El presente artículo, producto de investigación, plantea una propuesta significativa respecto a la necesidad de renovar el argumento jurídico del Derecho. Como apuesta política sitúa el estudio ...jurídico-filosófico para reivindicar los derechos de ciudadanía no solo en la tendencia humanista que constitucionaliza el dialogo incluyente de saberes sino en la acción sin daño que legítima la idea de promover igualdad jurídica como derecho, objetivo de desarrollo sostenible y oportunidad de vida libre de violencias por condición de género.
Chronic illnesses like obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular diseases, are worldwide major causes of morbidity and mortality. These pathological conditions involve interactions between ...environmental, genetic, and epigenetic factors. Recent advances in nutriepigenomics are contributing to clarify the role of some nutritional factors, including dietary fatty acids in gene expression regulation. This systematic review assesses currently available information concerning the role of the different fatty acids on epigenetic mechanisms that affect the development of chronic diseases or induce protective effects on metabolic alterations.
A targeted search was conducted in the PubMed/Medline databases using the keywords "fatty acids and epigenetic". The data were analyzed according to the PRISMA-P guidelines.
Consumption fatty acids like n-3 PUFA: EPA and DHA, and MUFA: oleic and palmitoleic acid was associated with an improvement of metabolic alterations. On the other hand, fatty acids that have been associated with the presence or development of obesity, T2D, pro-inflammatory profile, atherosclerosis and IR were n-6 PUFA, saturated fatty acids (stearic and palmitic), and trans fatty acids (elaidic), have been also linked with epigenetic changes.
Fatty acids can regulate gene expression by modifying epigenetic mechanisms and consequently result in positive or negative impacts on metabolic outcomes.
Bell pepper presents rapid weight loss and is highly susceptible to gray mold caused by the fungus Botrytis cinerea. The most employed method to control this disease is the application of synthetic ...fungicides such as thiabendazole (TBZ); however, its continued use causes resistance in fungi as well as environmental problems. For these reasons, natural alternatives arise as a more striking option. Currently, bell pepper fruits are coated with carnauba wax (CW) to prevent weight loss and improve appearance. Moreover, CW can be used as a carrier to incorporate essential oils, and previous studies have shown that thyme essential oil (TEO) is highly effective against B. cinerea. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of CW combined with TEO on the development of gray mold and maintenance of microestructural and postharvest quality in bell pepper stored at 13°C. The minimal inhibitory concentration of TEO was 0.5%. TEO and TBZ provoked the leakage of intracellular components. TEO and CW + TEO treatments were equally effective to inhibit the development of gray mold. On the quality parameters, firmness and weight loss were ameliorated with CW and CW + TEO treatments; whereas lightness increased in these treatments. The structural analysis showed that CW + TEO treatment maintained the cell structure reducing the apparition of deformities. The results suggest that CW + TEO treatment could be used as a natural and effective antifungal retarding the appearance of gray mold and maintaining the postharvest quality of bell pepper.
Practical Application
CW and TEO are classified as generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). This combination can be employed on the bell pepper packaging system to extend shelf life and oppose gray mold developments. Bell pepper fruits are normally coated with lipid‐base coatings such as CW before commercialization; therefore, TEO addition would represent a small investment without any changes on the packaging system infrastructure.
Rapid degradation of fresh‐cut papaya limits its marketability. Hydrothermal treatments in combination with a calcium dip, applied to whole fruit before slicing, and also the application of chitosan ...as a coating film, have been found to have very good results in maintaining the quality of fresh‐cut fruits. Based on these considerations, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of hydrothermal treatment (HT; 49 °C, 25 min) containing calcium chloride (Ca; 1%, w/v) followed by dipping in chitosan (Chit; 1%, w/v, 3 min) on the physical, chemical, and microbial qualities of papaya slices stored at 5 °C for 10 d. Pulp color, firmness, ascorbic acid, total phenolics, β‐carotene, and lycopene were evaluated every 2 d while the microbial quality (mesophilics, psychrophilics, molds, and yeasts) was evaluated every 5 d. Fruit treated with HT‐Ca and HT‐Ca + Chit showed better color and firmness retention than Control and Chit. Papaya slices treated with HT‐Ca + Chit had higher nutritional content and lower microbial growth at the end of storage. The application of the HT‐Ca + Chit could be used to reduce deterioration processes, maintaining physical, chemical, and microbial qualities and increasing the shelf life of fresh‐cut papaya stored at 5 °C.
