•Cooling performance will be improved by increasing of branching level.•Effect of branching level on pressure loss of YLCHS is very small.•Optimal branching level for the proposed YLCHS is suggested ...at 4.•Relationship of flow rate, branching level, and peak temperature is modeled.
Most of heat in data centers is released from electronic chips in servers. Thus, it is more effective to mitigate the heat from electronic chips directly. Furthermore, the cooling load as well as the energy consumption of air conditionings will also be significantly decreased account for the rapid heat removal from electronic chips. The Y-shaped liquid cooling heat sink (YLCHS) has been demonstrated as an effective way to mitigate the heat from electronic chips with specified flow channels. To further optimize the structure of YLCHS, the effect of branching level on the cooling performance of YLCHS based on constructal theory is studied in this paper. By comparing the cooling performances for YLCHSs with 1 to 4 branching level, the relationship between peak temperature and branching level is modelled. The results show that the peak temperature and average temperature of YLCHS are reduced by 28.8% and 13.5% while the number of branching level is increased from 1 to 4, however, the increases of pressure loss for these YLCHSs are lower than 0.04 kPa. Furthermore, the optimal branching level for the proposed YLCHS is determined at 4 by considering the improvement on the cooling performance and the limited size of heat sink.
An innovative attempt of applying electrochemical method in solving the residual copper challenge in iron and steel was proposed in this paper. The ionic conductivity of the sulfide slag has been ...found in study of copper removal from iron-based melt by Na2S–FeS system. A DC electric field was applied between sulfide melt and iron melt, which could electrolyze the product Cu2S, so that the activity of Cu2S in the sulfide slag was reduced and the selective sulfurization of copper in the iron was promoted. The cathodic process was studied by Voltammetry test and Potentiostatic electrolysis test, the results indicated that the Faradaic reactions indeed occurred and the directional mass transfer of copper was promoted by applying the electric field. In the results of copper removal test by electroextraction, the applied DC electric field broke the interface reaction equilibrium between sulfide slag and copper bearing carbon saturated iron melt and reduced the copper content significantly.
Overcoming tumor heterogeneity is a major challenge for personalized treatment of gastric cancer, especially for human epidermal growth factor receptor‐2 targeted therapy. Analysis of circulating ...tumor DNA allows a more comprehensive analysis of tumor heterogeneity than traditional biopsies in lung cancer and breast cancer, but little is known in gastric cancer. We assessed mutation profiles of ctDNA and primary tumors from 30 patients with advanced gastric cancer, then performed a comprehensive analysis of tumor mutations by multiple biopsies from five patients, and finally analyzed the concordance of HER2 amplification in ctDNA and paired tumor tissues in 70 patients. By comparing with a single tumor sample, ctDNA displayed a low concordance of mutation profile, only approximately 50% (138/275) somatic mutations were found in paired tissue samples, however, when compared with multiple biopsies, most DNA mutations in ctDNA were also shown in paired tumor tissues. ctDNA had a high concordance (91.4%, Kappa index = 0.784, P < 0.001) of HER2 amplification with tumor tissues, suggesting it might be an alternative for tissue. It implied that ctDNA‐based assessment could partially overcome the tumor heterogeneity, and might serve as a potential surrogate for HER2 analysis in gastric cancer.
Here we compared the somatic mutation detected from of plasma ctDNA and paired primary tumors in patients with AGC using targeted next‐generation sequencing. Heterogeneity and homogeneity co‐existed in gastric cancer tumor tissues and paired plasma, and plasma ctDNA could partially overcome the tumor heterogeneity. Our results imply that tumor tissues and paired plasma samples could be complementary and that both should be examined in the future era of precision medicine.
This paper proposed an innovative electrochemical method for copper recovery from spent sulfide slag (Na2S–FeS–Cu2S), generated during copper removal from iron-based melts. It aims to reduce the high ...decopperization agents’ consumption caused by low copper distribution ratio during the copper removal process, address the cost issues by recycle of slag and recovery of copper, and expand the application potential of the emerging copper removal method using the sulfide slag systems. The feasibility of electro-recovery of copper is verified by cyclic voltammetry tests and potentiostatic electrolysis experiments. The results show that in the Na2S–FeS–Cu2S melt, although copper cannot be reduced alone without reducing iron, rough separation can be achieved by controlling the temperature. The current efficiency of Cu+ reduction in the molten sulfide is about 9.1% due to electronic conduction in the sulfide melt, which needs further improvement. The slag treated by the innovative electrochemical process can be reused, as the XRD results show that it has a similar composition to the primary slag unused.
Objectives
Hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the stomach (HAS) is characterized by histological resemblance to hepatocellular carcinoma and a poor prognosis. The aim of this study is to elucidate the ...clinicopathological and molecular characteristics of HAS.
Methods
Forty-two patients with HAS who received gastrectomy were enrolled in this study. Based on a panel of 483 cancer-related genes, targeted sequencing of 24 HAS and 22 clinical parameter-matched common gastric cancer (CGC) samples was performed. Prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were analysed with the Kaplan–Meier method.
