Carbon concentrating mechanisms (CCMs) are common among microalgae, but their regulation and even existence in some of the most promising biofuel production strains is poorly understood. This is ...partly because screening for new strains does not commonly include assessment of CCM function or regulation despite its fundamental role in primary carbon metabolism. In addition, the inducible nature of many microalgal CCMs means that environmental conditions should be considered when assessing CCM function and its potential impact on biofuels. In this study, we address the effect of environmental conditions by combining novel, high frequency, on-line ¹³CO₂ gas exchange screen with microscope-based lipid characterization to assess CCM function in Nannochloropsis salina and its interaction with lipid production. Regulation of CCM function was explored by changing the concentration of CO₂ provided to continuous cultures in airlift bioreactors where cell density was kept constant across conditions by controlling the rate of media supply. Our isotopic gas exchange results were consistent with N. salina having an inducible “pump-leak” style CCM similar to that of Nannochloropsis gaditana. Though cells grew faster at high CO₂ and had higher rates of net CO₂ uptake, we did not observe significant differences in lipid content between conditions. Since the rate of CO₂ supply was much higher for the high CO₂ conditions, we calculated that growing cells bubbled with low CO₂ is about 40 % more efficient for carbon capture than bubbling with high CO₂. We attribute this higher efficiency to the activity of a CCM under low CO₂ conditions.
BASKETBALL SCORING IN NBA GAMES： AN EXAMPLE OF COMPLEXITY De Saá Guerra, Yves; Martín Gonzalez, Juan Manuel; Sarmiento Montesdeoca, Samuel ...
Journal of systems science and complexity,
02/2013, Letnik:
26, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Scoring in a basketball game is a highly dynamic, non-linear process. NBA teams try to be more and more competitive each season. For instance, they incorporate into their rosters the best players in ...the world. This and other mechanisms concur to make the scoring process in NBA games exciting and rarely predictable. This paper is to study the behavior of timing and scoring in basketball gaines. The authors analyze all the games in five NBA regular seasons （2005-06, 2006-07, 2007-08, 2008-09, 2009-10）, for a total of 6150 games. Scoring does not behave uniformly; therefore, the authors also analyze the distributions of the differences in points in the basketball games. To further analyze the behavior of the tail of the distribution, the authors also carry out a semilog-plot and a log-log plot to verify whether this trend approaches a Poisson distribution or a PL. This paper reveals different areas of behavior related to the score, with specific instances of time that could be considered tipping points of the game. The presence of these critical points suggests that there are phase transitions where the dynamic scoring of the games varies significantly.
Whether people living with HIV (PLWH) are at greater risk of acquiring SARS‐CoV‐2 infection is currently unknown. Prospective serologic studies may allow seroincidence analyses, where all infections ...are accurately identified. Because of this, we evaluated the incidence of associated factors with and the clinical outcome of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in PLWH in Southern Spain.
This prospective cohort study included PLWH from a Tertiary University Hospital in Southern Spain. Patients were enrolled in the study if (1) they had attended as outpatients our Unit from 1 August 2019 to 8 February 2020 and (2) had two subsequent evaluations from 9 February 2020 to 4 March 2021. SARS‐CoV‐2 infections were diagnosed by PCR, antigen detection or serology.
Seven hundred and nine PLWH were included in the study. Of them, 55 7.8%, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 5.9%–9.9% patients developed SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Between 18 May and 29 November 2020, the rate of seroconversion was 5.3% (95% CI: 3.1%–9.0%) for the general population in the area of Seville and 2.3% (95% CI: 1.3%–2.6%) for PLWH in this study (p = .001). After multivariable analysis, adjusted by age, sex, and risk factors for HIV infection, active tobacco use and CDC stage, active tobacco smoking was the only factor independently associated with lower risk of SARS‐Cov‐2 infection Incidence rate ratio: 0.29 (95% CI 0.16–0.55) p < .001.
In conclusion, the incidence of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection among PLWH in Southern Spain during the ongoing pandemic was lower than that reported for the general population in the same area.
