Rechargeable aqueous zinc-organic batteries are promising energy storage systems with low-cost aqueous electrolyte and zinc metal anode. The electrochemical properties can be systematically adjusted ...with molecular design on organic cathode materials. Herein, we use a symmetric small molecule quinone cathode, tetraamino-p-benzoquinone (TABQ), with desirable functional groups to protonate and accomplish dominated proton insertion from weakly acidic zinc electrolyte. The hydrogen bonding network formed with carbonyl and amino groups on the TABQ molecules allows facile proton conduction through the Grotthuss-type mechanism. It guarantees activation energies below 300 meV for charge transfer and proton diffusion. The TABQ cathode delivers a high capacity of 303 mAh g
at 0.1 A g
in a zinc-organic battery. With the increase of current density to 5 A g
, 213 mAh g
capacity is still preserved with stable cycling for 1000 times. Our work proposes an effective approach towards high performance organic electrode materials.
Despite clinical applications of the first‐generation tissue adhesives and hemostats, the correlation among microstructure and hemostasis of hydrogels with wound healing is less understood and it is ...elusive to design high‐performance hydrogels to meet worldwide growing demands in wound closure, hemostasis, and healing. Inspired by the microstructure of extracellular matrix and mussel‐mimetic chemistry, two kinds of coordinated and covalent glycopolypeptide hydrogels are fabricated, which present tunable tissue adhesion strength (14.6–83.9 kPa) and microporous structure (8–18 µm), and lower hemolysis <1.5%. Remarkably, the microporous size mainly controls the hemostasis, and those hydrogels with larger pores of 16–18 µm achieve the fastest hemostasis of ≈14 s and the lowest blood loss of ≈6% than fibrin glue and others. Moreover, both biocompatibility and hemostasis affect wound healing performance, as assessed by hemolysis, cytotoxicity, subcutaneous implantation, and hemostasis and healing assays. Importantly, the glycopolypeptide hydrogel‐treated rat‐skin defect model achieves full wound closure and regenerates thick dermis and epidermis with some hair follicles on day 14. Consequently, this work not only establishes a versatile method for constructing glycopolypeptide hydrogels with tunable adhesion and microporous structure, fast hemostasis, and superior healing functions, but also discloses a useful rationale for designing high‐performance hemostatic and healing hydrogels.
Two kinds of coordinated and covalent glycopolypeptide hydrogels are fabricated, which present tunable tissue adhesion strength, microporous structure, and lower hemolysis. The large microporous hydrogels achieve superior hemostasis and regenerate thick dermis/epidermis with some hair follicles during wound healing. Significantly, this work discloses the correlation of microstructure‐hemostasis‐wound healing, guiding the design of high‐performance hydrogels‐based hemostatic and healing adhesives and dressings.
Vulnerable atherosclerotic (AS) plaque is the major cause of cardiovascular death. However, clinical methods cannot directly identify the vulnerable AS plaque at molecule level. Herein, osteopontin ...antibody (OPN Ab) and NIR fluorescence molecules of ICG co‐assembled Ti3C2 nanosheets are reported as an advanced nanoprobe (OPN Ab/Ti3C2/ICG) with enhanced photoacoustic (PA) performance for direct and non‐invasive in vivo visual imaging of vulnerable AS plaque. The designed OPN Ab/Ti3C2/ICG nanoprobes successfully realize obvious NIR fluorescence imaging toward foam cells as well as the vulnerable AS plaque slices. After intravenous injection of OPN Ab/Ti3C2/ICG nanoprobes into AS model mice, in vivo imaging results show a significantly enhanced PA signal in the aortic arch accumulated with vulnerable plaque, well indicating the remarkable feasibility of OPN Ab/Ti3C2/ICG nanoprobes to distinguish the vulnerable AS plaque. The proposed OPN Ab/Ti3C2/ICG nanoprobes not only overcome the clinical difficulty to differentiate vulnerable plaque, but also achieve the non‐invasively specific in vivo imaging of vulnerable AS plaque at molecule level, greatly promoting the innovation of cardiovascular diagnosis technology.
