Flooded automotive and motorcycle lead-acid batteries were manufactured from three kinds of lead oxides including electrolyzed pure lead (99.99
wt.% Pb) oxide, electrolyzed pure lead oxide doped with ...Bi
2O
3 (0.02
wt.% Bi
2O
3) and bismuth-bearing refined lead (0.02
wt.% Bi) oxide. The first cranking and cold cranking curves of the automotive batteries show that there is no obvious difference among the above lead oxides. Bismuth in lead oxide does not affect the water loss of flooded batteries. However, bismuth results in the improvement of capacity and charge-acceptance capability. In discharge, the positive voltage versus cadmium of plates with bismuth decreases more slowly than that of plates without bismuth. In order to investigate the mechanism of the function of bismuth, three other kinds of test electrodes were prepared from electrolyzed pure lead (99.99
wt.% Pb) oxide, electrolyzed pure lead oxide doped 0.02
wt.% Bi
2O
3 and electrolyzed pure lead oxide doped 0.06
wt.% Bi
2O
3. The cyclic voltammetry curve shows that bismuth has no significant influence on the electrochemical behavior of the positive active-material. There is an opposite result concerning the cathodic polarization curves between bismuth doped in the electrode and Bi
3+ ion doped in the electrolyte. Bismuth doped in the electrode results in a decrease of the hydrogen overpotential. Conversely, Bi
3+ ion doped in the electrolyte results is an increase. The chemical analysis confirms that a trace of Bi
3+ ion exists in sulfuric acid solution (e.g. plates soaking, after formation, after cycling). A higher porosity is observed in the positive active-material containing bismuth by SEM technique. SEM morphology shows that needle-like crystals begin to occur after a few cycles. X-ray diffraction phase analysis proves that the amount of α-PbO
2 is increased by doping bismuth in to lead oxide. The existing forms, chemical characteristics and electrochemical reactions of bismuth during manufacture and are of lead-acid batteries are demonstrated clearly. The mechanism of the function of bismuth improving capacity, prolonging cycle-life and reducing water loss has been elucidated in detail.
We present specific heat measurements on single crystals of the pnictide superconductors NdFeAsO
1−
x
F
x
and Ba
1−
x
K
x
Fe
2As
2. Low-temperature measurements on Ba
1−
x
K
x
Fe
2As
2 reveal that ...the Sommerfeld coefficient of the quasiparticle specific heat increases linearly with applied magnetic field. This is the signature of a fully gapped superconducting state as is expected for instance in the extended s-wave scenario. The large value of the normal state Sommerfeld coefficient indicates a large electronic density of states and significant mass enhancements. We determine the phase diagram using an entropy conserving construction, which does not require the choice of a resistivity criterion to define the transition temperature. Both materials display clear mean-field steps in the specific heat at
T
c
of 47
K and 34.6
K, respectively, proving bulk superconductivity. They are characterized by a low superconducting anisotropy near
T
c
of
Γ
∼
4 for NdFeAsO
1−
x
F
x
and 2.6 for Ba
1−
x
K
x
Fe
2As
2, which is promising for potential applications. We observe extraordinarily high upper critical field slopes of
μ
0
∂
H
c
2
c
/
∂
T
=
-
6.5
T
/
K
and
μ
0
∂
H
c
2
ab
/
∂
T
=
-
17.4
T
/
K
for Ba
1−
x
K
x
Fe
2As
2 which points to the emergence of paramagnetic limiting effects at low temperatures. A thermodynamic analysis reveals that this material is extreme type-II with κ
c
∼
100 and κ
ab
∼
260.
Navigation methods nowadays are mainly based on metric maps, and a set of explicit geometric coordinates must be provided. However, a service robot may struggle in reaching this precise coordinate. ...If there is an obstacle preventing the robot from reaching the goal coordinate, the robot will judge that it has not reached the goal even if it has already reached the area such as the "kitchen".Topological maps are a good way to record semantic meanings of the environments, such as images. We integrate metric maps and topological maps together for a mobile robot to perform navigation. We propose an image-based particle filter which can generate a more flexible estimated robot pose. We test our proposed method in an 1000 m 2 indoor environment. The experimental result shows that our proposed method can reduce total navigation time and reach higher success rate in navigation stage. We show that our proposed method is suitable for intelligent service robots, and can be used in any indoor area with ease.
An evidential sensory fusion using 2D feature and 3D shape information method is proposed to recognize the occluded object. For the applications of robotic object fetching, the conventional object ...recognition methods usually applied the algorithms separately from 2D texture matching or 3D shape fitting. It often causes the wrong recognition results when the objects are occluded. The motivation in this study is to enhance the occluded object recognition via the estimate fusion method from the RGB-D sensor, which provides both 2D image and 3D depth information. To associate the 3D shape with the 2D texture, the region of interest (ROI) is firstly captured in 3D coordinate system, and mapped onto the 2D image. The Dempster-Shafer (DS) evidence theory is applied to fuse the confidences from the recognitions of both 2D texture and 3D shape to increase the recognition rate of occluded objects. The experimental results successfully demonstrate that the proposed evidence fusion recognizes the sample object correctly where it usually has the lower confidences from 2D and 3D recognition algorithms alone, when it operates in a separate fashion.
The objective of this paper is to provide a solution of automated optical inspection for post-polished workpieces using you only look once YOLOv5 vision system. It intends to assist human labor who ...checks workpieces with eyes in the long terms. Robots have now become an essential role in industrial applications. An example application is automating polishing tasks using robots. However, polishing still requires people to be involved in the post-processing especially in product detection. YOLOv5 can be applied in multiple scenarios because it is known for high accuracy and fast detection in real-time image detection. In this paper YOLOv5 approach have been implemented for robotic faucet surface inspection and demonstrated the success of the process.
To investigate the association between resting heart rate (RHR) and subsequent metabolic syndrome (MS).
Under a cluster design, participants age ≥18 years old were selected from a rural area of Henan ...province in China. Interview through questionnaire, physical examination, fasting blood glucose, and lipid profile measurements were done from July to August of 2007 and July to August of 2008. Same methods were implemented in the follow-up examination, during July to August of 2013 and July to October of 2014.
During the 6-year follow-up period, cumulative incidence rates of MS for overall, male, and female participants appeared as 21.89%(1 933/8 829), 16.78%(664/3 957) and 26.05%(1 269/4 872), respectively. After controlling for potential confounders and compared with the groups of RHR<60 bpm, 60-69, 70-79, 80-89 and ≥90 bpm, the
(95
s) of MS for overall, male, and female participants became 1.24(0.95-1.60), 1.42(1.10-1.84), 1.63(1.24-2.15) and 1.62(1.16-2.27); 1.12(0.81-1.55), 1.23(0.88-1.71), 1.42 (0.97-2.07)