Background
Anti-CGRP monoclonal antibodies have shown notable effectiveness and tolerability in migraine patients; however, data on their use in elderly patients is still lacking, as clinical trials ...have implicit age restrictions and real-world evidence is scarce. In this study, we aimed to describe the safety and effectiveness of erenumab, galcanezumab and fremanezumab in migraine patients over 65 years old in real-life.
Methods
In this observational real-life study, a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from 18 different headache units in Spain was performed. Migraine patients who started treatment with any anti-CGRP monoclonal antibody after the age of 65 years were included. Primary endpoints were reduction in monthly migraine days after 6 months of treatment and the presence of adverse effects. Secondary endpoints were reductions in headache and medication intake frequencies by months 3 and 6, response rates, changes in patient-reported outcomes and reasons for discontinuation. As a subanalysis, reduction in monthly migraine days and proportion of adverse effects were also compared among the three monoclonal antibodies.
Results
A total of 162 patients were included, median age 68 years (range 65–87), 74.1% women. 42% had dyslipidaemia, 40.3% hypertension, 8% diabetes, and 6.2% previous cardiovascular ischaemic disease. The reduction in monthly migraine days at month 6 was 10.1 ± 7.3 days. A total of 25.3% of patients presented adverse effects, all of them mild, with only two cases of blood pressure increase. Headache and medication intake frequencies were significantly reduced, and patient-reported outcomes were improved. The proportions of responders were 68%, 57%, 33% and 9% for reductions in monthly migraine days ≥ 30%, ≥ 50%, ≥ 75% and 100%, respectively. A total of 72.8% of patients continued with the treatment after 6 months. The reduction in migraine days was similar for the different anti-CGRP treatments, but fewer adverse effects were detected with fremanezumab (7.7%).
Conclusions
Anti-CGRP mAbs are safe and effective treatments in migraine patients over 65 years old in real-life clinical practice.
Graphical Abstract
International scientific experts in food, nutrition, dietetics, endocrinology, physical activity, paediatrics, nursing, toxicology and public health met in Lisbon on 2⁻4 July 2017 to develop a ...Consensus on the use of low- and no-calorie sweeteners (LNCS) as substitutes for sugars and other caloric sweeteners. LNCS are food additives that are broadly used as sugar substitutes to sweeten foods and beverages with the addition of fewer or no calories. They are also used in medicines, health-care products, such as toothpaste, and food supplements. The goal of this Consensus was to provide a useful, evidence-based, point of reference to assist in efforts to reduce free sugars consumption in line with current international public health recommendations. Participating experts in the Lisbon Consensus analysed and evaluated the evidence in relation to the role of LNCS in food safety, their regulation and the nutritional and dietary aspects of their use in foods and beverages. The conclusions of this Consensus were: (1) LNCS are some of the most extensively evaluated dietary constituents, and their safety has been reviewed and confirmed by regulatory bodies globally including the World Health Organisation, the US Food and Drug Administration and the European Food Safety Authority; (2) Consumer education, which is based on the most robust scientific evidence and regulatory processes, on the use of products containing LNCS should be strengthened in a comprehensive and objective way; (3) The use of LNCS in weight reduction programmes that involve replacing caloric sweeteners with LNCS in the context of structured diet plans may favour sustainable weight reduction. Furthermore, their use in diabetes management programmes may contribute to a better glycaemic control in patients, albeit with modest results. LNCS also provide dental health benefits when used in place of free sugars; (4) It is proposed that foods and beverages with LNCS could be included in dietary guidelines as alternative options to products sweetened with free sugars; (5) Continued education of health professionals is required, since they are a key source of information on issues related to food and health for both the general population and patients. With this in mind, the publication of position statements and consensus documents in the academic literature are extremely desirable.
The optimal strategy for early surveillance after first complete response is unclear in Hodgkin lymphoma. Thus, we compared the various follow-up strategies in a multicenter study. All the included ...patients had a negative positron emission tomography/computed tomography at the end of induction therapy. From January 2007 to January 2018, we recruited 640 patients from 15 centers in Spain. Comparing the groups in which serial imaging were performed, the clinical/analytical follow-up group was exposed to significantly fewer imaging tests and less radiation. With a median follow-up of 127 months, progression-free survival at 60 months of the entire series was 88% and the overall survival was 97%. No significant differences in survival or progression-free survival were found among the various surveillance strategies. This study suggests that follow-up approaches with imaging in Hodgkin lymphoma provide no benefits for patient survival, and we believe that clinical/analytical surveillance for this group of patients could be the best course of action.