Direct identification of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque at the molecular level is critical to prevent cardiovascular death. Osteopontin antibody (OPN Ab)/Ti3C2/indocyanine green nanoprobes with excellent photoacoustic performance well realize the non‐invasive in vivo imaging of vulnerable plaque through the targeted recognition of OPN‐overexpressed foam cells that are the main ingredients of vulnerable plaque, significantly advancing the innovation of cardiovascular disease diagnosis technology.
Intense infiltration of tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) facilitates malignant growth of glioblastoma (GBM), but the underlying mechanisms remain undefined. Herein, we report that TAMs secrete ...abundant pleiotrophin (PTN) to stimulate glioma stem cells (GSCs) through its receptor PTPRZ1 thus promoting GBM malignant growth through PTN-PTPRZ1 paracrine signalling. PTN expression correlates with infiltration of CD11b
/CD163
TAMs and poor prognosis of GBM patients. Co-implantation of M2-like macrophages (MLCs) promoted GSC-driven tumour growth, but silencing PTN expression in MLCs mitigated their pro-tumorigenic activity. The PTN receptor PTPRZ1 is preferentially expressed in GSCs and also predicts GBM poor prognosis. Disrupting PTPRZ1 abrogated GSC maintenance and tumorigenic potential. Moreover, blocking the PTN-PTPRZ1 signalling by shRNA or anti-PTPRZ1 antibody potently suppressed GBM tumour growth and prolonged animal survival. Our study uncovered a critical molecular crosstalk between TAMs and GSCs through the PTN-PTPRZ1 paracrine signalling to support GBM malignant growth, indicating that targeting this signalling axis may have therapeutic potential.
Abstract
As the most well-known electrocatalyst for cathodic hydrogen evolution in water splitting electrolyzers, platinum is unfortunately inefficient for anodic oxygen evolution due to its ...over-binding with oxygen species and excessive dissolution in oxidative environment. Herein we show that single Pt atoms dispersed in cobalt hydrogen phosphate with an unique Pt(OH)(O
3
)/Co(P) coordination can achieve remarkable catalytic activity and stability for oxygen evolution. The catalyst yields a high turnover frequency (35.1 ± 5.2 s
−1
) and mass activity (69.5 ± 10.3 A mg
−1
) at an overpotential of 300 mV and excellent stability. Mechanistic studies elucidate that the superior catalytic performance of isolated Pt atoms herein stems from optimal binding energies of oxygen intermediate and also their strong electronic coupling with neighboring Co atoms that suppresses the formation of soluble Pt
x
>4
species. Alkaline water electrolyzers assembled with an ultralow Pt loading realizes an industrial-level current density of 1 A cm
−2
at 1.8 volts with a high durability.
The present meta-analytic review aimed to synthesize the global prevalence characteristics of digital addiction in the general population. We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and PsycINFO ...for studies reporting prevalence of various subtypes of digital addiction published before October 31, 2021. Studies were eligible if they were published in peer-reviewed journals, used a validated tool to assess digital addiction, and passed the qualify assessment. In total, 498 articles with 507 studies were included in systematic review, and the meta-analysis included 495 articles with 504 studies covering 2,123,762 individuals from 64 countries. Global pooled prevalence estimates were 26.99% (95% CI, 22.73–31.73) for smartphone addiction, 17.42% (95% CI, 12.42–23.89) for social media addiction, 14.22% (95% CI, 12.90–15.65) for Internet addiction, 8.23% (95% CI, 5.75–11.66) for cybersex addiction, and 6.04% (95% CI, 4.80–7.57) for game addiction. Higher prevalence of digital addiction was found in Eastern Mediterranean region and low/lower-middle income countries. Males had higher risk for Internet and game addiction. An increasing trend of digital addiction during the past two decades was found, which dramatically worsened during COVID-19 pandemic. This study provides the first and comprehensive estimation for the global prevalence of multiple subtypes of digital addiction, which varied between regions, economic levels, time periods of publication, genders, and assessment scales.
