Marina LJUBAS Osnovna skola kneza Mislava, Kastel Sucurac UDK: 376-056.34:177.63 316.613.42-053.2-056.34 364.264-053.2:177.63 Pregledni rad Primljeno: 24. 5. 2013 Inkluzija djece s teskocama u ...redovit sustav odgoja i obrazovanja svakako je povecala broj socijalnih interakcija izmedu djece s teskocama i bez teskoca u razvoju. Medutim, vecina dosadasnjih istrazivanja upucuje na nisku prihvacenost djece s teskocama u razvoju u vrsnjackom okruzenju. Niza razina socijalne prihvacenosti moze utjecati na razvoj prijateljstva kao najvaznijeg odnosa s vrsnjacima. Ovaj rad daje pregled istrazivanja prirode pozitivnih vrsnjackih interakcija djece s teskocama u razvoju, odnosno prihvacanja i prijateljstva s djecom tipicnoga razvoja kao i s djecom koja takoder imaju poteskoce u razvoju. Djeca s teskocama u razvoju, za razliku od tipicnih vrsnjaka, cesto dozivljavaju vece poteskoce u stvaranju i odrzavanju prijateljstva. Odgoden razvoj motorickih, percepcijskih, kognitivnih, jezicnih, komunikacijskih i/ili socijalnih vjestina vjerojatno pridonosi poteskocama djece s teskocama u razvoju u stvaranju trajnih prijateljstava. Rad nudi i pregled znanstvenih spoznaja o ucinkovitosti istrazivanih strategija u cilju socijalne prihvacenosti i poticanja razvoja te odrzavanja prijateljstva. Kljucne rijeci: djeca s teskocama u razvoju, socijalna prihvacenost, prijateljstvo, vrsnjaci
Inclusion of children with disabilities into the regular education system has undoubtedly increased the number of social interactions between children with and without disability. However, most ...previous research suggests a low acceptance of children with disabilities in the peer environment. Lower levels of social acceptance can affect the development of friendship as the most important relationship with peers. This paper summarizes the results of the research of positive peer interactions of children with disabilities, acceptance and friendship with typical children as well as with children who also have disabilities. Children with disabilities, unlike typical peers, often experience greater difficulty in creating and maintaining friendships. Delayed development of motor, perceptual, cognitive, language, communication and / or social skills is likely to contribute to the difficulties of children with disabilities in creating lasting friendships. This paper provides an overview of scientific knowledge about the effectiveness of the researched strategies for social acceptance, development and maintenance of friendship. PUBLICATION ABSTRACT Reprinted by permission of Drustvena Istrazivanja
Inclusion of children with disabilities into the regular education system has undoubtedly increased the number of social interactions between children with and without disability. However, most ...previous research suggests a low acceptance of children with disabilities in the peer environment. Lower levels of social acceptance can affect the development of friendship as the most important relationship with peers. This paper summarizes the results of the research of positive peer interactions of children with disabilities, acceptance and friendship with typical children as well as with children who also have disabilities. Children with disabilities, unlike typical peers, often experience greater difficulty in creating and maintaining friendships. Delayed development of motor, perceptual, cognitive, language, communication and / or social skills is likely to contribute to the difficulties of children with disabilities in creating lasting friendships. This paper provides an overview of scientific knowledge about the effectiveness of the researched strategies for social acceptance, development and maintenance of friendship. . Adapted from the source document.
Inclusion of children with disabilities into the regular education system has undoubtedly increased the number of social interactions between children with and without disability. However, most ...previous research suggests a low acceptance of children with disabilities in the peer environment. Lower levels of social acceptance can affect the development of friendship as the most important relationship with peers. This paper summarizes the results of the research of positive peer interactions of children with disabilities, acceptance and friendship with typical children as well as with children who also have disabilities. Children with disabilities, unlike typical peers, often experience greater difficulty in creating and maintaining friendships. Delayed development of motor, perceptual, cognitive, language, communication and / or social skills is likely to contribute to the difficulties of children with disabilities in creating lasting friendships. This paper provides an overview of scientific knowledge about the effectiveness of the researched strategies for social acceptance, development and maintenance of friendship.
