We report acute antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in 285 patients with COVID-19. Within 19 days after symptom onset, 100% of patients tested positive for antiviral immunoglobulin-G (IgG). ...Seroconversion for IgG and IgM occurred simultaneously or sequentially. Both IgG and IgM titers plateaued within 6 days after seroconversion. Serological testing may be helpful for the diagnosis of suspected patients with negative RT-PCR results and for the identification of asymptomatic infections.
Owing to the critical roles it plays for both structure and functionality, hydrogen bonding has high hopes for the orientated applications in hydrogen‐bonded organic frameworks (HOFs). Here in this ...work, a hydrogen‐bonding strategy is performed for adjusting the structure and functionality of a heme‐like ligand meso‐tetra(carboxy‐phenyl)‐porphyrin (TCPP) with co‐former 1,3‐di(4‐pyridyl) propane (1,3‐DPP). A 3D dynamic HOF TCPP‐1,3–DPP, with permanent porosity is obtained. For this HOF, the two components form novel robust 1D porous stripes, with the 1,3‐DPP molecules acting as the lining for the pores that are confined within the region between adjacent carboxyphenyl moieties of TCPP. This confinement has tuned the affinities of TCPP from hydrophobic into hydrophilic. Interestingly, the 1D stripes are further stacked by weak π…π interactions into a 3D framework, the latter is highly dynamic with 1D stripes sliding back and forth, upon pressurized and water adsorption in the solid‐state under ambient conditions, respectively. The activated TCPP‐1,3–DPP has a Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area of 258 m2 g−1, and shows a maximum adsorption capacity about 9.8% for water during the adsorption–desorption cycles, demonstrating a promising candidate for the real‐world application in effective dehydration of industrial gases under ambient conditions.
A 3D dynamic hydrogen‐bonded organic framework TCPP‐1,3–DPP, which is composed of 1D porous stripes, shows permanent porosity and highly affinity to water. The activated species exhibit a maximum adsorption capacity about 9.8% for water during the adsorption–desorption cycles, demonstrating a promise for the real‐world application in effective dehydration of industrial gas under ambient condition.
Sponge gourd is a versatile vegetable that can be used as a household cleaning product, industrial material and medicine, and possesses anti-human immunodeficiency virus activity. In the current ...study, a large dataset composed of 77,858 unigenes derived from the sponge gourd transcriptome was assembled. Of all unigenes, 52,113 (66.93 %) had significant similarity to known proteins from NCBI non-redundant, Swiss-Prot, Clusters of Orthologous Group and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes databases. Based on these generated sequences, we identified 12,932 putative simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and successfully designed 8,523 high-quality SSR primer pairs. Six hundred and forty-one primer pairs were randomly selected to be verified among S1174 Luffa acutangula (L.) Roxb., 93075 L. cylindrica (L.) Roem. and their hybrid F1. The result showed that 494 (77.07 %) exhibited successful amplification, of which 201 (40.69 %) revealed polymorphism between S1174 and 93075. Fifty polymorphic expressed sequence tag (EST)-SSRs were used to genotype 60 sponge gourd accessions. Cluster analysis revealed two major clusters, one comprising 42 accessions of L. acutangula and the other 18 accessions belonging to L. cylindrica. Transferability of the 77 polymorphic EST-SSR markers was investigated in six other cucurbits: pumpkin, cucumber, wax gourd, bitter gourd, bottle gourd and chieh-qua, and the percentage of cross-genus amplification was 85.90, 83.33, 83.33, 79.49, 75.64 and 74.36 %, respectively. This indicated that EST-SSRs in sponge gourd could well be applied to other cucurbits. These transcriptome shotgun assembly sequences and EST-SSR data are of great value for the discovery of novel genes and for marker-assisted selection in sponge gourd.