PROSPERO ID: CRD42020171117.
•1/4 general population could be affected by at least one subtype of digital addiction.•Prevalence differed among subtypes of digital addiction, with big geographical variation.•Low/lower-middle income countries had higher burden of digital addiction.•Males had higher prevalence of Internet addiction and game addiction than females.•Increasing trend of digital addiction was worsened by COVID-19 pandemic.
The mechanisms underpinning high energy storage density in lead-free Ag1–3xNdxTayNb1-yO3 antiferroelectric (AFE) ceramics have been investigated. Rietveld refinements of in-situ synchrotron X-ray ...data reveal that the structure remains quadrupled and orthorhombic under electric field (E) but adopts a non-centrosymmetric space group, Pmc21, in which the cations exhibit a ferrielectric configuration. Nd and Ta doping both stabilize the AFE structure, thereby increasing the AFE-ferrielectric switching field from 150 to 350 kV cm−1. Domain size and correlation length of AFE/ferrielectric coupling reduce with Nd doping, leading to slimmer hysteresis loops. The maximum polarization (Pmax) is optimized through A-site aliovalent doping which also decreases electrical conductivity, permitting the application of a larger E. These effects combine to enhance energy storage density to give Wrec = 6.5 J cm−3 for Ag0.97Nd0.01Ta0.20Nb0.80O3.
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Schematic diagram illustrating how energy storage density is optimized through doping in AgNbO3 and shedding light on the design of novel antiferroelectric (AFE) materials with excellent energy storage density.
●Excellent performance achieved for AgNbO3-based antiferroelectric lead-free energy storage ceramics.●The first observation of a field induced ferrielectric phase.●4 principles proposed for the design of high energy density properties of AgNbO3-based antiferroelectric ceramics: i) increased resistivity, ii) optimization of maximum polarization, iii) decreased antipolar/polar coupling, and iv) enhanced AFE stability.
A multilayered graphene hydrogel (MGH) membrane is used as an excellent barrier membrane for guided bone regeneration. The unique multilayered nanostructure of the MGH membrane results in improved ...material properties, which benefits protein adsorption, cell adhesion, and apatite deposition, and allows higher quality and fast bone regeneration.
Electrochemical water splitting for hydrogen production has sparked intensive interests because it provides a new approach for sustainable energy resources and the avoidance of environmental ...problems. The precious metal‐based single atomic catalysts (PMSACs) have been widely employed in water splitting catalysis by virtue of their maximum atom utilization and unique electronic structure, which can reduce metal amounts and remain high catalytic performance simultaneously. In this review, we will summarize recent research efforts toward developing SACs based on precious metals with excellent performance for electrochemical water splitting catalysis. First, the synthesis strategies for PMSACs will be classified and introduced including high‐temperature pyrolysis, electrochemical method, photochemical reduction, wet chemistry method, etc. Then, a short description of characterization techniques for SACs will be given, which mainly involves the aberration‐corrected scanning‐transmission electron microscopy (AC‐STEM) and X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). In particular, the relationship between the electronic structure of the precious metal atomic sites and performance for water splitting will be discussed according to the theoretical and experimental results. Finally, a brief perspective will be provided to highlight the challenges and opportunities for the development of novel PMSACs suitable for electrochemical water splitting applications.
The precious metal‐based single atomic catalysts (PMSACs) have been widely employed in water splitting catalysis by virtue of their maximum atom utilization and unique electronic structure, which can reduce metal amounts and remain high catalytic performance simultaneously. In this review, we summarized recent research efforts toward developing SACs based on precious metals with excellent activities for electrochemical water splitting catalysis including synthesis strategy, characterization technique, performance, and mechanism of water splitting.
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