Wilms tumor gene on the X chromosome (WTX) is a putative tumor suppressor gene in Wilms tumor, but its expression and functions in other tumors are unclear. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third ...leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women and the second leading cause in men in the United States. We demonstrated that WTX frequently lost in CRC which was highly correlated with cell proliferation, tumor invasion and metastasis. Mechanistically, WTX loss disrupts the interaction between RhoGDIα and CDC42 by losing of the binding with RhoGDIα and triggers the activation of CDC42 and its downstream cascades, which promotes CRC development and liver metastasis. The aberrant upregulation of miR-20a/miR-106a were identified as the reason of WTX loss in CRC both in vivo and in vitro. These study defined the mechanism how miR-20a/miR-106a-mediated WTX loss regulates CRC progression and metastasis, and provided a potential therapeutic target for preventing CRC progression.
Forty-eight surface sediments were collected from three mangrove wetlands in the Pearl River Estuary (PRE) of South China to investigate the distribution of organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs) ...and the relationship between OPFRs and microbial community structure determined by phospholipid fatty acid. Concentrations of ΣOPFRs in mangrove sediments of the PRE ranged from 13.2 to 377.1 ng g−1 dry weight. Levels of ΣOPFRs in mangrove sediments from Shenzhen and Guangzhou were significantly higher than those from Zhuhai, indicating that OPFRs were linked to industrialization and urbanization. Tris(chloropropyl)phosphate was the predominant profile of OPFRs in mangrove sediments from Shenzhen (38.9%) and Guangzhou (35.0%), while the composition profile of OPFRs in mangrove sediments from Zhuhai was dominated by tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (25.5%). The mass inventories of OPFRs in the mangrove sediments of Guangzhou, Zhuhai and Shenzhen were 439.5, 133.5 and 662.3 ng cm−2, respectively. Redundancy analysis revealed that OPFRs induced a shift in the structure of mangrove sediment microbial community and the variations were significantly correlated with tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate and tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate.
•OPFRs and microbial community structure were determined in mangrove sediments.•OPFRs were linked to the industrialization and urbanization.•Distinct distribution patterns of OPFRs were found in the three mangrove wetlands.•Eleven OPFRs in the sediments were significantly correlated with the PLFA profiles.
Currently, little information is available to stratify the risks and predict acute kidney injury (AKI)-associated death. In this present cross-sectional study, a novel scoring model was established ...to predict the probability of death within 90 days in patients with AKI diagnosis. For establishment of predictive scoring model, clinical data of 1169 hospitalized patients with AKI were retrospectively collected, and 731 patients of them as the first group were analyzed by the method of multivariate logistic regression analysis to create a scoring model and further predict patient death. Then 438 patients of them as the second group were used for validating this prediction model according to the established scoring method. Our results showed that Patient's age, AKI types, respiratory failure, central nervous system failure, hypotension, and acute tubular necrosis-individual severity index (ATN-ISI) score are independent risk factors for predicting the death of AKI patients in the created scoring model. Moreover, our scoring model could accurately predict cumulative AKI and mortality rate in the second group. In conclusion, this study identified the risk factors of 90-day mortality for hospitalized AKI patients and established a scoring model for predicting 90-day prognosis, which could help to interfere in advance for improving the quality of life and reduce mortality rate of AKI patients.
Green Velvet Material (PLON), which is prepared from polyester slices, has been called a green material based on its ester composition, its ability to be degraded, and the possibility of recovering ...the value of used material by reprocessing. PLON is expected to be used as a material for the padding layer of upholstered furniture. This paper presented a comparative study of traditional flexible polyurethane foam and Green Velvet Material as the upholstered furniture’s padding layer. The compression mechanical properties of Green Velvet Material and flexible polyurethane foam, such as indentation force deflection, support performance, compression set, and resilience property, were analyzed. The results showed that Green Velvet Material had lower surface hardness and higher comfort compared to flexible polyurethane foam. In terms of resilience, both high-density and low-density Green Velvet Material performed better than the foam control group, but Green Velvet Material had a poorer ability to regain its shape after prolonged pressure. The 30 kg/m3 density Green Velvet Material was the closest to the compression and resilience properties of flexible polyurethane foam. The conclusions provide theoretical data for the effective and reasonable application of Green Velvet Material in upholstered furniture.
ABSTRACT
We present a statistical study of a sample of 17 hub-filament-system (HFS) clouds of high-mass star formation using high-angular resolution (∼1–2 arcsec) ALMA 1.3 and 3 mm continuum data. ...The sample includes eight infrared (IR)-dark and nine IR-bright types, which correspond to an evolutionary sequence from the IR-dark to IR-bright stage. The central massive clumps and their associated most massive cores are observed to follow a trend of increasing mass (M) and mass surface density (Σ) with evolution from the IR-dark to IR-bright stage. In addition, a mass-segregated cluster of young stellar objects (YSOs) are revealed in both IR-dark and IR-bright HFSs with massive YSOs located in the hub and the population of low-mass YSOs distributed over larger areas. Moreover, outflow feedback in all HFSs are found to escape preferentially through the inter-filamentary diffuse cavities, suggesting that outflows would render a limited effect on the disruption of the HFSs and ongoing high-mass star formation therein. From the above observations, we suggest that high-mass star formation in the HFSs can be described by a multiscale mass accretion/transfer scenario, from hub-composing filaments through clumps down to cores, which can naturally lead to a mass-segregated cluster of stars.