Aspirin is a prototypic cyclooxygenase inhibitor with a variety of beneficial effects on human health. It prevents age-related diseases and delays the aging process. Previous research has shown that ...aspirin might act through a dietary restriction-like mechanism to extend lifespan. To explore the mechanism of action of aspirin on aging, we determined the whole-genome expression profile of Caenorhabditis elegans treated with aspirin. Transcriptome analysis revealed the RNA levels of genes involved in metabolism were primarily increased. Reproduction has been reported to be associated with metabolism. We found that aspirin did not extend the lifespan or improve the heat stress resistance of germline mutants of glp-1. Furthermore, Oil Red O staining showed that aspirin treatment decreased lipid deposition and increased expression of lipid hydrolysis and fatty acid β-oxidation-related genes. The effect of germline ablation on lifespan was mainly mediated by DAF-12 and DAF-16. Next, we performed genetic analysis with a series of worm mutants and found that aspirin did not further extend the lifespans of daf-12 and daf-16 single mutants, glp-1;daf-12 and glp-1;daf-16 double mutants, or glp-1;daf-12;daf-16 triple mutants. The results suggest that aspirin increase metabolism and regulate germline signalling to activate downstream DAF-12 and DAF-16 to extend lifespan.
Abstract
Background
Novel endoscopic techniques used in the treatment of gastric lesions with local submucosal fibrosis need preclinical evaluation and training due to safety limitations. Therefore, ...the purpose of our study was to establish an animal model of gastric local fibrotic target lesions and assess its feasibility in the evaluation and training of endoscopic techniques.
Methods
In six experimental beagles, a 50% glucose solution was injected into three submucosal areas of the fundus, body, and antrum of the stomach to create gastric local fibrotic target lesions (experimental group). On post-injection day (PID) 7, the injection sites were assessed endoscopically to confirm the presence of submucosal fibrosis formation, and the dental floss clip traction assisted endoscopic submucosal dissection (DFC-ESD) procedure was performed on the gastric local fibrotic target lesions to confirm its feasibility after endoscopic observation. The normal gastric mucosa of six control beagles underwent the same procedure (control group). All the resected specimens were evaluated by histological examination.
Results
All 12 beagles survived without postoperative adverse events. On PID 7, 16 ulcer changes were observed at the injection sites (16/18) under the endoscope, and endoscopic ultrasonography confirmed the local submucosal fibrosis formation in all ulcer lesions. The subsequent DFC-ESD was successfully performed on the 32 gastric target lesions, and the mean submucosal dissection time in the ulcer lesions was greater than that in the normal gastric mucosa (15.3 ± 5.6 vs. 6.8 ± 0.8 min;
P
< 0.001). There was no difference in rates of en bloc resection, severe hemorrhage, or perforation between the two groups. Histological analysis of the ulcer lesions showed the absence of epithelial or muscularis mucosae and extensive submucosal fibrous tissue proliferations compared with normal gastric mucosa. Overall, endoscopists had high satisfaction with the realism and feasibility of the animal model.
Conclusion
We developed a novel animal model of gastric local fibrotic target lesions to simulate difficult clinical situations, which strongly appeared to be suitable for the preclinical evaluation and learning of advanced endoscopic techniques.
Stress disturbs the balance of the gut microbiota and stimulates inflammation-to-brain mechanisms. Moreover, stress leads to anxiety and depressive disorders.
displays distinct anti-inflammatory ...effects. However, no report has focused on the anxiolytic and antidepressant effects of
related to the gut microbiome and the inflammation on chronic restraint stress (CRS) in mice. We found that pretreatment with
increased the time spent in the center of the open field apparatus, increased the percentage of entries into the open arms of the elevated plus-maze (EPM) and the percentage of time spent in the open arms of the EPM, and decreased the immobility duration in the tail suspension test as well as the forced swimming test (FST). Moreover,
increased the sequence proportion of
and reduced the sequence proportion of
in feces. Furthermore,
markedly reduced the protein expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), p-nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p65 and Iba1 and elevated brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression in the hippocampus. We conclude that the anxiolytic and antidepressant effects of
are related to reducing inflammatory cytokines and rebalancing the gut microbiota.
