This paper discusses how to promote stable new energy vehicle (NEV) diffusion and how to alleviate the related financial pressure faced by governments. First, indirect evolutionary game theory is ...applied to examine the interaction mechanism of complex behaviors between local governments and auto manufactures, with and without consideration of subsidy policy phase-outs. Second, we define the ideal event and analyze the impacts of key factors on the dynamic evolution process. On this basis, the empirical analysis method is used to verify the game models and primary conclusions. Finally, the sensitivity analysis of selected parameters is discussed in details. Results demonstrate that: (1) subsidy policy phase-outs can help to develop the NEV industry; (2) the probability of an ideal event is positively correlated with the vehicle purchase tax, additional benefits for NEV manufacturers, penalties for fossil vehicle manufacturers and the coverage ratio of public charging piles, and it is negatively correlated with the phase-out rate; (3) NEV evolutionary dynamic factors can be divided into three priority levels and optimization of the parameters design is discussed, which can provide useful decision-making tools for governments and enterprises.
•The influence of subsidy policy phase-outs on NEV diffusion is discussed.•An ideal event is defined and its probability is analyzed.•Obtain the optimal phase-out rate.•Determining factors of the NEV industry can be divided into three priority levels.
In this study, a novel strategy is developed for the first time, referred to as high‐concentration cobalt ion‐assisted hydration (HCCAH) utilizing zeolitic imidazolate framework‐67 (ZIF‐67) as a ...precursor, to produce independent and flat α‐cobalt hydroxide nanosheets (CHN). These nanosheets offer abundant contact sites for binding with virus surface proteins. The formation of CHN involves the in situ transformation from ZIF‐67, due to the matching of the hydrolysis rate of ZIF‐67 and in situ growth rate of cobalt hydroxide orchestrated by high concentration of cobalt ions. Notably, the CHN contains a higher proportion of trivalent cobalt, which is shown to enhance the binding with the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) Spike protein and induce protein structural denaturation, as demonstrated by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. Antiviral experiments using pseudovirus and authentic viruses have confirmed the promising antiviral performance of CHN. Furthermore, both in vitro and in vivo experiments have demonstrated the excellent biocompatibility of CHN. This research opens up new possibilities for the application of cobalt hydroxide nanosheets and serves as a valuable reference for the design of antiviral nanomaterials.
ZIF‐67 derived α‐Co(OH)2 2D nanosheets are developed through an innovative high‐concentration cobalt ion‐assisted hydration method. These nanosheets possess a high proportion of trivalent cobalt ions and exhibit independent and flat morphology. They effectively prevent SARS‐CoV‐2 virus infection of cells, since they have extremely high affinity to the spike protein receptor‐binding domain (RBD) of the virus.
Naturally abundant quinones are important molecules, which play essential roles in various biological processes due to their reduction potential. In contrast to their universality, the investigation ...of reactions between quinones and proteins remains sparse. Herein, we report the development of a convenient strategy to protein modification via a biomimetic quinone-mediated oxidation at the N-terminus. By exploiting unique reactivity of an ortho-quinone reagent, the α-amine of protein N-terminus is oxidized to generate aldo or keto handle for orthogonal conjugation. The applications have been demonstrated using a range of proteins, including myoglobin, ubiquitin and small ubiquitin-related modifier 2 (SUMO2). The effect of this method is further highlighted via the preparation of a series of 17 macrophage inflammatory protein 1β (MIP-1β) analogs, followed by preliminary anti-HIV activity and cell viability assays, respectively. This method offers an efficient and complementary approach to existing strategies for N-terminal modification of proteins.
•Concentrations of PM and gaseous pollutants in 31 Chinese cities (from 286 sites) were analyzed.•Concentration levels of PMs were significantly different in various cities.•The correlations between ...PMs and NO2, SO2 were moderate.•The correlation between PMs and CO was instable and that between PMs and O3 was weak.
