Diagnostic criteria for Menière's disease Lopez-Escamez, Jose A; Carey, John; Chung, Won-Ho ...
Journal of vestibular research,
01/2015, Letnik:
25, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
This paper presents diagnostic criteria for Menière's disease jointly formulated by the Classification Committee of the Bárány Society, The Japan Society for Equilibrium Research, the European ...Academy of Otology and Neurotology (EAONO), the Equilibrium Committee of the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (AAO-HNS) and the Korean Balance Society. The classification includes two categories: definite Menière's disease and probable Menière's disease. The diagnosis of definite Menière's disease is based on clinical criteria and requires the observation of an episodic vertigo syndrome associated with low- to medium-frequency sensorineural hearing loss and fluctuating aural symptoms (hearing, tinnitus and/or fullness) in the affected ear. Duration of vertigo episodes is limited to a period between 20 minutes and 12 hours. Probable Menière's disease is a broader concept defined by episodic vestibular symptoms (vertigo or dizziness) associated with fluctuating aural symptoms occurring in a period from 20 minutes to 24 hours.
The ecosystem services framework is receiving increasing attention in the fields of policy and research. The assessment of human attitudes and perceptions regarding ecosystem services has been ...proposed as a promising tool for addressing complex problems associated with environmental change, particularly in the context of cultural landscapes. Transhumance is not only a farming practice responsible for shaping cultural landscapes but also an adaptive strategy based on mobility that may represent a useful approach to overcoming the growing challenges posed by accelerated environmental change. A socio-cultural valuation of ecosystem services associated with the Conquense Drove Road, one of the major transhumant networks still in use in Mediterranean Spain, was conducted via the distribution of questionnaires to 416 local residents and visitors to capture their perceptions regarding the importance of 34 ecosystem services (10 provisioning, 12 regulating, and 12 cultural) for both social and personal well-being. Overall, the ecosystem services considered to be the most important for social well-being were fire prevention, air purification and livestock. Most of the ecosystem services in question were perceived as declining, with the exception of those associated with recreation, scientific knowledge and environmental education. This study revealed that perceptions regarding the value of ecosystem services differed among respondents, depending on their age, place of origin and gender. Several methodological issues, as well as the implications of socio-cultural valuation for policy making, are also discussed here.
Water dissociation is crucial in many catalytic reactions on oxide‐supported transition‐metal catalysts. Supported by experimental and density‐functional theory results, the effect of the support on ...OH bond cleavage activity is elucidated for nickel/ceria systems. Ambient‐pressure O 1s photoemission spectra at low Ni loadings on CeO2(111) reveal a substantially larger amount of OH groups as compared to the bare support. Computed activation energy barriers for water dissociation show an enhanced reactivity of Ni adatoms on CeO2(111) compared with pyramidal Ni4 particles with one Ni atom not in contact with the support, and extended Ni(111) surfaces. At the origin of this support effect is the ability of ceria to stabilize oxidized Ni2+ species by accommodating electrons in localized f‐states. The fast dissociation of water on Ni/CeO2 has a dramatic effect on the activity and stability of this system as a catalyst for the water‐gas shift and ethanol steam reforming reactions.
By accommodating electrons in localized f‐states, ceria stabilizes Ni2+ species that possess unique activity for the cleavage of OH bonds. These species play an important role in the water‐gas shift reaction and the steam reforming of alcohols over Ni/CeO2 catalysts.
The aim of this study was to develop plant-based burgers using gelled emulsions (GE, with chia and hemp oil) as fat source and, beetroot juice (fresh and commercial) as colorant ingredient and to ...assess their quality properties. Burgers with low fat content (<3%) and remarkable protein (18.6–19.5%) and dietary fiber content (14.5–16.2%) were obtained. The use of GE allows improving their lipid profile being PUFAs the main fraction (>57%, PUFA/SFA >4.5, n-6/n-3 < 4) with differences in the main fatty acid (>40%) depending on the GE used: α-linolenic in the case of chia-GE and linoleic when hemp-GE was used. The use of beetroot fresh juice allows to obtain burgers with a redness similar to that of traditional meat burgers (16–21), with higher betalains content (27–38 mg/100 g dw) but more susceptible to color changes during cooking than when commercial juice was used. Plant-based burgers suffer less cooking loss (14–17%) and dimensional changes (shrinkage 3–5% and not thickness increase) than reported for traditional meat burgers. According to the results of sensory evaluation, although all plant-based burgers were scored with a good overall acceptability, it could be enhanced by the ingredient optimization because each of the ingredients studied either improved or worsened the different attributes assessed.