Treatment of migraine attacks is advised in all patients, using non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs when the pain is mild and triptans when the pain intensity is moderate-severe. However, the ...effectiveness of these drugs is moderate, a high percentage of patients have side effects, and triptans are contraindicated in people with a history of stroke, ischaemic heart disease or poorly controlled hypertension. Hence, there is an urgent need for new therapeutic alternatives. In recent years, new drugs for migraine attacks have become available, most notably ditans (lasmiditan) and gepants (ubrogepant and rimegepant). Furthermore, eptinezumab, which has been approved for the preventive treatment of migraine in adults, has also been used for migraine attacks. This manuscript reviews the efficacy and safety results of the new drugs for migraines that will soon be on the market.
Highlights * Several cardiovascular/hemostatic disturbances haves been reported in patients with COVID-19, but the real frequency and their potential association with the pathogenic mechanisms of ...SARS-CoV-19 still remain to be defined. * We investigated the relative frequency of acute coronary syndrome, deep venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, stroke and upper gastrointestinal bleeding in COVID patents attending emergency departments (EDs), before hospitalization and compared them with frequencies in the general ED population attending 50 Spanish EDs. * We found that the risk of pulmonary embolism is clearly increased in COVID patients, with an OR of 4.53 with respect to non-COVID patients (95% confidence interval 4.03- 5.10). Additionally, the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism was 2 fold more frequent among ED comers in 2020 compared to 2019, suggesting a SARS-CoV-2 role in such increment of cases.. The remaining entities studied were not found to be unequivocally increased in the present study and need further investigation. Author Affiliation: (a) Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain (b) Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain (c) Hospital General de Alicante, Spain (d) Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Tenerife, Spain (e) Hospital Universitario Severo Ochoa de Leganes, Madrid, Spain (f) Hospital General Universitario Reina Sofia, Murcia, Spain (g) Complejo Asistencial de Soria, Spain (h) Hospital Universitario Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain (i) Hospital San Pedro, Logrono, Spain (j) Hospital de Leon, Spain (k) Hospital de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain (l) Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain (m) Hospital de Fuenlabrada, Madrid, Spain (n) Hospital Clinico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Spain (o) Hospital Clinico Universitario de Salamanca, Spain (p) Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruna, Spain (q) Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge de l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain (r) Hospital de la Vega Baja de Orihuela, Alicante, Spain (s) Hospital Virgen de los Lirios de Alcoy, Alicante, Spain (t) Hospital Francesc de Borja de Gandia, Valencia, Spain (u) Hospital Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain (v) Hospital la Fe, Valencia, Spain (w) Hospital Reina Sofia, Murcia, Spain (x) Hospital General de Albacete, Spain (y) Hospital del Vinalopo de Elche, Alicante, Spain (z) Hospital de Torrevieja, Alicante, Spain (aa) Hospital Universitari de Vic, Barcelona, Spain (ab) Hospital General de Alicante, Spain (ac) Hospital Marina Baixa de Villajoyosa, Alicante, Spain (ad) Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, Valencia, Spain (ae) Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Spain (af) Hospital Universitario LucusAugusti, Lugo, Spain (ag) Hospital de Henares, Madrid, Spain (ah) Hospital Comarcal El Escorial, Madrid, Spain (ai) Hospital Universitario de Burgos, Spain (aj) Hospital Costa del Sol de Marbella, Malaga, Spain (ak) Hospital de Lliria, Valencia, Spain (al) Hospital de Requena, Valencia, Spain (am) Hospital Clinico de Valencia, Spain (an) Hospital Universitario La Ribera, Valencia, Spain (ao) Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain (ap) Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain (aq) Hospital Santa Tecla, Tarragona, Spain (ar) Hospital Rio Hortega, Valladolid, Spain (as) Hospital General de Elche, Alicante, Spain (at) Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain (au) Hospital de Parla, Madrid, Spain (av) Hospital Virgen de la Luz, Cuenca, Spain (aw) Hospital Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain (ax) Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Tenerife, Spain (ay) Clinica Universidad Navarra, Madrid, Spain (az) Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (ba) Hospital Juan Ramon Jimenez, Huelva, Spain (bb) Hospital Doctor Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain (bc) Clinica Sagrada Familia, Barcelona, Spain (bd) Hospital Severo Ochoa de Leganes, Madrid, Spain (be) Hospital GermansTrias i Pujol de Badalona, Barcelona, Spain (bf) Hospital Universitario Sant Joan, Alicante, Spain (bg) Hospital Doctor Negrin, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain (bh) Hospital Nuestra Senora del Prado de Talavera de la Reina, Toledo, Spain (bi) Hospital Valle de los Pedroches de Pozoblanco, Jaen, Spain (bj) Hospital Regional Universitario de Malaga, Spain (bk) Hospital Lluis Alcanyis de Xativa, Valencia, Spain (bl) Hospital Alvaro Cunqueiro de Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain (bm) Consorci Hospitalari de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain (bn) Hospital de Denia, Alicante, Spain (bo) Hospital de Gijon, Asturias, Spain (bp) Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain (a) Emergency Department, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain (b) Emergency Department, Hospital General de Alicante, University Miguel Hernandez, Elche, Alicante, Spain (c) Emergency Department, Hospital General UniversitarioReina Sofia, Murcia, Spain (d) Emergency Department, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Tenerife, Spain (e) Emergency Department, Hospital UniversitarioSevero Ochoa, Universidad Alfonso X, Madrid, Spain (f) Emergency Department, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, IDISSC, Univesdad Complutense, Madrid, Spain * Corresponding author at: Emergency Department, Hospital Clinic, Villarroel 170, 08036 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. Article History: Received 27 August 2020; Revised 18 December 2020; Accepted 24 January 2021 Byline: Oscar Miro omiro@clinic.cat (a,*), Pere Llorens (b), Sonia Jimenez (a), Pascual Pinera (c), Guillermo Burillo-Putze (d), Alfonso Martin (e), Francisco Javier Martin-Sanchez (f), Juan Gonzalez del Castillo (f), Oscar Miro (a), Sonia Jimenez (a), Juan Gonzalez del Castillo (b), Francisco Javier Martin-Sanchez (b), Pere Llorens (c), Guillermo Burillo-Putze (d), Alfonso Martin (e), Pascual Pinera Salmeron (f), Fahd Beddar Chaib (g), Enrique del Hoyo Pelaez (g), Belen Rodriguez Miranda (h), Alejandra Sanchez Arias (h), Noemi Ruiz de Lobera (i), Marta Iglesias Vela (j), Laura Hernando Lopez (j), Carmen del Arco Galan (k), Guillermo Fernandez Jimenez (k), E. Jorge Garcia Lamberechts (l), Marcos Fragiel (l), Maria Jesus Dominguez (m), Maria Eugenia Barrero Ramos (m), Jose Maria Ferreras Amez (n), Belen Arribas Entrala (n), Angel Garcia Garcia (o), Marta Fuentes de Frutos (o), Ricardo Calvo Lopez (p), Javier Jacob-Rodriguez (q), Ferran Llopis-Roca (q), Maria Carmen Ponce (r), Napoleon Melendez (s), Maria Jose Fortuny Bayarri (t), Francisco Jose Salvador Suarez (t), Maria Luisa