Practical Application
The application of hydrothermal‐calcium chloride, combined with chitosan coatings, reduced deterioration processes and presented antimicrobial activity, thus increasing the shelf life and showing its potential use in food preservation. Also, it can constitute an alternative for the natural preservation of fresh‐cut papaya for which the use of synthetic chemicals is objectionable.
Multimode optical fibers have recently reemerged as a viable platform for addressing a number of long-standing issues associated with information bandwidth requirements and power-handling ...capabilities. As shown in recent studies, the complex nature of such heavily multimoded systems can be effectively exploited to observe altogether novel physical effects arising from spatiotemporal and intermodal linear and nonlinear processes. Here, we study for the first time, accelerated nonlinear intermodal interactions in core-diameter decreasing multimode fibers. We demonstrate that in the anomalous dispersion region, this spatiotemporal acceleration can lead to relatively blue-shifted multimode solitons and blue-drifting dispersive wave combs, while in the normal domain, to a notably flat and uniform supercontinuum, extending over 2.5 octaves. Our results pave the way towards a deeper understanding of the physics and complexity of nonlinear, heavily multimoded optical systems, and could lead to highly tunable optical sources with very high spectral densities.
Hot water treatment (HT) has proved to alleviate chilling injury (CI) in bell pepper and other Solanaceae species, this has been associated with the presence of metabolites such as sugars and ...polyamines, which protect the plasmatic membrane. However, it is unknown if the phenolic compounds in bell pepper play a role in the CI tolerance induced by the application of a HT. The aim of this study was to identify the specific phenolics associated with induced CI tolerance in bell pepper by HT (53 °C, 1 to 3 min). Fruit treated for 1 min (HT‐1 min) exhibited CI tolerance (the lowest symptom development, electrolyte leakage, and vitamin C loss) and was the chosen treatment for further experiments. The phenolic composition was affected by HT‐1 min and CI. Phenolics presented a strong correlation with the antioxidant activity. In fruit with CI tolerance, the concentration of seven compounds was increased, being quercetin‐O‐rhamnoside‐O‐hexoside and chlorogenic acid the most remarkable. Quercetin‐3‐O‐rhamnoside was accumulated only in fruit with induced tolerance, meanwhile orientin was particularly sensitive to heat and cold exposure. Thus, HT‐1 min (53 °C, 1 min) is a useful technology to induce CI tolerance in bell pepper and such tolerance is associated with the phenolic composition that may reduce the prevalence of oxidative stress during the storage under CI conditions.
Practical Application
Phenolics induced by CI and HT may be useful to detect early stages of heat and chilling injuries in bell pepper and prevent the negative effect of such stresses even before its harvest and during commercial storage. Additionally, the phenolics associated with CI tolerance may be used as markers in breeding programs to create new chilling resistant cultivars.
Marine mammals are more exposed to mercury (Hg) than any others animals in the world. As many trace elements, Hg it is able to impair the brain function, which could be a cause of population decline. ...Nevertheless, these issues have been scarcely studied because of the technical and ethical difficulties. We conducted a systematic review about marine mammals’ brain exposition to Hg and other trace elements, and their neurotoxic effects. Information was scarce and the lack of standardization of nomenclature of brain structures, sample collecting and results presentation made it difficult to obtain conclusions. Hg was the most studied metal and toothed whales the most studied group. Despite being its target organ, brain accumulates lesser concentrations of Hg than other tissues as liver. We found a significant positive correlation between both organs’ burden (rho = 0.956 for cetaceans; rho = 0.756 for pinnipeds). Reported Hg values in brain of cetaceans (median 3.00 ppm ww) surpassed by one or two orders of magnitude those values found in other species as pinnipeds (median 0.33 ppm ww) or polar bears (median 0.07 ppm ww). Such values exceeded neurotoxicity thresholds. Although marine mammals ingest mostly the organic and more toxic form MeHg, different fractions of inorganic mercury can appear in brain, which could suggest some detoxification mechanisms. Other suggested mechanisms include Se–Hg interaction and liver sequestration. Although other elements are subjected to a rigid homeostatic control, appear in low concentrations or do not exert an important neurotoxic effect, they should be more studied to elucidate their neurotoxicity potential.
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•Marine mammals are highly threatened by environmental pollutants.•Mercury and other metals can exert neurotoxic effects.•Neurotoxic effects of environmental pollutants in marine mammals are not well known.•Cetaceans posses much higher Hg concentrations in brain than other marine mammals.•Marine mammals have developed detoxification mechanisms against Hg neurotoxicity.
