Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) has been widely used in the treatment of hyperlipidemic acute pancreatitis (HLAP), but the credibility of the evidence for this practice is unclear. We systematically ...reviewed the efficacy and safety of CHM therapy for HLAP.
In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Ovid MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, CBM, CNKI, VIP, and Wanfang databases from inception to October 16, 2022, for randomized controlled trials comparing the combination of CHM and Western medicine therapy vs. Western medicine therapy alone in HLAP adults. This study is registered with PROSPERO (No. CRD 42022371052).
A total of 50 eligible studies involving 3,635 patients were assessed in this meta-analysis. Compared with Western medicine therapy, the combination of CHM increased the total effective rate by 19% in HLAP patients relative risk (RR): 1.19, 95% CI: (1.16, 1.23). There were significant differences between the two groups in improving clinical symptoms, promoting serum amylase and triglyceride recovery, reducing mortality RR: 0.28, 95% CI: (0.14, 0.56) and complication rates RR:0.40, 95% CI: (0.31, 0.52), and shortening the length of hospital stay MD: -3.96, 95% CI: (-4.76, -3.16). Adverse reactions were similar between groups. Findings were robust in the sensitivity analysis.
The combined CHM treatment was more effective than Western medicine alone in HLAP patients. However, due to the methodological shortcoming of the eligible studies, caution is needed when interpreting these findings.
This feature article provides an overview of the recent research progress on the hierarchically structured carbon-based composites for electrochemical capacitors. The basic principles of ...electrochemical capacitors, and the design, construction and performance of hierarchically structured carbon-based composites electrode materials with good ions and electron transportation and large specific surface area are discussed. The trend of future development of high-power and large-energy electrochemical capacitors is proposed.
In present study, the Inconel 718 alloys fabricated by selective laser melting (SLM) were subjected to traditional homogenization plus double aging heat treatment (HT1), and a novel heat treatment ...(HT2). The effect of heat treatment on the anisotropic microstructure and the small punch creep (SPC) property of Inconel 718 samples was investigated. The experimental results show that the general high-angle grain boundaries with stress concentration, and the equiaxed and columnar grains are observed in the HT1 samples. Compared with the traditional solution treatment at 1065 °C for the HT1 samples, a higher solution performed at 1150 °C can efficiently eliminate the stress concentration and lead to the transformation of columnar grains to equiaxed grains in the HT2 samples by introducing complete recrystallization. The recrystallization is accompanied by the formation of annealing twins with high proportion Σ3n (n = 1, 2, 3) twin boundaries. The larger γ″ phases, less grain boundaries perpendicular to the load direction and smaller Laves phases in the HT1-Z (Z represents parallel to the building direction) sample result in a longer creep life. Microcracks distributed along the general high-angle grain boundaries rather than twin boundaries promote the final intergranular fracture. The anisotropy in creep rupture time of SLMed Inconel 718 alloy can be obviously alleviated by applying higher temperature solution treatment.
Previous reports of the ability of melatonin to scavenge a variety of toxic oxygen and nitrogen‐based reactants suggest that melatonin could be an effective antioxidant for protecting sperm. In this ...study, flow cytometry and laser tweezers Raman spectroscopy were used to evaluate the effect of melatonin on buffalo sperm quality to optimize sperm sex‐sorting procedures. In fresh sperm incubated in the presence or absence of melatonin (10−4 m) for 1, 24, 48 h or 72 h at 27°C, the mitochondrial activity was significantly higher than in a non‐melatonin control (p < 0.05). Also, during the flow‐sorting process, sperm in melatonin‐supplemented groups had higher (p < 0.05) mitochondrial activity than the control. The intensity of Raman spectra from sperm frozen in media supplemented with melatonin was significantly weaker than that for non‐melatonin‐treated groups, except for a band at 1302 per cm. Thus, melatonin helps to protect buffalo sperm from reactive oxygen species induced by staining, sorting and freezing and increases semen quality after the freezing–thawing processes. Furthermore, the results indicate the high potential of the laser tweezers Raman spectroscopy technique for rapid, effective and non‐invasive assessment of the quality of sperm cells.
We report a study of the processes of e^{+}e^{-}→K^{+}D_{s}^{-}D^{*0} and K^{+}D_{s}^{*-}D^{0} based on e^{+}e^{-} annihilation samples collected with the BESIII detector operating at BEPCII at five ...center-of-mass energies ranging from 4.628 to 4.698 GeV with a total integrated luminosity of 3.7 fb^{-1}. An excess of events over the known contributions of the conventional charmed mesons is observed near the D_{s}^{-}D^{*0} and D_{s}^{*-}D^{0} mass thresholds in the K^{+} recoil-mass spectrum for events collected at sqrts=4.681 GeV. The structure matches a mass-dependent-width Breit-Wigner line shape, whose pole mass and width are determined as (3982.5_{-2.6}^{+1.8}±2.1) MeV/c^{2} and (12.8_{-4.4}^{+5.3}±3.0) MeV, respectively. The first uncertainties are statistical and the second are systematic. The significance of the resonance hypothesis is estimated to be 5.3 σ over the contributions only from the conventional charmed mesons. This is the first candidate for a charged hidden-charm tetraquark with strangeness, decaying into D_{s}^{-}D^{*0} and D_{s}^{*-}D^{0}. However, the properties of the excess need further exploration with more statistics.
