Objectives
The Early Neolithic involved an important social and economic shift that can be tested not only with the material culture, but also through biomolecular approaches. The Iberian Peninsula ...presents few Early Neolithic sites where fauna and humans can be analyzed together from an isotopic perspective. Here we present an isotopic study on the site of Cueva de Chaves as an example for understanding the dietary and economical changes that took place during Early Neolithic in Iberia.
Material and methods
Here we apply carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analysis to bone collagen from 4 humans and 64 faunal samples from 14 different species. The large dataset belongs to the same unique chrono‐cultural context secured by 20 radiocarbon dates. Three direct new radiocarbon dates were carried out on the human remains analyzed.
Results
Faunal isotope values show no significant differences between wild and domestic herbivores, although the latter have more homogeneous values. Domestic pigs, potentially considered omnivorous, also show signatures of a herbivore diet. Human isotopic results show a diet mainly based on terrestrial C3 resources and possibly high meat consumption. The only individual found buried with a special funerary treatment presents a slightly different protein intake, when taking into account the long contemporaneous baseline analyzed.
Discussion
Similar values between wild and domestic species could be the result of common feeding resources and/or grazing on the same parts of the landscape. The herbivore diet seen amongst domestic pigs rules out feeding on household leftovers. High meat consumption by humans would support the hypothesis of the existence of a specialized animal husbandry management community in which agriculture was not intensively developed. Our results suggest that the development of agricultural practices and animal husbandry were not necessarily associated together in the early stages of the Western Mediterranean Neolithic.
•Cu accumulation by mussels was enhanced in the presence of humic acids.•Accumulation kinetics were different in the gills than in the rest of the tissues.•Two-compartmental modeling of Cu ...bioaccumulation was performed.•It is demonstrated that Cu-HA aggregates contribute to Cu uptake via the gut.
Copper (Cu) complexation by humic acids (HA) is expected to decrease Cu bioavailability for aquatic organisms as predicted by metal bioavailability models, such as the biotic ligand model (BLM). This has been confirmed for non-feeding organisms such as marine invertebrate embryos or microalgae, but for filter-feeding organisms such as the mussel Mytilus edulis, Cu bioaccumulation was higher in the presence of HA, suggesting that part of the Cu-HA complexes were available for uptake. This study shows the dynamic modeling of Cu accumulation kinetics in the gills and rest of the soft-body of M. edulis in the absence and presence of HA. Assuming that truly dissolved Cu is taken in the body via the gills following BLM premises, and including uptake of Cu-HA aggregates via the gut into the rest compartment, this two-compartmental model could successfully explain the observed bioaccumulation data. This modeling approach gives strong evidence to the hypothesis that Cu-HA aggregates can be ingested by mussels leading to Cu absorption in the digestive system.
The sea-urchin embryo test (SET) has been frequently used as a rapid, sensitive, and cost-effective biological tool for marine monitoring worldwide, but the selection of a sensitive, objective, and ...automatically readable endpoint, a stricter quality control to guarantee optimum handling and biological material, and the identification of confounding factors that interfere with the response have hampered its widespread routine use. Size increase in a minimum of
n=30 individuals per replicate, either normal larvae or earlier developmental stages, was preferred to observer-dependent, discontinuous responses as test endpoint. Control size increase after 48
h incubation at 20
°C must meet an acceptability criterion of 218
μm. In order to avoid false positives minimums of 32‰ salinity, 7
pH and 2
mg/L oxygen, and a maximum of 40
μg/L NH
3 (NOEC) are required in the incubation media. For
in situ testing size increase rates must be corrected on a degree-day basis using 12
°C as the developmental threshold.
Postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) is a significant cause of maternal mortality globally, necessitating prompt and efficient management. This review provides a comprehensive exploration of endovascular ...treatment dimensions for both primary and secondary PPH, with a focus on uterine atony, trauma, placenta accreta spectrum (PAS), and retained products of conception (RPOC). Primary PPH, occurring within 24 h, often results from uterine atony in 70% of causes, but also from trauma, or PAS. Uterine atony involves inadequate myometrial contraction, addressed through uterine massage, oxytocin, and, if needed, mechanical modalities like balloon tamponade. Trauma-related PPH may stem from perineal injuries or pseudoaneurysm rupture, while PAS involves abnormal placental adherence. PAS demands early detection due to associated life-threatening bleeding during delivery. Secondary PPH, occurring within 24 h to 6 weeks postpartum, frequently arises from RPOC. Medical management may include uterine contraction drugs and hemostatic agents, but invasive procedures like dilation and curettage (D&C) or hysteroscopic resection may be required.
Imaging assessments, particularly through ultrasound (US), play a crucial role in the diagnosis and treatment planning of postpartum haemorrhage (PPH), except for uterine atony, where imaging techniques prove to be of limited utility in its management. Computed tomography play an important role in evaluation of trauma related PPH cases and MRI is essential in diagnosing and treatment planning of PAS and RPOC.
Uterine artery embolization (UAE) has become a standard intervention for refractory PPH, offering a rapid, effective, and safe alternative to surgery with a success rate exceeding 85% (Rand T. et al. CVIR Endovasc 3:1-12, 2020). The technical approach involves non-selective uterine artery embolization with resorbable gelatine sponge (GS) in semi-liquid or torpedo presentation as the most extended embolic or calibrated microspheres. Selective embolization is warranted in cases with identifiable bleeding points or RPOC with AVM-like angiographic patterns and liquid embolics could be a good option in this scenario. UAE in PAS requires a tailored approach, considering the degree of placental invasion. A thorough understanding of female pelvis vascular anatomy and collateral pathways is essential for accurate and safe UAE.