The healthy intestine represents a remarkable interface where sterile host tissues come in contact with gut microbiota, in a balanced state of homeostasis. The imbalance of gut homeostasis is ...associated with the onset of many severe pathological conditions, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a chronic gastrointestinal disorder increasing in incidence and severely influencing affected individuals. Despite the recent development of next generation sequencing and bioinformatics, the current scientific knowledge of specific triggers and diagnostic markers to improve interventional approaches in IBD is still scarce. In this review we present and discuss currently available and emerging therapeutic options in modulating composition and metabolic activity of gut microbiota in patients affected by IBD. Therapeutic approaches at the microbiota level, such as dietary interventions alone or with probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics, administration of antibiotics, performing fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and the use of nematodes, all represent a promising opportunities towards establishing and maintaining of well-being as well as improving underlying IBD symptoms.
The knowledge on how gut microbes contribute to the inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) at the onset of disease is still scarce. We compared gut microbiota in newly diagnosed, treatment-naïve adult IBD ...(Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC)) to irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients and healthy group. Mucosal and fecal microbiota of 49 patients (13 UC, 10 CD, and 26 IBS) before treatment initiation, and fecal microbiota of 12 healthy subjects was characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Mucosa was sampled at six positions, from terminal ileum to rectum. We demonstrate that mucosal microbiota is spatially homogeneous, cannot be differentiated based on the local inflammation status and yet provides bacterial footprints superior to fecal in discriminating disease phenotypes. IBD groups showed decreased bacterial diversity in mucosa at all taxonomic levels compared to IBS. In CD and UC, Dialister was significantly increased, and expansion of Haemophilus and Propionibacterium characterized UC. Compared to healthy individuals, fecal microbiota of IBD and IBS patients had increased abundance of Proteobacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, in particular. Shift toward reduction of Adlercreutzia and butyrate-producing taxa was found in feces of IBD patients. Microbiota alterations detected in newly diagnosed treatment-naïve adult patients indicate that the microbiota changes are set and detectable at the disease onset and likely have a discerning role in IBD pathophysiology. Our results justify further investigation of the taxa discriminating between disease groups, such as H. parainfluenzae, R. gnavus, Turicibacteriaceae, Dialister, and Adlercreutzia as potential biomarkers of the disease.
Brewers' spent grains (BSG) are a by-product of the brewing industry that is mainly used as feedstock; otherwise, it has to be disposed according to regulations. Due to the high content of glucose ...and xylose, after pretreatment and hydrolysis, it can be used as a main carbohydrate source for cultivation of microorganisms for production of biofuels or biochemicals like 2,3-butanediol or lactate. 2,3-Butanediol has applications in the pharmaceutical or chemical industry as a precursor for varnishes and paints or in the food industry as an aroma compound. So far,
,
,
, and
are being used and investigated in different bioprocesses aimed at the production of 2,3-butanediol. The main drawback is bacterial pathogenicity which complicates all production steps in laboratory, pilot, and industrial scales. In our study, a gram-positive GRAS bacterium
DSM 742 was used for the production of 2,3-butanediol. Since this strain is very poorly described in literature, bacterium cultivation was performed in media with different glucose and/or xylose concentration ranges. The highest 2,3-butanediol concentration of 18.61 g l
was achieved in medium with 70 g l
of glucose during 40 h of fermentation. In contrast, during bacterium cultivation in xylose containing medium there was no significant 2,3-butanediol production. In the next stage, BSG hydrolysates were used for bacterial cultivation.
DSM 742 cultivated in the liquid phase of pretreated BSG produced very low 2,3-butanediol and ethanol concentrations. Therefore, this BSG hydrolysate has to be detoxified in order to remove bacterial growth inhibitors. After detoxification, bacterium cultivation resulted in 30 g l
of lactate, while production of 2,3-butanediol was negligible. The solid phase of pretreated BSG was also used for bacterium cultivation after its hydrolysis by commercial enzymes. In these cultivations,
DSM 742 produced 9.8 g l
of 2,3-butanediol and 3.93 g l
of ethanol. On the basis of the obtained results, it can be concluded that different experimental setups give the possibility of directing the metabolism of
DSM 742 toward the production of either 2,3-butanediol and ethanol or lactate.
