An ultrathin micro-patterned MXene/PEDOT:PSS-based organic electrochemical transistor biosensor was constructed, which can significantly amplify the amperometric signal and transistor’s performance. ...A novel interdigitated OECTs biosensor has been developed for reliable determination of survivin for the following considerations: (1) The synergistic effect of intercalated MXene and ionic PEDOT:PSS enhanced the mobility and volumetric capacitance of OECTs biosensor. (2) Compared with the best previous literatures, our assay demonstrated enhanced detection limit of survivin down to 10 pg mL
−1
, as well as satisfactory selectivity, reproducibility, and reliability. (3) Comparison of OECTs against commercial ELISA kit yielded favorable linearity (
Y
= 1.0015*
X
+ 0.0039) and correlation coefficient (
R
2
= 0.9717). Those advantages are expected to pave the way to design of an OECTs biosensor with robustness, non-invasiveness, and miniaturization for the point-of-care applications.
Graphical abstract
A xylanase-producing strain, identified as
sp. T7, was isolated from soil by our lab. The endo-β-1,4-xylanase (
ST7) gene was found in the genome sequence of strain T7, which was cloned and expressed ...in
. XynST7 belonged to the glycoside hydrolase family 10, with a molecular mass of approximately 47 kDa. The optimum pH and temperature of XynST7 were pH 6.0 and 60 °C, respectively, and it showed wide pH and temperature adaptability and stability, retaining more than half of its enzyme activity between pH 5.0 and 11.0 below 80 °C. XynST7 showed only endo-β-1,4-xylanase activity without cellulase- or β-xylosidase activity, and it showed maximal hydrolysis for corncob xylan in all the test substrates. Then, XynST7 was used for the production of xylo-oligosaccharides (XOSs) by hydrolyzing xylan extracted from raw corncobs. The maximum yield of the XOS was 8.61 ± 0.13 mg/mL using 15 U/mL of XynST7 and 1.5% corncob xylan after 10 h of incubation at 60 °C. The resulting hydrolysate products mainly consisted of xylobiose and xylotriose. These data indicated that XynST7 might by a promising tool for various industrial applications.
Previous breakthroughs in biosensor diagnostics stem from engineering and nanocomposites. Accurately detecting low-abundance compounds such as methotrexate in complex biospecimens (e.g. serum) is an ...important clinical challenge. To address this issue, a MWCNTs-doped MXene-based multi-spiral-channel field-effect transistor (MMSFETs) biosensor was constructed for ultrasensitive quantification of methotrexate. Our integrated biosensor exhibited following merits: a) The synergetic performance of MXene and MWCNTs for enhanced transconductance (0.63 mS) and detection capability (methotrexate, linear range of 0.001–100 μM and LOD down to 0.352 nM); b) Favorable selectivity, stability (one month), reproducibility (RSD = 0.99%, n = 7) for biosensing of methotrexate; c) Acceptable clinical performances on comparisons of MMFETs against commercial Abbott automatic immunoluminescence instrument (ARCHITECT I1000): favorable linearity and correlation coefficient (YMMSFETs = 1.4305 × Xtargeted concentration + 4.3791 with R2 = 0.949), significant p value (7.68E-12 < 0.001) and diagnosis capability of AUC (0.9907). Those advantages are anticipated to pave an avenue to design of the FETs-based biosensor towards the point-of-care diagnostics applications.
The induction of ferroptosis is suggested to be a potential therapeutic strategy for cancers. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are reported to play an important role in cell death processes. This study aims to ...construct and validate a risk model based on ferroptosis-related miRNAs (FR_miRNAs) to predict prognosis and identify novel therapeutic targets for osteosarcoma. Data from the Therapeutically Applicable Research to Generate Effective Treatments database are used as the training cohort. A prognostic signature based on two FR_miRNAs (miR-635 and miR-593) is developed using univariate Cox regression, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression, and multivariate Cox regression analyses. The area under the curve values of the prognostic signature to predict the 1-year, 2-year, 3-year, and 5-year overall survival rates in patients with osteosarcoma are 0.782, 0.781, 0.722, and 0.777, respectively, indicating a good predictive ability. Based on the risk score, patients are divided into low-risk and high-risk groups. Patients with high-risk scores are associated with poor survival. The risk level is determined to be an independent prognostic factor. A nomogram is established for predicting prognosis. The expression levels of
(miR-635-related ferroptosis-related gene (FRG);
=0.024) and
(miR-593-related FRG;
=0.025) are significantly different between the low-risk and high-risk groups. All results are validated in an external cohort (GSE39040). The results of the functional assay reveal that miR-635 mimics inhibit osteosarcoma (OS) cell proliferation and migration, whereas miR-593 overexpression exerts the opposite effect. In conclusion, miR-635 and miR-593 exert contrasting regulatory effects on OS cell proliferation and migration.
Allicin is a major bioactive ingredient of garlic and has a broad range of biological activities. Allicin has been reported to protect against cell apoptosis induced by H2O2 in human umbilical vein ...endothelial cells. The present study evaluated the neuroprotective effect of allicin on the H2O2-induced apoptosis of rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells in vitro and explored the underlying mechanism involved. PC12 cells were incubated with increasing concentrations of allicin and the toxic effect of allicin was measured by MTT assay. The cells were pretreated for 24 h with low dose (L-), medium dose (M-) and high dose (H-) of allicin, followed by exposure to 200 µM H2O2 for 2 h, and the cell viability was examined by MTT assay. In addition, cell apoptosis rate was analyzed by Annexin V-FITC/PI assay, while intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial transmembrane potential (∆ψm) were measured by flow cytometry. Bcl-2, Bax, cleaved-caspase-3 and cytochrome c (Cyt C) in the mitochondria were also examined by western blotting. The results demonstrated that 0.01 µg/ml (L-allicin), 0.1 µg/ml (M-allicin) and 1 µg/ml (H-allicin) were non-toxic doses of allicin. Furthermore, H2O2 reduced cell viability, promoted cell apoptosis, induced ROS production and decreased ∆ψm. However, allicin treatment reversed the effect of H2O2 in a dose-dependent manner. It was also observed that H2O2 exposure significantly decreased Bcl-2 and mitochondrial Cyt C, while it increased Bax and cleaved-caspase-3, which were attenuated by allicin pretreatment. The results revealed that allicin protected PC12 cells from H2O2-induced cell apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway, suggesting the potential neuroprotective effect of allicin against neurological diseases.
