Combining photodynamic antimicrobials with nonwovens is prospective. However, common photosensitizers still have drawbacks such as poor photoactivity and the inability to charge. In this study, a ...photodynamic and high-efficiency antimicrobial protective material was prepared by grafting bis benzophenone-structured 4,4-terephthaloyl diphthalic anhydride (TDPA) photosensitizer, and antimicrobial agent chlorogenic acid (CA) onto spunbond-meltblown-spunbond (SMS) membranes. The charging rates for
OH and H
O
were 6377.89 and 913.52 μg/g/h. The light absorption transients structural storage remained above 69% for 1 month. High electrical capacity remained after seven cycles indicating its rechargeability and recyclability. The SMS/TDPA/CA membrane has excellent bactericidal performance when under illumination or lightless conditions, and the bactericidal efficiency of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus reached over 99%. The construction of self-disinfection textiles based on the photodynamic strategies proposed in this paper is constructive for expanding and promoting the application of textile materials in the medical field.
Deep mixed oils with secondary alterations have been widely discovered in the Tarim Basin, but current methods based on biomarkers and isotopes to de-convolute mixed oil cannot calculate the exact ...mixing proportion of different end-member oils, which has seriously hindered further exploration of deep hydrocarbons in the study area. To solve this problem, we constructed a novel method based on the carbon isotope (δ13C) of the group components to de-convolute mixed liquid hydrocarbons under the material balance principle. The results showed that the mixed oil in the Tazhong Uplift was dominantly contributed at an average proportion of 68% by an oil end-member with heavier δ13C that was believed to be generated from the Cambrian-Lower Ordovician source rocks, whereas the mixed oil in the Tabei Uplift was predominantly contributed at an average proportion of 61% by an oil end-member with lighter δ13C that was believed to be generated from the Middle-Upper Ordovician source rocks. This indicates that, on the basis of the detailed description of the distribution of effective source rocks, the proposed method will be helpful in realizing differential exploration and further improving the efficiency of deep liquid hydrocarbon exploration in the Tarim Basin. In addition, compared to traditional δ13C methods for whole oil and individual n-alkanes in de-convoluted mixed oil, the proposed method has a wider range of applications, including for mixed oils with variations in color and density, indicating potential for promoting the exploration of deep complex mixed oils in the Tarim Basin and even around the world.
Although progress has been made in enantioselective hydroboration of di- and trisubstituted alkenes over the past decades, enantioselective hydroboration of tetrasubstituted alkenes with high ...diastereo- and enantioselectivities continues as an unmet challenge since the 1950s due to its extremely low reactivity and the difficulties to simultaneously control the regio- and stereoselectivity of a tetrasubstituted alkene. Here, we report highly regio-, diastereo-, and enantioselective catalytic hydroboration of diverse acyclic tetrasubstituted alkenes. The delicate interplay of an electron-rich rhodium complex and coordination-assistance forms a highly adaptive catalyst that effectively overcomes the low reactivity and controls the stereoselectivity. The generality of the catalyst system is exemplified by its efficacy across various tetrasubstituted alkenes with diverse steric and electronic properties.
Summary
Although it is well known that miRNAs play crucial roles in multiple biological processes, there is currently no evidence indicating that milRNAs from Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici ...(Fol) interfere with tomato resistance during infection.
Here, using sRNA‐seq, we demonstrate that Fol‐milR1, a trans‐kingdom small RNA, is exported into tomato cells after infection.
The knockout strain ∆Fol‐milR1 displays attenuated pathogenicity to the susceptible tomato cultivar ‘Moneymaker’. On the other hand, Fol‐milR1 overexpression strains exhibit enhanced virulence against the resistant cultivar ‘Motelle’. Several tomato mRNAs are predicted targets of Fol‐milR1. Among these genes, Solyc06g007430 (encoding the CBL‐interacting protein kinase, SlyFRG4) is regulated at the posttranscriptional level by Fol‐milR1. Furthermore, SlyFRG4 loss‐of‐function alleles created using CRISPR/Cas9 in tomato (‘Motelle’) exhibit enhanced disease susceptibility to Fol, further supporting the idea that SlyFRG4 is essential for tomato wilt disease resistance. Notably, our results using immunoprecipitation with specific antiserum suggest that Fol‐milR1 interferes with the host immunity machinery by binding to tomato ARGONAUTE 4a (SlyAGO4a). Furthermore, virus‐induced gene silenced (VIGS) knock‐down SlyAGO4a plants exhibit reduced susceptibility to Fol.