Lopez Grima (u), M*. Angeles Juan Gomez (u), Javier Millan (v), Jose A. Sanchez Nicolas (w), Paula Lazaro Aragues (w), Francisco Javier Lucas-Imbernon (x), Francisco Javier Lucas-Galan (x), Blas Jimenez (y), Blas Jimenez (z), Rigoberto del Rio (z), Lluis LLauger Garcia (aa), Begona Espinosa (ab), Ana Belen Paya (ab), Juan Miguel Porrino (ac), Maria Rosales Maestre (ac), Maria Jose Cano Cano (ad), Rosa Sorando Serra (ad), Carlos Cardozo (ae), Juan Jose Lopez Diaz (af), Martin Ruiz Grinspan (ag), Cristobal M. Rodriguez Leal (ag), Sara Gayoso Martin (ah), Silvia Ortiz Zamorano (ah), Maria Pilar Lopez Diaz (ai), Carmen Aguera Urbano (aj), Elisa Delgado Padial (aj), Ana Peiro Gomez (ak), Elena Gonzalo Bellver (ak), Laura Ejarque Martinez (al), Maribel Marzo Lambies (al), Jose Noceda (am), Jose Vicente Braso Aznar (an), Jose Luis Ruiz Lopez (an), Alfons Aguirre Tejedo (ao), Isabel Cirera Lorenzo (ao), Alejandro Martin Quiros (ap), Elena Munoz del Val (ap), Enrique Martin Mojarro (aq), Brigitte Silvana Alarcon Jimenez (aq), Virginia Carbajosa (ar), Susana Sanchez Ramon (ar), Matilde Gonzalez Tejera (as), Pablo Herrero Puente (at), Desire Maria Velarde Herrera (at), Francisco Javier Teigell Munoz (au), Juan Carlos Reparaz Gonzalez (au), Felix Gonzalez Martinez (av), Diana Moya Olmeda (av), Anna Palau (aw), Patricia Eiroa Hernandez (ax), Marcos Exposito Rodriguez (ax), Nieves Lopez Laguna (ay), Maria Garcia-Uria (ay), Josep Guardiola (az), Polo Higa Sansome (az), Maria Jose Marchena Gonzalez (ba), EissaJaloud Saavedra (ba), Maria Adroher (bb), Ester Soy Ferrer (bb), Arturo Huertas (bc), Raquel Torres Garate (bd), Beatriz Valle Borrego (bd), Josep Maria ModolDeltell (be), Samuel Olmos Soto (be), Elena Diaz Fernandez (bf), Jose Pavon Monzo (bg), Nayra Cabrera Gonzalez (bg), Ricardo Juarez (bh), Jorge Pedraza Garcia (bi), Manuel Salido (bi), Miguel Moreno Fernandez (bj), Carles Perez (bk), Maria Teresa Maza Vera (bl), Raquel Rodriguez Calveiro (bl), Josep Tost (bm), Antonio Barcelo (bn), Rosario Carrio (bo), Eva Quero Moto (bp)
Purpose:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the demographic characteristics, clinical and pathological factors, and the outcome of cancer and COVID-19 patients in Mexico.
Patients and methods:
A ...prospective, multicentric study was performed through a digital platform to have a national registry of patients with cancer and positive SARS-CoV-2 test results through reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). We performed the analysis through a multivariate logistic regression model and Cox proportional hazard model.
Results:
From May to December 2020, 599 patients were registered with an average age of 56 years with 59.3% female; 27.2% had hypertension. The most frequent diagnoses were breast cancer (30.4%), lymphoma (14.7%), and colorectal cancer (14.0%); 72.1% of patients had active cancer and 23.5% of patients (141/599) were deceased, the majority of which were men (51.7%). This study found that the prognostic factors that reduced the odds of death were gender (OR = 0.42, p = 0.031) and oxygen saturation (OR = 0.90, p = 0.0001); meanwhile, poor ECOG (OR = 5.4, p = 0.0001), active disease (OR = 3.9, p = 0.041), dyspnea (OR = 2.5, p = 0.027), and nausea (OR = 4.0, p = 0.028) increased the odds of death. In the meantime, the factors that reduce survival time were age (HR = 1.36, p = 0.035), COPD (HR = 8.30, p = 0.004), having palliative treatment (HR = 10.70, p = 0.002), and active cancer without treatment (HR = 8.68, p = 0.008).
Conclusion:
Mortality in cancer patients with COVID-19 is determined by prognostic factors whose identification is necessary. In our cancer population, we have observed that being female, younger, non-COPD, with non-active cancer, good performance status, and high oxygen levels reduce the probability of death.
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