Inflammatory bowel diseases are a group of chronic inflammatory conditions that affect gastrointestinal tract due to inapt and continuous immune activation in response to a myriad of predisposing ...factors (most notably genetics, environmental impact and gut microbiota composition). It has been shown that vitamin D status can also play a role in the disease pathogenesis, as its deficiency is commonly observed in two major forms of inflammatory bowel diseases - Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Mounting evidence supports the concept of intricate relationship between gut dysbiosis and vitamin D metabolism, while suboptimal levels of this vitamin have been linked to increased clinical disease relapse rates, inadequate response to drugs, as well as decreased quality of life in patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Consequently, the pertinent question is whether increased vitamin D supplementation and (on a population level) food fortification may bring significant benefit to the affected individuals. In this short review we discuss the synthesis, functions, status and food sources of vitamin D, appraise biotechnological facets of vitamin D status analysis and food fortification, and concentrate on novel developments in the field that describe its influence on intestinal microbiota and inflammatory bowel disease.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is becoming a major health burden with increasing prevalence worldwide due to its close association with the epidemic of obesity. Currently there is no ...standardized pharmacological treatment, and the only proven effective therapeutic strategy is lifestyle modification, therefore it is important to determine the potential dietary targets for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD. We assessed nutritional status in 30 patients diagnosed with NAFLD using anthropometric parameters, hand grip strength, and lifestyle and dietetic parameters (physical activity, NRS2002 form and three-day food diary). The mean body mass index was 29.62±4.61 kg/m2, yielding 86.67% of obese or overweight patients. Physical activity results indicat-ed poorly active subjects. Excessive energy intake was recorded in 27.78% of patients. The mean in-take of macronutrients was as follows: 15.5% of proteins, 42.3% of carbohydrates and 42.2% of fat, with -deficient micronutrient intake of calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, and vitamins A, B1 and B2. The -results showed that the quality of nutrition in study subjects was not accordant to current rec-ommendations and that they consumed a high proportion of fat, especially saturated fatty acids, along with low micronutrient intake. The results obtained might point to the importance of unbalanced diet as a contributing factor in NAFLD development.
Various fungal species can degrade lignocellulolytic materials with their enzyme cocktails composed of cellulolytic and lignolytic enzymes. In this work, seven fungal species (
DSM 2185,
CBS 372.70,
...CBS 663.74,
CBS 456.75,
JCM 2738,
f.sp.
JCM 9293, and
JCM 23107) and four nutrient media were used in the screening for effective lignocellulose degrading enzymes. From the seven tested fungi,
and
, along with nutrient medium 4, were selected as the best medium and producers of lignocellulolytic enzymes based on the determined xylanase (>4 U mg
) and glucanase activity (≈2 U mg
). Nutrient medium 4 supplemented with pretreated corn cobs was used in the production of lignocellulolytic enzymes by sequential solid-state and submerged cultivation of
,
, and a mixed culture of both strains.
showed 6 times higher exoglucanase activity (3.33 U mg
) after 5 days of cultivation in comparison with
(0.55 U mg
).
also showed 2 times more endoglucanase activity (0.33 U mg
). The mixed culture cultivation showed similar endo- and exoglucanase activities compared to
(0.35 U mg
; 7.84 U mg
). Maximum xylanase activity was achieved after 7 days of cultivation of
(≈16 U mg
), while
showed maximum activity after 9 days that was around 2 times lower compared to that of
The mixed culture achieved maximum xylanase activity after only 4 days, but the specific activity was similar to activities observed for
It can be concluded that both fungal strains can be used as producers of enzyme cocktails for the degradation of lignocellulose containing raw materials, and that corn cobs can be used as an inducer for enzyme production.
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