Through a facile-operating ultrasonic force-assisted liquid exfoliation technology, the single-layered two-dimensional (2D) Co(CNS)2(pyz)2 n (pyz = pyrazine) nanosheets, with a thickness of sub-1.0 ...nm, have been prepared from the bulk precursors. The atomically thickness and the presence of abundant sulfur atoms with high electronegativity arrayed on the double surfaces of the sheets are making this kind of 2D MOF (metal–organic framework) nanosheets highly sensitive to intermolecular interactions. As a result, it can be well dispersed in all kinds of solvents to give a stable colloidal suspension that can be maintained for at least one month, accompanied by significant solvatochromic behavior and various optical properties, which thus have shown the potential to be practically applicated as in situ visual test paper for solvent identification and solvent polarity measurements. More importantly, combined with a smartphone, this kind of 2D-MOF nanosheets can be developed into in situ visual test paper to identify isomers and determine the polarity of mixed solvents quantitatively and qualitatively, suggesting the promising application of a portable, economical, and in situ visual test strategy in real world.
Herpes simplex virus type 1 strain 129 (H129) has represented a promising anterograde neuronal circuit tracing tool, which complements the existing retrograde tracers. However, the current H129 ...derived tracers are multisynaptic, neither bright enough to label the details of neurons nor capable of determining direct projection targets as monosynaptic tracer.
Based on the bacterial artificial chromosome of H129, we have generated a serial of recombinant viruses for neuronal circuit tracing. Among them, H129-G4 was obtained by inserting binary tandemly connected GFP cassettes into the H129 genome, and H129-ΔTK-tdT was obtained by deleting the thymidine kinase (TK) gene and adding tdTomato coding gene to the H129 genome. Then the obtained viral tracers were tested in vitro and in vivo for the tracing capacity.
H129-G4 is capable of transmitting through multiple synapses, labeling the neurons by green florescent protein, and visualizing the morphological details of the labeled neurons. H129-ΔTK-tdT neither replicates nor spreads in neurons alone, but transmits to and labels the postsynaptic neurons with tdTomato in the presence of complementary expressed TK from a helper virus. H129-ΔTK-tdT is also capable to map the direct projectome of the specific neuron type in the given brain regions in Cre transgenic mice. In the tested brain regions where circuits are well known, the H129-ΔTK-tdT tracing patterns are consistent with the previous results.
With the assistance of the helper virus complimentarily expressing TK, H129-ΔTK-tdT replicates in the initially infected neuron, transmits anterogradely through one synapse, and labeled the postsynaptic neurons with tdTomato. The H129-ΔTK-tdT anterograde monosynaptic tracing system offers a useful tool for mapping the direct output in neuronal circuitry. H129-G4 is an anterograde multisynaptic tracer with a labeling signal strong enough to display the details of neuron morphology.
Alcoholic liver damage is caused by long-term drinking, and it further develops into alcoholic liver diseases. In this study, we prepared a probiotic fermentation product of
total active components ...(PFGF) by fermentation with
,
, and
. After fermentation, the total sugar and protein content in the PFGF significantly decreased, while the lactic acid level and antioxidant activity of the PFGF increased. Afterward, we investigated the alleviating effect of PFGF on alcoholic liver injury in alcohol-fed mice. The results showed that the PFGF intervention reduced the necrosis of the liver cells, attenuated the inflammation of the liver and intestines, restored the liver function, increased the antioxidant factors of the liver, and maintained the cecum tissue barrier. Additionally, the results of the 16S rRNA sequencing analysis indicated that the PFGF intervention increased the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria, such as
,
,
,
, and
, to attenuate intestinal inflammation. These results demonstrate that PFGF can potentially alleviate alcoholic liver damage by restoring the intestinal barrier and regulating the intestinal microflora.
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