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•Innovations in plant-based burger (PBB) ingredients to improve them.•It was feasible the use of gelled emulsions (from chia and hemp oil) as fat source.•Their use allows to obtain PBB with low fat content and healthy lipid profile.•Beetroot juice (commercial or fresh) as key point in PBB red color and betanin content.•PBB with good overall acceptance that could be improve optimizing these ingredients.
The aim of this work was to assess through a questionnaire the features of vertiginous episodes, accompanying symptoms, familial history, and migraine precursors in a sample of 252 subjects with a ...diagnosis of definite vestibular migraine.
Migraine is a common neurological disorder characterized by episodic headaches with specific features. About two-thirds of cases run in families, and patients may refer symptoms occurring in infancy and childhood, defined as episodic syndromes that may be associated with migraine. Migraine is associated with episodic vertigo, called vestibular migraine, whose diagnosis mainly relies on clinical history showing a temporary association of symptoms.
In this cross-sectional multicentric study, 252 subjects were recruited in different centers; a senior specialist through a structured questionnaire assessed features of vestibular symptoms and accompanying symptoms.
The age of onset of migraine was 23 years, while onset of vertigo was at 38 years. One hundred and eighty-four subjects reported internal vertigo (73%), while 63 subjects (25%) reported external vertigo. The duration of vertigo attacks was less than 5 minutes in 58 subjects (23%), between 6 and 60 minutes in 55 (21.8%), between 1 and 4 hours in 29 (11.5%), 5 and 24 hours in 44 (17.5%), up to 3 days in 14 (5.5%), and more than 3 days in seven (2.8%); 14 subjects (5.5%) referred attacks lasting from less than 5 minutes and up to 1 hour, nine (3.6%) referred attacks lasting from less than 5 minutes and up to 1 to 4 hours, six (2.4%) referred attacks lasting from less than 5 minutes and up to 5 to 24 hours, and five (2%) cases referred attacks lasting from less than 5 minutes and up to days. Among accompanying symptoms, patients referred the following usually occurring, in order of frequency: nausea (59.9%), photophobia (44.4%), phonophobia (38.9%), vomiting (17.8%), palpitations (11.5%), tinnitus (10.7%), fullness of the ear (8.7%), and hearing loss (4%). In total, 177 subjects referred a positive family history of migraine (70.2%), while 167 (66.3%) reported a positive family history of vertigo. In the sample, 69% of patients referred at least one of the pediatric precursors, in particular, 42.8% of subjects referred motion sickness. The age of onset of the first headache was lower in the subsample with a familial history of migraine than in the total sample. Among the pediatric precursors, benign paroxysmal vertigo - BPV, benign paroxysmal torticollis, and motion sickness were predictive of a lower age of onset of vertigo in adulthood; cyclic vomiting was predictive for vomiting during vertigo attacks in adults.
Our results may indicate that vestibular symptoms in pediatric patients may act as a predisposing factor to develop vestibular migraine at an earlier age in adulthood.
Completely eliminating crosstalk effect is the most important challenge when reading a resistive sensor array with <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">{M} </tex-math></inline-formula> rows ...and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">{N} </tex-math></inline-formula> columns. It may require complex electronics, ranging from a large number of multiplexers and switches to use of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">{M} </tex-math></inline-formula> AC voltage sources. More measurements than those considered strictly necessary, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">{M}\,\cdot {N} </tex-math></inline-formula>, may also be required. Thus, an implementation with multiplexers and switches uses <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">2\,\cdot {M}\,\cdot {N} </tex-math></inline-formula> measurements, while this number rises to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">{M}\,\cdot {N}\,\cdot {L} </tex-math></inline-formula> in the one that uses AC voltage sources, where L is the Fourier Transform length required to obtain the sensor readings. This article presents a new circuit and readout method to eliminate crosstalk that simultaneously reduces the total number of multiplexers to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">{M}+{N} </tex-math></inline-formula> and the number of measurements to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">{N}\,\cdot ({M}+1+({N}+1 </tex-math></inline-formula>)/2). The unique source of error comes from the non-idealities of the only operational amplifier used. As an added benefit, the new circuit also reduces power consumption of the array by including a single additional resistor.