Abstract
Aims
Ageing is the most significant contributor to the increasing prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF). The gut microbiota dysbiosis is involved in age-related diseases. However, whether ...the aged-associated dysbiosis contributes to age-related AF is still unknown. Direct demonstration that the aged gut microbiota is sufficient to transmit the enhanced AF susceptibility in a young host via microbiota-intestinal barrier-atria axis has not yet been reported. This study aimed to determine whether gut microbiota dysbiosis affects age-related AF.
Methods and results
Herein, by using a faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) rat model, we demonstrated that the high AF susceptibility of aged rats could be transmitted to a young host. Specially, we found the dramatically increased levels of circulating lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and glucose led to the up-regulated expression of NOD-like receptor protein (NLRP)-3 inflammasome, promoting the development of AF, which depended on the enhanced atrial fibrosis in recipient host. Inhibition of inflammasome by a potent and selective inhibitor of the NLRP3 inflammasome, MCC950, resulted in a lower atrial fibrosis and AF susceptibility. Then, we conducted cross-sectional clinical studies to explore the effect of ageing on the altering trends with glucose levels and circulating LPS among clinical individuals in two China hospitals. We found that both of serum LPS and glucose levels were progressively increased in elderly patients as compared with those young. Furthermore, the ageing phenotype of circulating LPS and glucose levels, intestinal structure and atrial NLRP3-inflammasome of rats were also confirmed in clinical AF patients. Finally, aged rats colonized with youthful microbiota restored intestinal structure and atrial NLRP3-inflammasome activity, which suppressed the development of aged-related AF.
Conclusions
Collectively, these studies described a novel causal role of aberrant gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of age-related AF, which indicates that the microbiota-intestinal barrier-atrial NLRP3 inflammasome axis may be a rational molecular target for the treatment of aged-related arrhythmia disease.
Graphical Abstract
Working model of AF-promoting mechanisms results from aged microbiota dysbiosis. The consequences of the age-related gut microbiota dysbiosis are indicated with blue arrows: the dysbiosis lead to reduced expression levels of tight junction proteins, including ZO-1, claudin-4, and occluding in intestinal, which cause the increased gut permeability and led to LPS transferred into circulation and may induce impaired glucose tolerance. LPS and excess glucose enhanced atrial NLRP3-inflammasome activity, resulting in atrial structural remodelling due to fibrosis.
Background
We previously found that autoantibodies against a panel of six tumor-associated antigens (p53, NY-ESO-1, MMP-7, Hsp70, PRDX6 and Bmi-1) may aid in early detection of esophageal squamous ...cell carcinoma. Here we aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of this autoantibody panel in esophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma (EJA) patients.
Methods
Serum autoantibody levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in a training cohort and a validation cohort. We used receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) to calculate diagnostic accuracy.
Results
We recruited 169 normal controls and 122 EJA patients to the training cohort, and 80 normal controls and 70 EJA patients to the validation cohort. Detection of the autoantibody panel demonstrated an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.818, sensitivity 59.0% and specificity 90.5% in training cohort, and AUC 0.815, sensitivity 61.4% and specificity 90.0% in validation cohort in the diagnosis of EJA. Measurement of the autoantibody panel could distinguish early stage EJA patients from normal controls (AUC 0.786 and 0.786, sensitivity 50.0% and 56.0%, and specificity 90.5% and 90.0%, for training and validation cohorts, respectively). Moreover, a restricted panel consisting of autoantibodies against p53, NY-ESO-1 and Bmi-1 exhibited similar diagnostic performance for EJA (AUC 0.814 and 0.823, sensitivity 53.5% and 60.0%, and specificity 90.5% and 93.7%, for training and validation cohorts, respectively) and early stage EJA (AUC 0.744 and 0.773, sensitivity 55.6% and 52.0%, and specificity 90.5% and 93.7%, for training and validation cohorts, respectively).
Conclusions
Autoantibodies against an optimized TAA panel as serum biomarkers appear to help identify the present of early stage EJA.
Hadal biosphere represents the deepest part of the ocean with water depth >6,000 m. Accumulating evidence suggests the existence of unique microbial communities dominated by heterotrophic processes ...in this environment. However, investigations of the microbial diversity and their metabolic potentials are limited because of technical constraints for sample collection. Here, we provide a detailed metagenomic analysis of three seawater samples at water depths 5,000-6,000 m below sea level (mbsl) and three surface sediment samples at water depths 4,435-6,578 mbsl at the Yap Trench of the western Pacific. Distinct microbial community compositions were observed with the dominance of Gammaproteobacteria in seawater and Thaumarchaeota in surface sediment. Comparative analysis of the genes involved in carbon, nitrogen and sulfur metabolisms revealed that heterotrophic processes (i.e., degradation of carbohydrates, hydrocarbons, and aromatics) are the most common microbial metabolisms in the seawater, while chemolithoautotrophic metabolisms such as ammonia oxidation with the HP/HB cycle for CO
fixation probably dominated the surface sediment communities of the Yap Trench. Furthermore, abundant genes involved in stress response and metal resistance were both detected in the seawater and sediments, thus the enrichment of metal resistance genes is further hypothesized to be characteristic of the hadal microbial communities. Overall, this study sheds light on the metabolic versatility of microorganisms in the Yap Trench, their roles in carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur biogeochemical cycles, and how they have adapted to this unique hadal environment.
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