The variations of mass concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, CO, and O3 in 31 Chinese provincial capital cities were analyzed based on data from 286 monitoring sites obtained between March 22, 2013 and March 31, 2014. By comparing the pollutant concentrations over this length of time, the characteristics of the monthly variations of mass concentrations of air pollutants were determined. We used the Pearson correlation coefficient to establish the relationship between PM2.5, PM10, and the gas pollutants. The results revealed significant differences in the concentration levels of air pollutants and in the variations between the different cities. The Pearson correlation coefficients between PMs and NO2 and SO2 were either high or moderate (PM2.5 with NO2: r=0.256–0.688, mean r=0.498; PM10 with NO2: r=0.169–0.713, mean r=0.493; PM2.5 with SO2: r=0.232–0.693, mean r=0.449; PM10 with SO2: r=0.131–0.669, mean r=0.403). The correlation between PMs and CO was diverse (PM2.5: r=0.156–0.721, mean r=0.437; PM10: r=0.06–0.67, mean r=0.380). The correlation between PMs and O3 was either weak or uncorrelated (PM2.5: r=−0.35 to 0.089, mean r=−0.164; PM10: r=−0.279 to 0.078, mean r=−0.127), except in Haikou (PM2.5: r=0.500; PM10: r=0.509).
Deregulation of alternative splicing contributes to the malignant progression of cancer. Little is known about the significant alternative splicing events in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). ...High‐throughput sequencing revealed that coiled‐coil domain containing 50 (CCDC50) pre‐mRNA is aberrantly spliced in 50% of our HCC cases. A BaseScope assay was performed to examine the expression of CCDC50S (a truncated oncogenic splice variant) in HCC tissues. Compared with benign liver tumors and several other types of solid tumors, CCDC50S mRNA was up‐regulated in HCC, with a diagnostic potential (sensitivity, 0.711; specificity, 0.793). High expression of CCDC50S mRNA in HCC was significantly correlated with poor tumor differentiation, advanced tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage, and unfavorable prognosis. Overexpression of CCDC50S exerted tumorigenic activities that promoted HCC growth and metastasis by activation of Ras/forkhead box protein O4 (Foxo4) signaling. Either suppression of mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation or overexpression of Foxo4 markedly attenuated CCDC50S‐mediated phenotypes. Furthermore, serine‐ and arginine‐rich splicing factor 3 (SRSF3) directly bound to CCDC50S mRNA to maintain its stability in the cytoplasm. The cytosolic retention of SRSF3 was mediated by the interaction of hepatitis B virus–encoded X protein (HBx) and 14‐3‐3β. Ectopic HBx expression induced expression of cytosolic SRSF3 and CCDC50S. Conclusion: Our study provided compelling evidence that up‐regulation of CCDC50S was modulated by HBx/SRSF3/14‐3‐3β complex and enhanced oncogenic progression of HCC through the Ras/Foxo4 signaling pathway. These data suggest that CCDC50S may serve as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker and probably a promising therapeutic target in HCC.
The “macrotrabecular-massive” (MTM) pattern of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been suggested to represent a distinct HCC subtype and is associated with specific molecular features. Since the ...immune microenvironment is heterogenous in HCC, it is important to evaluate the immune microenvironment of this novel variant. CMTM6, a key regulator of PD-L1, is an important immunocheckpoint inhibitor. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic effect of CMTM6/PD-L1 coexpression and its relationship with inflammatory cells in HCC. We analyzed 619 HCC patients and tumors were classified into MTM and non-MTM HCC subtypes. The expression levels of CMTM6 and PD-L1 in tumor and inflammatory cells were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. The density of inflammatory cells in the cancer cell nest was calculated. Tumoral PD-L1 expression and inflammatory cell density were higher in the MTM type than in the non-MTM type. CMTM6-high expression was significantly associated with shorter OS and DFS than CMTM6-low expression in the whole HCC patient population and the MTM HCC patient population. Moreover, MTM HCC patients with CMTM6/PD-L1 coexpression experienced a higher risk of HCC progression and death. In addition, CMTM6/PD-L1 coexpression was shown to be related to a high density of inflammatory cells. Notably, a new immune classification, based on CMTM6/PD-L1 coexpression and inflammatory cells, successfully stratified OS and DFS in MTM HCC. CMTM6/PD-L1 coexpression has an adverse effect on the prognosis of HCC patients, especially MTM HCC patients. Our study provides evidence for the combination of immune status assessment with anti-CMTM6 and anti-PD-L1 therapy in MTM HCC patients.
