Even though Nemp1 knockout (KO) mice are ...overtly normal, they display a pronounced splenomegaly. This phenotype and recent reports describing a requirement for NE openings during erythroblasts terminal maturation led us to examine a potential role for Nemp1 in erythropoiesis. Here, we report that Nemp1 KO mice show peripheral blood defects, anemia in neonates, ineffective erythropoiesis, splenomegaly, and stress erythropoiesis. The erythroid lineage of Nemp1 KO mice is overrepresented until the pronounced apoptosis of polychromatophilic erythroblasts. We show that NEMP1 localizes to the NE of erythroblasts and their progenitors. Mechanistically, we discovered that NEMP1 accumulates into aggregates that localize near or at the edge of NE openings and Nemp1 deficiency leads to a marked decrease of both NE openings and ensuing enucleation. Together, our results for the first time demonstrate that NEMP1 is essential for NE openings and erythropoietic maturation in vivo and provide the first mouse model of defective erythropoiesis directly linked to the loss of an INM protein.
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