To explore the mechanism by which long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) TTN-AS1 regulates osteosarcoma cell apoptosis and drug resistance via the microRNA miR-134-5p/malignant brain tumour domain containing 1 ...(MBTD1) axis.
The lncRNA TTN-AS1 was highly expressed in osteosarcoma and was associated with poor prognosis. The lncRNA TTN-AS1 promoted cell viability and inhibited apoptosis. MiR-134-5p targeted MBTD1, which was regulated by lncRNA TTN-AS1. MBTD1 was highly expressed in osteosarcoma and was associated with poor prognosis. MBTD1 promoted cell viability and inhibited apoptosis, and knockdown of MBTD1 reversed the cancer-promoting effects of lncRNA TTN-AS1. Downregulation of lncRNA TTN-AS1 reduced drug resistance.
In osteosarcoma, lncRNA TTN-AS1 promoted the expression of MBTD1 by targeting miR-134-5p and regulated cell growth, apoptosis and drug resistance.
The expression characteristics of genes in osteosarcoma patients were analysed using bioinformatics. Plasmid transfection technology was applied to silence or overexpress lncRNA TTN-AS1, miR-134-5p and MBTD1. Western blotting and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) were used to detect protein and RNA, respectively. A cell counting kit 8 (CCK-8) and flow cytometry were used to detect cell viability and apoptosis. The effects of lncRNA TTN-AS1 and MBTD1 on osteosarcoma in vivo were studied by using a tumour burden assay.
The induction of ferroptosis is suggested to be a potential therapeutic strategy for
cancers. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are reported to play an important role in cell death
processes. This study aims to ...construct and validate a risk model based on
ferroptosis-related miRNAs (FR_miRNAs) to predict prognosis and identify novel therapeutic
targets for osteosarcoma. Data from the Therapeutically Applicable Research to Generate
Effective Treatments database are used as the training cohort. A prognostic signature
based on two FR_miRNAs (miR-635 and miR-593) is developed using univariate Cox regression,
least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression, and multivariate Cox
regression analyses. The area under the curve values of the prognostic signature to
predict the 1-year, 2-year, 3-year, and 5-year overall survival rates in patients with
osteosarcoma are 0.782, 0.781, 0.722, and 0.777, respectively, indicating a good
predictive ability. Based on the risk score, patients are divided into low-risk and
high-risk groups. Patients with high-risk scores are associated with poor survival. The
risk level is determined to be an independent prognostic factor. A nomogram is established
for predicting prognosis. The expression levels of
PRNP
(miR-635-related
ferroptosis-related gene (FRG);
P
=0.024) and
HILPDA
(miR-593-related FRG;
P
=0.025) are significantly different between the
low-risk and high-risk groups. All results are validated in an external cohort (GSE39040).
The results of the functional assay reveal that miR-635 mimics inhibit osteosarcoma (OS)
cell proliferation and migration, whereas miR-593 overexpression exerts the opposite
effect. In conclusion, miR-635 and miR-593 exert contrasting regulatory effects on OS cell
proliferation and migration.
This study aims to investigate the effect of allicin on motor functions and histopathologic changes after spinal cord injury and the mechanism underlying its neuroprotective effects.
The motor ...function of rats was evaluated with the Basso, Beattie, and Bresna test. Histopathologic changes were evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin and Nissl staining. Spinal cord oxidative stress markers were determined by measuring glutathione and malondialdehyde content and superoxide dismutase activity using commercial kits. Inflammatory factors were determined by measuring tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β and interleukin-6 using ELISA assay. Apoptosis was examined using TUNEL staining. The effect of allicin on Nrf2 protein levels and localization was assessed using immunofluorescence staining and Western blotting analysis.
Results demonstrated that allicin accelerated the motor functional recovery and protected neuron damage against spinal cord injury (SCI). SCI-induced oxidative stress, inflammatory response and cell apoptosis in the spinal cord were also prevented by allicin. In addition, we observed that SCI increased Nrf2 nuclear expression, and allicin treatment further increased Nrf2 nuclear translocation in neurons and astrocytes. siRNA-mediated Nrf2 gene knockdown completely blocked the effect of allicin on spinal cord tissue.
Our finding suggests that allicin promotes the recovery of motor function after SCI in rats, and this effect may be related to its anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects. Allicin mediated Nrf2 nuclear translocation may be involved in the protective effect as well.
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•Green reduction of graphene oxide using chitosan.•Fabrication of RGO/Chitosan film.•Biocompatibility of RGO/Chitosan for cartilage tissue engineering application.
Graphene oxide (GO) ...has been successfully deoxygenated via an environmental friendly approach using chitosan. The prepared RGO was characterized using several microscopic and spectroscopic techniques. Also, the synthesized RGO is used to develop a highly compatible film with chitosan. Further, the in-vitro cytotoxicity results showed the biocompatible nature of prepared RGO/chitosan composite towards the human articular chondrocytes indicating their use in future cartilage tissue engineering applications.
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