Together, our findings support a model in which Fol‐milR1 is an sRNA fungal effector that suppresses host immunity by silencing a disease resistance gene, thus providing a novel virulence strategy to achieve infection.
See also the Commentary on this article by Thieron et al., 232: 464–467.
Background And Objectives: Epidemiologie studies have attributed adverse health effects to air pollution; however, controversy remains regarding the relationship between ambient oxidante ozone (O₃) ...and nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) and mortality, especially in Asia. We conducted a fourcity time-series study to investigate acute effects of O₃ and NO₂ in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) of southern China, using data from 2006 through 2008. Methods: We used generalized linear models with Poisson regression incorporating natural spline functions to analyze acute mortality in association with O₃ and NO₂, with PM₁₀ (paniculate matter ≤ 10 μm in diameter) included as a major confounder. Effect estimates were determined for individual cities and for the four cities as a whole. We stratified the analysis according to high-and low-exposure periods for O₃. Results: We found consistent positive associations between ambient oxidants and daily mortality across the PRD cities. Overall, 10-μg/m³ increases in average O₃ and NO₂ concentrations over the previous 2 days were associated with 0.81% 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.63%, 1.00% and 1.95% (95% CI: 1.62%, 2.29%) increases in total mortality, respectively, with stronger estimated effects for cardiovascular and respiratory mortality. After adjusting for PM₁₀, estimated effects of O₃ on total and cardiovascular mortality were stronger for exposure during high-exposure months (September through November), whereas respiratory mortality was associated with O3 exposure during nonpeak exposure months only. Conclusions: Our findings suggest significant acute mortality effects of O₃ and NO₂ in the PRD and strengthen the rationale for further limiting the ambient pollution levels in the area.
The efficiency and effectiveness of the rust removal of self-rotary ultra-high-pressure (UHP) derusting sprayers (UHP-DSs) heavily rely on the spatial arrangement and technical specifications of UHP ...water-jet nozzles. However, the current design approaches for UHP-DSs primarily depend on engineering guidance or experiential knowledge and lack precise theoretical analysis and optimisation frameworks. To address this gap, a novel integrated optimisation design method for UHP-DSs was proposed, which merges the CFD scheme with a spatial layout strategy for the nozzle to bolster system efficiency. First, a thorough hydrodynamic performance analysis of the UHP nozzle was conducted using the CFD method to identify the optimal process parameters. Following this, an accumulative impinging-duration optimisation model was developed to systematically evaluate the trajectory characteristics of UHP-DSs and ensure uniformity of the water-jet energy distribution. Second, a theoretical calculation model on self-rotary UHP-DSs was established to explain the correlation between the spatial arrangement of the nozzle and self-rotary speed. Finally, the optimal spatial arrangement of the nozzle was determined using the particle swarm optimisation algorithm to maximise water-jet energy uniformity, with the corresponding attack angles obtained via the theoretical self-rotary model. Experimental verification indicated that the proposed optimisation design method could effectively enhance the rust removal efficiency of UHP-DSs by approximately 44.1% compared to that of the original design scheme. Therefore, it has promising applications for improving ship maintenance practices in the maritime industry.
•Propose an accumulative impinging-duration model to evaluate water jet energy distribution.•Propose a self-rotary model for rust-removing sprayer to achieve desired rotation speed.•CFD-integrated layout can boost rust-removing efficiency by 44.1%.
Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries are next generation of chemical power sources for energy storage and electrical vehicles, because of its high theoretical capacity and high energy density with cheap ...nontoxicity sulfur cathode. However, for the large-scale applications it is still a major challenge to produce Li-S batteries with remarkable capacity and long stability. Herein, a graphitized carbon/sulfur composites cathode was fabricated with an ultrahigh sulfur percentage of 90wt%, which could deliver a high initial overall discharge capacity of 1070 mAh g−1(S-C) and a discharge capacity of 804 mAh g−1(S-C) after 50 cycles. Even with a sulfur loading as high as 4mgcm−2, the graphitized C/S composites can still deliver a high initial overall discharge capacity of 908 mAh g−1(S-C) and a discharge capacity of 739 mAh g−1(S-C) after 100 cycles. The graphitized carbon with high electrical conductivity, adjustable pore size, pore volume and surface area was synthesized by using commercialized nano-CaCO3 as template and graphitization catalyst. Density functional theory calculation revealed the graphitized structure exhibited stronger adhesion strength with polysulfide. Moreover, the porosity of graphitized carbon enhances the adsorption between carbon and polysulfide.
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•Commercialized CaCO3 was used as template and graphitization catalyst to synthesize graphitized carbon.•As-prepared cathode material with a high sulfur loading of 4mgcm−2 and 90wt% sulfur.•Graphitized carbon exhibits stronger adhesion with polysulfide and improve battery performance.
We analyzed the composition and distribution of phytoplankton in relation to physicochemical factors in the Changjiang (Yangtze River) Estuary and adjacent East China Sea shelf in June and August ...2009. Diatoms and dinoflagellates dominated the community, particularly in eutrophic inshore waters controlled by the Changjiang Diluted Water (CDW), coastal current, and upwelling. However, high densities of cyanobacteria and cryptophytes were observed in the oligotrophic offshore waters influenced by the Taiwan Warm Current (TWC) and Kuroshio. In June, the northeastward CDW plume combined with the Yellow Sea Coastal Current induced algal bloom in the northern part of the CE. In August, the enhanced CDW formed two narrow, low-salinity tongues that extended eastward and southward (associated with the upwelling and coastal current), resulting in phytoplankton blooms off the CE and in the Zhejiang coastal waters, respectively. Phytoplankton abundance in August was considerably higher than in June, with increased solar radiation, CDW, and upwelling. The maximum abundance occurred on the surface in inshore turbid waters and on the subsurface (5-30m) in offshore clear waters with increased stratification. Based on multidimensional scaling and cluster analysis, we found appreciable spatio-temporal variations in algal community composition. Different ecological groups corresponded with hydrographic distributions. Canonical correspondence analysis showed that nutrients, salinity, temperature, and suspended particulate matter were the main variables associated with community distribution. We suggest that the variations in summer phytoplankton community are highly correlated with the significant monthly and spatial variability in physicochemical properties, which are primarily controlled by the CDW and TWC.
Hydroxytyrosol (HT) and oleuropein (OL), the most abundant of the phenolic compounds in olives, have anticancer properties against breast cancer (BC). However, little attention has been paid to the ...mechanism of HT or OL in BC cells. The objective of this study was to identify the underlying molecular mechanisms of these compounds. ER-positive BC MCF7 and T47D cells were treated with HT and OL in combination with hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), rapamycin (Rapa, an agonist of autophagy) or 3-methyladenine (3-MA, an inhibitor of autophagy). Cell viability, metastasis capability and autophagy-related proteins were evaluated by wound healing assays, Transwell assays and Western blot. HT and OL reduced the cell viability of MCF-7 and T47D cells in a dose-dependent manner. Both cells were more sensitive to HT than OL. In addition, Rapa significantly inhibited HGF-induced migration and invasion, indicating that metastases of both BC cells could be inhibited by suppression of autophagy. Moreover, HT and OL significantly blocked HGF- or 3-MA-induced cell migration and invasion by reversing LC3II/LC3I and Beclin-1 downregulation and p62 upregulation. These findings revealed that HT and OL could suppress migration and invasion by activating autophagy in ER-positive BC cells, which might be a promising therapeutic strategy.
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