Results
The most frequently mutated gene in both HAS and CGC was TP53, with a mutation rate of 30%. Additionally, CEBPA, RPTOR, WISP3, MARK1, and CD3EAP were identified as genes with high-frequency mutations in HAS (10–20%). Copy number gains (CNGs) at 20q11.21-13.12 occurred frequently in HAS, nearly 50% of HAS tumours harboured at least one gene with a CNG at 20q11.21-13.12. This CNG tended to be related to more adverse biobehaviour, including poorer differentiation, greater vascular and nerve invasion, and greater liver metastasis. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed that the HIF-1 signalling pathway and signalling pathways regulating stem cell pluripotency were specifically enriched in HAS. The survival analysis showed that a preoperative serum AFP level ≥ 500 ng/ml was significantly associated with poorer OS (
p
= 0.007) and tended to be associated with poorer DFS (
p
= 0.05).
Conclusion
CNGs at 20q11.21-13.12 happened frequently in HAS and tended to be related to more adverse biobehaviour. The preoperative serum AFP level was a sensitive prognostic biomarker for DFS and OS.
China is the largest producer and consumer of rice, and the classification of filled/unfilled rice grains is of great significance for rice breeding and genetic analysis. The traditional method for ...filled/unfilled rice grain identification was generally manual, which had the disadvantages of low efficiency, poor repeatability, and low precision. In this study, we have proposed a novel method for filled/unfilled grain classification based on structured light imaging and Improved PointNet++. Firstly, the 3D point cloud data of rice grains were obtained by structured light imaging. And then the specified processing algorithms were developed for the single grain segmentation, and data enhancement with normal vector. Finally, the PointNet++ network was improved by adding an additional Set Abstraction layer and combining the maximum pooling of normal vectors to realize filled/unfilled rice grain point cloud classification. To verify the model performance, the Improved PointNet++ was compared with six machine learning methods, PointNet and PointConv. The results showed that the optimal machine learning model is XGboost, with a classification accuracy of 91.99%, while the classification accuracy of Improved PointNet++ was 98.50% outperforming the PointNet 93.75% and PointConv 92.25%. In conclusion, this study has demonstrated a novel and effective method for filled/unfilled grain recognition.
We present a unified method to derive differential Harnark inequalities for locally positive weak solutions to semilinear parabolic equations on RCD∗(K,N)metric measure spaces, as introduced by Gigli ...(2015) and Erbar et al. (2015). As its application, on the one hand, we recover many known differential Harnack inequalities on heat equation, on the other hand, for logarithmic type equation and Yamabe type equation, we get some sharp differential Harnack inequalities on RCD∗(0,N)metric measure spaces. As its corollary, we get some sharp Harnack inequalities and Liouville theorems.
We present a unified method for deriving differential Harnack inequalities for positive solutions to semilinear parabolic equations on compact manifolds and complete Riemannian manifolds, subject to ...an integral curvature condition. Specifically, we obtain the differential Harnack inequalities by solving a related system of ordinary differential equations. In addition to the case of scalar equations, we also establish an elliptic estimate for the heat flow under the same condition, which is a novel result for both harmonic map and heat equations. Many of the results presented here are nearly sharp, meaning they are sharp under the assumption of Ricci nonnegativity.
The purpose of this article is to assess the relationship between serum albumin level and long length of stay (LOS) of inpatients with acute heart failure (AHF) in the intensive care unit (ICU).
We ...retrospectively analyzed data of 2280 patients with AHF from the medical information mart for intensive care IV (the MIMIC-IV) database. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to evaluate the association between serum albumin and long LOS, and the development of the predictive model was based on independent predictors of long LOS.
According to the statistical results, A negative linear relationship was presented between albumin and long LOS of AHF patients in the ICU (P for trend <0.001), and serum albumin could predict long LOS (AUC 0.649, 95%CI 0.616-0.683, P <0.001). Based on independent predictors, including respiratory failure (OR 1.672, 95%CI 1.289-2.169, P<0.001), WBC (OR 1.046, 95%CI 1.031-1.061, P<0.001), creatinine (OR 1.221, 95%CI 1.098-1.257, P<0.001), glucose (OR 1.010, 95%CI 1.007-1.012, P<0.001), lactic acid (OR 1.269, 95%CI 1.167-1.381, P<0.001), and albumin (OR 0.559, 95%CI 0.450-0.695, P<0.001), identified by multivariable logistic regression analysis, we developed the nomogram to predict the probability of long LOS of AHF patients in the ICU. The nomogram accurately predicted the probability of long LOS (AUC 0.740, 95%CI 0.712-0.768, P<0.001). The calibration suggested the predictive probability was highly consistent with the actual probability of long LOS. Decision curve analysis (DCA) also suggested that the nomogram was applicable in the clinic.
Serum albumin level was negatively associated with LOS among AHF patients. The predictive model based on serum albumin has predictive value for evaluating the length of stay in AHF patients.
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