Fibroblast heterogeneity has long been recognized in mouse and human lungs, homeostasis, and disease states. However, there is no common consensus on fibroblast subtypes, lineages, biological ...properties, signaling, and plasticity, which severely hampers our understanding of the mechanisms of fibrosis. To comprehensively classify fibroblast populations in the lung using an unbiased approach, single-cell RNA sequencing was performed with mesenchymal preparations from either uninjured or bleomycin-treated mouse lungs. Single-cell transcriptome analyses classified and defined six mesenchymal cell types in normal lung and seven in fibrotic lung. Furthermore, delineation of their differentiation trajectory was achieved by a machine learning method. This collection of single-cell transcriptomes and the distinct classification of fibroblast subsets provide a new resource for understanding the fibroblast landscape and the roles of fibroblasts in fibrotic diseases.
Display omitted
•Distinct MC subtypes were defined by single-cell transcriptome analysis•Lipofibroblasts were identified•Fibrotic Pdgfrb high MC subtype emerges post-injury•Integrative analysis of MC trajectories was constructed by machine learning
Xie et al. have analyzed mesenchymal cell subpopulations at single-cell resolution and have demonstrated known subtypes and a newly emerging subtype during pulmonary fibrosis in mouse lung.
Deep mining in the Jiaojia gold mine area has changed the chemical and flow characteristics of the groundwater there. We studied the relationship between the influent water sources and mine water, as ...well as the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics and evolution of groundwater chemistry using Piper diagrams, ion proportional coefficient analysis, and grey correlation analysis. The history and predicted groundwater chemical characteristics in the Jiaojia gold mine area were evaluated and a new method of researching the evolution of groundwater chemical characteristics was proposed that can more intuitively evaluate and predict vertical water sources. The main water inflow (inrush) source in the deep mine was shown to be water in the fractured fault footwall, followed by water in the fractured fault hanging wall. Due to mining, the hanging wall and footwall fractured aquifers now have a close hydraulic connection. As mining depth increases, permeability pathways between the seawater and mine water may be formed, causing higher concentrations of major ions near the Jiaojia fault zone and gold mines than in other areas.
The theoretical framework of limited dependent variable models is extended to accommodate a shifting character and thus fit the distribution of train journey time on sections of urban rail network. ...Data of actual train arrival and departure time at each station are used to calculate the journey time of each railway interval of multi-class trains. The log-normal distribution and normal distribution among a group of theoretical distributions are the most and second most suitable latent distributions of the train interval journey time in the censored models with shifting character. This modified distribution is described by four parameters, namely, the expectation and variance of the latent distribution and the upper and lower bound of the migration interval. The square root of the least square measurement (SRLSM) is taken as a measure, and a traversal search is adopted to determine the above four parameters according to the SRLSM. The average of the SRLSM of the theoretical train interval journey time distribution obtained by using the proposed method on all railway sections is 0.0905. The theoretical framework is the basis of storing hidden rules in data instead of past data of train travel time and optimizing the existing management of rail transit operation.
Microplastics (MPs) have aroused widespread concern due to their extensive distribution in aquatic environments and adverse effects on aquatic organisms. However, the underlying toxicity of different ...kinds of MPs on freshwater microalgae has not been examined in detail. In this study, we investigated the effects of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polystyrene (PS) and polyethylene (PE) MPs on the growth of Microcystis aeruginosa, as well as on its toxin production and oxidative stress. We found that all three kinds of MPs had an obvious inhibition effect on the growth of M. aeruginosa. Considering the results of antioxidant-related indicators, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), and cell membrane integrity were greatly affected with exposure to PVC, PS and PE MPs. Moreover, the content of intracellular (intra-) and extracellular (extra-) microcystins (MCs) had a noticeable increase due to the presence of PVC, PS, and PE MPs. Finally, according to the comprehensive stress resistance indicators, the resistance of M. aeruginosa to three MPs followed the order: PE (3.701)> PS (3.607)> PVC (2.901). Our results provide insights into the effects of different kinds of MPs on freshwater algae and provide valuable data for risk assessment of different types of MPs.
Display omitted
•PVC, PS, and PE MPs all had an obvious inhibition effect on M. aeruginosa growth.•All three MPs can cause oxidation stress and cell membrane destruction.•All three MPs can promote the production and release of MCs.•The resistance of M. aeruginosa to three MPs was followed PE> PS> PVC.