Development of resistance to therapy continues to be a serious clinical problem in breast cancer management. Cancer stem/progenitor cells have been shown to play roles in resistance to chemo‐ and ...radiotherapy. Here, we examined their role in the development of resistance to the oestrogen receptor antagonist tamoxifen. Tamoxifen‐resistant cells were enriched for stem/progenitors and expressed high levels of the stem cell marker Sox2. Silencing of the SOX2 gene reduced the size of the stem/progenitor cell population and restored sensitivity to tamoxifen. Conversely, ectopic expression of Sox2 reduced tamoxifen sensitivity in vitro and in vivo. Gene expression profiling revealed activation of the Wnt signalling pathway in Sox2‐expressing cells, and inhibition of Wnt signalling sensitized resistant cells to tamoxifen. Examination of patient tumours indicated that Sox2 levels are higher in patients after endocrine therapy failure, and also in the primary tumours of these patients, compared to those of responders. Together, these results suggest that development of tamoxifen resistance is driven by Sox2‐dependent activation of Wnt signalling in cancer stem/progenitor cells.
Synopsis
The development of Tam‐resistance in breast cancer is shown to be driven by Sox2‐dependent activation of Wnt signalling in cancer stem cells. Combining hormone therapy and Wnt secretion inhibitors might thus provide a novel strategy to treat breast cancer.
Cancer stem cells play a role in the development of tamoxifen resistance.
Sox2 expression is increased in tamoxifen‐resistant breast cancer cells.
Sox2 inhibition restores cell sensitivity to tamoxifen.
Sox2 is a biomarker for tamoxifen resistance.
Combining hormone therapy with Wnt or Sox2 inhibitors may help prevent breast cancer recurrence.
The development of Tam‐resistance in breast cancer is shown to be driven by Sox2‐dependent activation of Wnt signalling in cancer stem cells. Combining hormone therapy and Wnt secretion inhibitors might thus provide a novel strategy to treat breast cancer.
How does competition affect bank risk-taking? Jiménez, Gabriel; Lopez, Jose A.; Saurina, Jesús
Journal of financial stability,
June 2013, 2013-6-00, Letnik:
9, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
A common assumption in the academic literature and in the supervision of banking systems is that franchise value plays a key role in limiting bank risk-taking. As market power is the primary source ...of franchise value, reduced competition in banking markets has been seen as promoting banking stability. A recent paper by Martínez-Miera and Repullo (MMR, 2010) shows that a nonlinear relationship theoretically exists between bank competition and risk-taking in the loan market. We test this hypothesis using data from the Spanish banking system. After controlling for macroeconomic conditions and bank characteristics, we find support for this nonlinear relationship using standard measures of market concentration in both the loan and deposit markets. When direct measures of market power, such as Lerner indices, are used, the empirical results are more supportive of the original franchise value hypothesis, but only in the loan market. Overall, the results highlight the empirical relevance of the MMR model, even though further analysis across other banking markets is needed.
This paper considers the problem of synthesizing output feedback controllers subject to sparsity constraints. This problem is known to be generically NP-hard, unless the plant satisfies the quadratic ...invariance property. Our main results show that, even if this property does not hold, tractable convex relaxations with optimality certificates can be obtained by recasting the problem into a polynomial optimization through the use of polyhedral Lyapunov functions. Combining these ideas with rank minimization tools leads to a computationally attractive algorithm. As an alternative, we present a second relaxation, with lower computational complexity, based on finding the best sparse estimate of a desired control action. These results are illustrated with several examples.
A diastereo‐ and highly enantioselective dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR) of configurationally labile heterobiaryl ketones is described. The DKR proceeds by zinc‐catalyzed hydrosilylation of the ...carbonyl group, thus leading to secondary alcohols bearing axial and central chirality. The strategy relies on the labilization of the stereogenic axis that takes place thanks to a Lewis acid–base interaction between a nitrogen atom in the heterocycle and the ketone carbonyl group. The synthetic utility of the methodology is demonstrated through stereospecific transformations into either N,N‐ligands or appealing axially chiral, bifunctional thiourea organocatalysts.
The dynamic duo: A nitrogen atom and the carbonyl group in heterobiaryl ketones form a Lewis pair which is responsible for the labilization of the stereogenic axis, and constitutes the key strategy for developing a zinc‐catalyzed asymmetric hydrosilylation by dynamic kinetic resolution. This process simultaneously installs a stereogenic axis and a stereocenter for the highly enantioselective synthesis of heterobiaryl carbinols.
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