To demonstrate the atmospheric emission characteristics of cadmium (Cd), which is considered an important contaminant to human health and environment, a comprehensive emission inventory of Cd has ...been established by applying the best available emission factors and activity data for the first time. This inventory covers major anthropogenic sources in China and a bottom-up approach is adopted to compile the inventory for the sources where possible. The total emissions of Cd are estimated at about 743.77 metric tons for the year 2009, of which the contributions of industrial processes and combustion sources are approximately 56.6 and 43.4 %, respectively. Nonferrous metals smelting including copper, lead, and zinc, ranks as the leading source accounting for about 40.6 % of the total. The high contribution results from the rapid growth of nonferrous metallurgical industry that reflects a new focus of Cd emission pollution in China. Cd emissions from coal combustion are estimated at approximately 273.69 metric tons, with a share of 36.8 %, in which industrial coal-burning sector is thought to be the primary source. Moreover, Cd emissions are spatially allocated onto grid cells with a resolution of 0.5° × 0.5°, indicating that the emissions are mainly distributed among the regions of eastern, central and southern China. In addition, the uncertainties in the inventory are quantified by using a Monte Carlo simulation, and the overall uncertainty falls within a range of −15 to 48 %. It implies that more field tests for industrial coal combustion and metals smelting process are very necessary.
Summary
Several epidemiological studies have demonstrated that patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) have a higher incidence of urinary tract infections (UTI) and there is significant ...homology of the immunodominant mitochondrial autoantigen, the E2 component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC‐E2), between mammals and bacteria. Previous work has demonstrated that non‐obese diabetic (NOD).B6 Idd10/Idd18 infected with Novosphingobium aromaticivorans developed liver lesions similar to human PBC. It was postulated that the biliary disease was dependent upon the presence of the unique N. aro glycosphingolipids in activating natural killer T (NK T) cells. To address this issue, we infected NOD.B6 Idd10/Idd18 mice with either Escherichia coli, N. aro or use of a phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) vehicle control and serially followed animals for the appearance of liver pathology and anti‐mitochondrial autoantibodies (AMA). Of striking importance, the biliary disease of E. coli‐infected mice was more severe than N. Aro‐infected mice and the titre of AMA was higher in E. coli‐infected mice. Furthermore, the immunopathology did not correlate with the ability of bacterial extracts to produce antigen‐dependent activation of NK T cells. Our data suggest that the unique glycosphingolipids of N. aro are not required for the development of autoimmune cholangitis. Importantly, the data highlight the clinical significance of E. coli infection in a genetically susceptible host, and we suggest that the appearance of autoimmune cholangitis is dependent upon molecular mimicry. These data highlight that breach of tolerance to PDC‐E2 is probably the first event in the natural history of PBC in genetically susceptible hosts.
The aim of this paper is to characterize both microstructural evolution and thixoformability during partial melting of semi-solid 319s alloy. The thixoformability criteria of 319s was initially ...investigated by thermodynamic analysis. In-situ observation of partial re-melting was performed by a Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope to determine the effect of heating rate on melting characteristics. Meanwhile, the microstructural evolution of 319s alloy at extremely low heating rate was also investigated in order to understand the mechanism of re-melting process. The studies demonstrated that 319s alloy is suitable for thixocasting because of the controllable liquid fraction in the operating window of 15 °C. The process window was effected by both temperature and heating time. The primary particles evolution in 319s alloy can be divided into four stages, and the coarsening rate during isothermal test is 227 μm3/s. The effective method to obtain desirable microstructure is to manage the time in the semi-solid state by controlling heating rate and soaking time.
•The thixoformability of 319s is discussed by using SPSC and thermodynamic analysis.•The re-melting processes at different heating rate are in-situ observed.•We identified the four stages of microstructural evolution during re-melting.•The coarsening rate K for 319s during isothermal test is identified.•The variation tendency of Si particle size with increasing time is reported.
Water blocking damage is one of the most serious formation damages that restricts the development of low-permeability coalbed methane (CBM) reservoirs. Characterized by the conversion of the ...electromagnetic energy into heat, microwave heating may be a promising method to remove water blocking damage. In this study, contact angle tests and permeability tests were performed to investigate the effects of microwave heating on water blocking damage in CBM reservoirs. The results indicate that microwave heating can lead to hydrophobization of coal. The permeability of coal first decreases after water intrusion and then increases after microwave heating. The permeability sensitivity of the moist coal to microwave heating is much greater than that of the dry coal. Furthermore, the increase in the water content of coal promotes the microwave recovery effect of permeability. Theoretical analysis shows that the petrophysical evolution of coal during microwave heating involves gas desorption, dehydration, pore damage, fracturing and decomposition. Outcome of this study implies that microwave heating can be used as a supplemental measure of hydraulic fracturing to enhance CBM recovery by removing the water blocking damage.
We measure neutrino charged-current quasielasticlike scattering on hydrocarbon at high statistics using the wideband Neutrinos at the Main Injector beam with neutrino energy peaked at 6 GeV. The ...double-differential cross section is reported in terms of muon longitudinal (p_{∥}) and transverse (p_{⊥}) momentum. Cross section contours versus lepton momentum components are approximately described by a conventional generator-based simulation, however, discrepancies are observed for transverse momenta above 0.5 GeV/c for longitudinal momentum ranges 3-5 and 9-20 GeV/c. The single differential cross section versus momentum transfer squared (dσ/dQ_{QE}^{2}) is measured over a four-decade range of Q^{2} that extends to 10 GeV^{2}. The cross section turnover and falloff in the Q^{2} range 0.3-10 GeV^{2} is not fully reproduced by generator predictions that rely on dipole form factors. Our measurement probes the axial-vector content of the hadronic current and complements the electromagnetic form factor data obtained using electron-nucleon elastic scattering. These results help oscillation experiments because they probe the importance of various correlations and final-state interaction effects within the nucleus, which have different effects on the visible energy in detectors.
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