Self-regulated learning in technology-supported environments has attracted much scholarly attention in recent years. With the rapid expansion of online education, students' emotions have also been ...studied extensively in second language acquisition. However, few empirical studies have examined the interrelationship between students' self-regulated learning and emotions in the emerging field of language MOOCs (LMOOCs). This study bridged this gap by exploring the relationship between foreign language enjoyment (FLE), boredom (FLB), self-regulated learning (SRL), and perceived effectiveness in LMOOC learning. Data were collected among 356 successful learners of a language MOOC in mainland China through a cross-sectional study. The results showed that LMOOC learners had a high level of enjoyment and a moderate level of boredom. A significantly positive relationship was noted between FLE and SRL while a negative relationship was found between FLB and SRL. SRL was confirmed to be the mediator between FLE, FLB, and PE, which partially mediated the effects of FLE on PE and fully mediated the effects of FLB on PE. Perceived effectiveness was predicted by all SRL strategies and time management significantly predicted perceived effectiveness. The results provided pedagogical implications for students to develop positive emotions and effective SRL strategies to achieve better learning outcomes in LMOOC learning.
Purpose
To estimate the prevalence of depression in degenerative spine disease (DSD) patients.
Methods
The PubMed, EMBASE, and PsycINFO were systematically searched, the relevant studies that ...reported the depression prevalence of in DSD patients were identified. Data were extracted independently by 2 reviewers. Subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were also performed.
Results
24 articles met the inclusion criteria and were selected for the current study. The pooled prevalence estimate of depression in DSD patients before operative treatment was 30.8% 95% CI 24.0–38.5%. Nine articles reported the prevalence rate in DSD patients after operative treatment, and the pooled prevalence estimate was 27.0% 95% CI 19.9–35.4%. There were significant differences for prevalence estimates before operative treatment in types of disorders (Q = 4.56,
P
= 0.10), spine surgery history (Q = 5.55,
P
= 0.02), representativeness of sample (Q = 11.00,
P
= 0.00), and validity of assessment method (Q = 3.32,
P
= 0.07). The prevalence estimates in patients with lumbar spine stenosis, lumbar disc herniation and cervical spondylotic myelopathy were 24.0%, 40.9% and 37.3%, respectively. Studies that included patients with a history of spine surgery yielded a more extreme prevalence estimate than studies excluding those (36.9% vs 24.3%). For results of patients after operative treatment, significant differences for prevalence estimates were showed in different degrees of pain (Q = 4.72,
P
= 0.03), screening instruments (Q = 4.83,
P
= 0.09), and representativeness of sample (Q = 15.70,
P
= 0.00).
Conclusion
The systematic review indicated increased prevalence of depression in DSD patients. In consideration of the relationship between depression and poor surgical outcome, we should pay more attention to identifying strategies for preventing and treating depression in DSD patients.
In this study, the correlation between chip surface chromaticity and wear of cutting tools is established through experiments, and a system for judging and predicting tool wear by observing chip ...color is proposed. At present, the life prediction of cutting tools is indirectly measured and predicted by using vibration and current. In this study, chip color change is used to predict tool wear, and back-propagation Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) is used to predict and verify. The average error percentage between the predicted value and the actual value of tool wear is only 1.73% and 1.66%, respectively, which was confirmed by cutting test and verification experiments. This study uses Taylor’s tool life model and chip color to analyze, and after repeated tests and experimental analysis, the average error of repeatability is 4.5%. In the verification of stainless steel cutting hard-cutting materials, the equipment accuracy is between 0.5 and 3.0 color difference values of grade 2 to 3. Therefore, the measurement and model establishment of the system can accurately and quickly predict tool wear. In prediction experiment and analysis, the back neural network is used for test, the maximum error ranges are 0.0012 mm and 0.0097 mm, the mean error percentages are only 1.73% and 1.66%.
PDF