Nanoplastics are widely distributed in freshwater environments, but few studies have addressed their effects on freshwater algae, especially on harmful algae. In this study, the effects of ...polystyrene (PS) nanoplastics on
Microcystis aeruginosa
(
M. aeruginosa
) growth, as well as microcystin (MC) production and release, were investigated over the whole growth period. The results show that PS nanoplastics caused a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on
M. aeruginosa
growth and a dose-dependent increase in the aggregation rate peaking at 60.16% and 46.34%, respectively, when the PS nanoplastic concentration was 100 mg/L. This caused significant growth of
M. aeruginosa
with a specific growth rate up to 0.41 d
−1
(50 mg/L PS nanoplastics). After a brief period of rapid growth, the tested algal cells steadily grew. In addition, the increase in PS nanoplastics concentration promoted the production and release of MC. When the PS nanoplastic concentration was 100 mg/L, the content of the intracellular (intra-) and extracellular (extra-) MC increased to 199.1 and 166.5 μg/L, respectively, on day 26, which was 31.4% and 31.1% higher, respectively, than the control. Our results provide insights into the action mechanism of nanoplastics on harmful algae and the potential risks to freshwater environments.
Protein modification by chemical reagents has played an essential role in the treatment of human diseases. However, the reagents currently used are limited to the covalent modification of cysteine ...and lysine residues. It is thus desirable to develop novel methods that can covalently modify other residues. Despite the fact that the carboxyl residues are crucial for maintaining the protein function, few selective labeling reactions are currently available. Here, we describe a novel reactive probe, 3-phenyl-2H-azirine, that enables chemoselective modification of carboxyl groups in proteins under both in vitro and in situ conditions with excellent efficiency. Furthermore, proteome-wide profiling of reactive carboxyl residues was performed with a quantitative chemoproteomic platform.
In this paper, we first investigate the existence of a periodic solution to interval general bidirectional associative memory (BAM) neural networks with multiple delays on time scales by the ...continuation theorem of coincidence degree theory. Then, by constructing a Lyapunov functional, we discuss the global exponential stability of the periodic solution for such neural networks on time scales. The paper unifies periodic discrete-time and continuous-time BAM neural networks under the same framework.
Trace metal(loid)s (TMs) in soils can seriously threaten the ecological environment and human health. With the limitation of resources and costs, determining priority control factor is critical for ...managing soil TM pollution. To explore the pollution characteristics, source apportionment, and human health risk of TMs, a total of 209 surface soil samples were collected from Anqing City, China. Results showed that all the average values of TM concentration, except for Cr, were higher than their corresponding background value. Using a Positive matrix factorization model coupled with Correlation analysis, four sources (including agricultural sources, atmospheric deposition sources, industrial sources, and natural sources) were identified as the determinants for the accumulation of soil TMs, with the contribution rates of 12.4%, 8.1%, 64.1%, and 15.4%, respectively. The assessment of probabilistic health risks revealed that Non- carcinogenic risks of all populations were acceptable (HI < 1), while Carcinogenic risks were all at a high level (TCR > 10E-04). Agricultural pollution and As were identified as priority control factors, according to the analysis results of the relationship among TMs, pollution sources and health risks. Our findings provide scientific support for decision-makers to formulate target control policies and reduce management costs of soil pollution.
Display omitted
•Pollution sources were identified by combing PMF model and correlation analysis.•Develop a source-oriented method to assess human health risk.•The NCR for all populations was negligible, while the CR cannot be negligible.•Determination of priority control factors for the management of soil TMs.
In this paper, we first discuss the existence of a unique equilibrium point of a generalized Cohen–Grossberg BAM neural networks of neutral type delays by means of the Homeomorphism theory and ...inequality technique. Then, by applying the existence result of an equilibrium point and constructing a Lyapunov functional, we study the global asymptotic stability of the equilibrium solution to the above Cohen–Grossberg BAM neural networks of neutral type. In our results, the hypothesis for boundedness in the existing paper, which discussed Cohen–Grossberg neural networks of neutral type on the activation functions, are removed. Finally, we give an example to demonstrate the validity of our global asymptotic stability result for the above neural networks.
Osteoarthritis (OA) is characterized by degenerative lesions in articular cartilage and becomes increasingly difficult to treat as the inflammatory response progresses and damage to joint cartilage ...occurs. Therefore, novel therapeutic options are required. In this study, curcumin (Cur) nanoparticles (Cur@Zn&TA) were prepared using a metal–phenol network based on Zn
2+
ions and tannic acid (TA). The poor bioavailability of Cur, caused by low and rapid metabolism, was resolved by metal–phenol network wrapping, thus prolonging the time of action of the drug. This composite nanostructure has several biological effects, including anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and chondroprotective, which are ideal for treating OA. Animal tests indicated that Cur@Zn&TA nanoparticles can be directly injected into the joint cavity to regulate the inflammatory response of OA, effectively promoting OA repair and preventing bacterial infections to achieve rapid and long-term treatment of OA.
Graphical abstract
Antimicrobial curcumin nanoparticles were developed to improve osteoarthritis.
PDF