Wetlands constitute the main natural source of methane on Earth due to their high content of natural organic matter (NOM), but key drivers, such as electron acceptors, supporting methanotrophic ...activities in these habitats are poorly understood. We performed anoxic incubations using freshly collected sediment, along with water samples harvested from a tropical wetland, amended with
C-methane (0.67 atm) to test the capacity of its microbial community to perform anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) linked to the reduction of the humic fraction of its NOM. Collected evidence demonstrates that electron-accepting functional groups (e.g., quinones) present in NOM fueled AOM by serving as a terminal electron acceptor. Indeed, while sulfate reduction was the predominant process, accounting for up to 42.5% of the AOM activities, the microbial reduction of NOM concomitantly occurred. Furthermore, enrichment of wetland sediment with external NOM provided a complementary electron-accepting capacity, of which reduction accounted for ∼100 nmol
CH
oxidized · cm
· day
Spectroscopic evidence showed that quinone moieties were heterogeneously distributed in the wetland sediment, and their reduction occurred during the course of AOM. Moreover, an enrichment derived from wetland sediments performing AOM linked to NOM reduction stoichiometrically oxidized methane coupled to the reduction of the humic analogue anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate. Microbial populations potentially involved in AOM coupled to microbial reduction of NOM were dominated by divergent biota from putative AOM-associated archaea. We estimate that this microbial process potentially contributes to the suppression of up to 114 teragrams (Tg) of CH
· year
in coastal wetlands and more than 1,300 Tg · year
, considering the global wetland area.
The identification of key processes governing methane emissions from natural systems is of major importance considering the global warming effects triggered by this greenhouse gas. Anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) coupled to the microbial reduction of distinct electron acceptors plays a pivotal role in mitigating methane emissions from ecosystems. Given their high organic content, wetlands constitute the largest natural source of atmospheric methane. Nevertheless, processes controlling methane emissions in these environments are poorly understood. Here, we provide tracer analysis with
CH
and spectroscopic evidence revealing that AOM linked to the microbial reduction of redox functional groups in natural organic matter (NOM) prevails in a tropical wetland. We suggest that microbial reduction of NOM may largely contribute to the suppression of methane emissions from tropical wetlands. This is a novel avenue within the carbon cycle in which slowly decaying NOM (e.g., humic fraction) in organotrophic environments fuels AOM by serving as a terminal electron acceptor.
Two structurally connected brain regions are more likely to interact, with the lengths of the structural bundles, their widths, myelination, and the topology of the structural connectome influencing ...the timing of the interactions. We introduce an
approach for measuring functional delays across the whole brain in humans (of either sex) using magneto/electroencephalography (MEG/EEG) and integrating them with the structural bundles. The resulting topochronic map of the functional delays/velocities shows that larger bundles have faster velocities. We estimated the topochronic map in multiple sclerosis patients, who have damaged myelin sheaths, and controls, demonstrating greater delays in patients across the network and that structurally lesioned tracts were slowed down more than unaffected ones. We provide a novel framework for estimating functional transmission delays
at the single-subject and single-tract level.
This article provides a straightforward way to estimate patient-specific delays and conduction velocities in the CNS, at the individual level, in healthy and diseased subjects. To do so, it uses a principled way to merge magnetoencephalography (MEG)/electroencephalography (EEG) and tractography.
We study the nuclear quantum effects (NQE) on the thermodynamic properties of low-density amorphous ice (LDA) and hexagonal ice (I h) at P = 0.1 MPa and T ≥ 25 K. Our results are based on ...path-integral molecular dynamics (PIMD) and classical MD simulations of H2O and D2O using the q-TIP4P/F water model. We show that the inclusion of NQE is necessary to reproduce the experimental properties of LDA and ice I h. While MD simulations (no NQE) predict that the density ρ(T) of LDA and ice I h increases monotonically upon cooling, PIMD simulations indicate the presence of a density maximum in LDA and ice I h. MD and PIMD simulations also predict a qualitatively different T-dependence for the thermal expansion coefficient α P (T) and bulk modulus B(T) of both LDA and ice I h. Remarkably, the ρ(T), α P (T), and B(T) of LDA are practically identical to those of ice I h. The origin of the observed NQE is due to the delocalization of the H atoms, which is identical in LDA and ice I h. H atoms delocalize considerably (over a distance ≈ 20–25% of the OH covalent-bond length) and anisotropically (preferentially perpendicular to the OH covalent bond), leading to less linear hydrogen bonds HB (larger HOO angles and longer OO separations) than observed in classical MD simulations.
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