In conclusion, integrating interventional radiology techniques into clinical guidelines for primary and secondary PPH management and co-working during labour is crucial.
Graphical Abstract
Aneurysms of the portal vein and its branches have been rarely described. Their natural history is unknown although large ones (>3 cm in diameter) have been reported to cause rupture, thrombosis, ...duodenal or biliary obstruction, inferior vena cava compression and/or portal hypertension. We report the case of an incidentally diagnosed 4.5 cm splenic vein aneurysm repaired by endovascular treatment through a transhepatic route. The aneurysm was successfully excluded using a covered stent (Viabahn, Gore). The transhepatic route opens the possibility of offering a minimally invasive approach to vascular lesions of the portal vein system. Splenic vein aneurysms were first reported in 1953 (1) and they are part of the extrahepatic portal vein aneurysm group (2). Their mechanism of development is not well understood. Etiology may include congenital causes (inherent weakness of the vessel wall) or acquired causes (trauma, inflammation such as pancreatitis, liver disease, or portal hypertension). However, portal aneurysms do not seem to be the result of an isolated portal hypertension since they are extremely rare even in patients with this condition (3). The demographic characteristics of extrahepatic portal vein aneurysm include a female-to-male ratio of 2:1 and the median age of 52 years (range, 5-77 years). The size of the reported aneurysms ranges from 1.9 to 8 cm. The most common location of the aneurysm is in the main portal vein trunk, the junction of the superior mesenteric vein and the splenic vein, or at the hepatic hilus; intrahepatic venous aneurysms are rare (4, 5). Here, for the first time, we report the successful endovascular treatment of a splenic vein aneurysm through transhepatic percutaneous approach using a Viabahn stent.
•The radiocarbon dating results corroborate the use of the pilgrim's shell since at least the 11th century CE.•The data suggest that the pilgrimage was mainly an urban phenomenon for populations from ...the northern Iberian Peninsula.•The pilgrimage was conducted equally by women and men.•Female pilgrims may have had greater access to animal protein than their male counterparts.•The individuals buried with the scallop shell had δ15N and δ13C indicative of a heterogeneous group.
The Camino de Santiago emerged in the first half of the 9th century CE following the reported discovery of the remains of the Apostle St James by the bishop of Iria-Flavia, Teodomiro. Since then, hundreds of thousands of pilgrims have walked from different parts of the Iberian Peninsula, Europe, and further afield to Santiago de Compostela's Cathedral. This route was particularly important to the populations of Navarre and Aragon, two kingdoms in northern Spain that rose to prominence with the resurgence of Christianity from the 11th century onwards. Here, we present multidisciplinary analysis of medieval individuals buried in Navarre and Aragon at a time when the Camino de Santiago was reaching its peak of popularity (11th-15th centuries CE). We use stable isotope analysis (δ15N, δ13C, δ18O, and δ13Cap) and radiocarbon dating to investigate a total of 82 human individuals together with 42 fauna samples from 8 different archaeological sites located in the northeast of the Iberian Peninsula. Twenty of these individuals were buried with a scallop shell, a symbol of a pilgrim who had completed the Camino de Santiago. Our data corroborate the use of the pilgrim's shell since at least the 11th century CE. Moreover, our results suggest that the pilgrimage was mainly an urban phenomenon for populations from the northern Iberian Peninsula, conducted equally by women and men, although with indications that female pilgrims may have had greater access to animal protein than their male counterparts. Our results represent the largest isotopic dataset of medieval individuals linked to the Camino de Santiago, allowing us to further investigate the origins and diets of potential pilgrims and, more generally, other sampled portions of northeastern Iberian society.
Las disciplinas dentro de las áreas de conocimiento son transversales y se configuran con las aportaciones de diferentes culturas y países. En el campo de los estudios sobre el periodismo (como en ...muchos otros), el ímpetu de las perspectivas de raíz anglosajona ha dejado en la penumbra otras aproximaciones e intentos. Aunque toda tradición, al menos en la cultura occidental, aparece entreverada con las demás, también presenta unas peculiaridades que enriquecen el debate. Este artículo se marca como objetivo dar a conocer la tradición hispanoamericana y, especialmente, la española en lo que se refiere a las reflexiones acerca de los estudios sobre el periodismo como disciplina universitaria. La preocupación por dotar al periodismo de un estatuto disciplinar ha estado siempre presente, pero, sobre todo, con el paso de las escuelas a las universidades. En ese paso, en ese gozne, España se caracteriza por haber generado una intensa y prolongada discusión acerca de los elementos que definen el periodismo como una disciplina de rango universitario. Ese debate apenas ha tenido lugar en Hispanoamérica. La metodología se basa en la revisión de la bibliografía publicada al respecto, con especial atención a la de los autores pioneros: Martínez Albertos, Núñez-Ladèveze y Casasús. Dada la relevancia que esa reflexión ha tenido España, se desarrolla con más detalle ese debate y se formula como conclusión una propuesta renovada que define la periodística y describe su objeto de estudio, sus ámbitos, su naturaleza multidisciplinar y las metodologías de investigación de las que se auxilia.
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