With the improvement of nanotechnology and nanomaterials, redox-responsive delivery systems have been studied extensively in some critical areas, especially in the field of biomedicine. The system ...constructed by redox-responsive delivery can be much stable when in circulation. In addition, redox-responsive vectors can respond to the high intracellular level of glutathione and release the loaded cargoes rapidly, only if they reach the site of tumor tissue or targeted cells. Moreover, redox-responsive delivery systems are often applied to significantly improve drug concentrations in targeted cells, increase the therapeutic efficiency and reduce side effects or toxicity of primary drugs. In this review, we focused on the structures and types of current redox-responsive delivery systems and provided a comprehensive overview of relevant researches, in which the disulfide bond containing delivery systems are of the utmost discussion.
Grapes are one of the world's largest fruit crops, which are rich in nutrients and taste. Summer Black, Gui Fei, Kyoho Grape, Giant Rose, Shine Muscat, and Rosario Bianco are the six most popular ...table grapes in Wuxi city, Jiangsu province. Owing to the lack of comprehensive investigations of metabolites in table grapes, the metabolic causes of differences in their taste are unknown. In this study, metabolites of six table grapes were profiled using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography‐Q‐Exactive Orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry combined with multivariate analysis. Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis discriminated among the metabolites of these varieties. Metabolic pathway analysis revealed that carbohydrate and amino acid metabolisms were highly conserved among these varieties. Our results suggest that the taste differences in the six table grape varieties can be explained by variations in composition and abundance of carbohydrates, organic acids, amino acids, and polyphenols. This study provides comprehensive insights into the underlying metabolic causes of taste variation in table grapes.
Investigation of the branches and leaves of Tabernaemontana bufalina Lour. led to afford an undescribed monoterpenoid indole alkaloid, namely (3R,7S,14R,19S,20R)‐19‐hydroxypseudovincadifformine (1), ...and nine known metabolites (2–10). Their structures were determined by analysis of their NMR and ESI‐MS spectra, and modified Mosher's and calculated electronic circular dichroism (ECD) methods were used for establishing the absolute configuration of compound 1. Their cytotoxic activities were assayed using two cancer cell lines. As the results, cytotoxic activities on MDA‐MB‐231 and B16 cells showed IC50 values of 8.9 and 0.13 μm for 6, and of 20.3 and 11.7 μm for 9, respectively.
Palladium diselenide (PdSe2), a thus far scarcely studied group‐10 transition metal dichalcogenide has exhibited promising potential in future optoelectronic and electronic devices due to unique ...structures and electrical properties. Here, the controllable synthesis of wafer‐scale and homogeneous 2D PdSe2 film is reported by a simple selenization approach. By choosing different thickness of precursor Pd layer, 2D PdSe2 with thickness of 1.2–20 nm can be readily synthesized. Interestingly, with the increase in thickness, obvious redshift in wavenumber is revealed by Raman spectroscopy. Moreover, in accordance with density functional theory (DFT) calculation, optical absorption and ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy (UPS) analyses confirm that the PdSe2 exhibits an evolution from a semiconductor (monolayer) to semimetal (bulk). Further combination of the PdSe2 layer with Si leads to a highly sensitive, fast, and broadband photodetector with a high responsivity (300.2 mA W−1) and specific detectivity (≈1013 Jones). By decorating the device with black phosphorus quantum dots, the device performance can be further optimized. These results suggest the as‐selenized PdSe2 is a promising material for optoelectronic application.
This study reports on the wafer‐area synthesis of a high‐quality 2D palladium diselenide (PdSe2) layer through a simple selenization method. Both experimental analysis and theoretical simulation reveal that the PdSe2 film exhibits a gradual transition from a semiconductor (monolayer) to semimetal (bulk). Further combination of PdSe2 with Si leads to a fast and sensitive broadband photodiode, with a high responsivity and specific detectivity.
Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a risk factor for suicide. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of NSSI and professional psychological help-seeking status and influencing factors among ...left-behind children (LBC) in China.
We implemented a population-based cross-sectional study in participants aged 10-18 years. Sociodemographic characteristics, NSSI, help-seeking status and coping style were measured by self-reported questionnaires. A total of 16,866 valid questionnaires were collected, including 6096 LBC. Binary logistic regression models were used to analyze the factors influencing NSSI and professional psychological help-seeking.
The incidence of NSSI among LBC was 4.6%, significantly higher than that of non-left-behind children (NLBC). This incidence was higher among girls. Moreover, 53.9% of LBC with NSSI did not receive any treatment and only 22.0% sought professional psychological help. LBC often adopt emotion-oriented coping styles, specifically, those with NSSI. LBC with NSSI who seek professional help tend to adopt problem-oriented coping styles. Logistic regression analysis revealed that girls, learning stage, single-parent, remarried families, patience, and emotional venting were risk factors for NSSI in LBC, while problem-solving and social support seeking were protective factors. Moreover, problem-solving was also a predictor for seeking professional psychological help, patience will prevent it.
This was an online survey.
The prevalence of NSSI in LBC is high. Gender, grade, family structure, and coping style affect the occurrence of NSSI among LBC. Only a few LBC with NSSI seek professional psychological help, while the coping style will affect the help-seeking behavior.
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a highly heterogeneous disease. Further classification may characterize its heterogeneity. The purpose of this study was to examine whether metabolomic variables ...could differentiate traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) diagnostic subtypes of MDD.
Fifty medication-free patients who were experiencing a recurrent depressive episode were classified into Liver Qi Stagnation (LQS, n = 30) and Heart and Spleen Deficiency (HSD, n = 20) subtypes according to TCM diagnosis. Healthy volunteers (n = 28) were included as controls. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to examine serum and urinary metabolomic profiles.
Twenty-eight metabolites were identified for good separations between TCM subtypes and healthy controls in serum samples. Both TCM subtypes had similar profiles in proteinogenic branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) (valine, leucine, and isoleucine) and energy metabolism-related metabolites that were differentiated from healthy controls. The LQS subtype additionally differed from healthy controls in multiple amino acid metabolites that are involved in biosynthesis of monoamine and amino acid neurotransmitters, including phenylalanine, 3-hydroxybutric acid,
-tyrosine, glycine, l-tryptophan, and
-acetyl-l-aspartic acid. Threonic acid, methionine, stearic acid, and isobutyric acid are differentially associated with the two subtypes.
While both TCM subtypes are associated with aberrant BCAA and energy metabolism, the LQS subtype may represent an MDD subpopulation characterized by abnormalities in the biosynthesis of monoamine and amino acid neurotransmitters and closer associations with stress-related pathophysiology. The metabolites differentially associated with the two subtypes are promising biomarkers for predicting TCM subtype-specific antidepressant response registered at http://www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02346682) on January 27, 2015.
To study the feasibility of use of radiomic features extracted from axillary lymph nodes for diagnosis of their metastatic status in patients with breast cancer.
A total of 176 axillary lymph nodes ...of patients with breast cancer, consisting of 87 metastatic axillary lymph nodes (ALNM) and 89 negative axillary lymph nodes proven by surgery, were retrospectively reviewed from the database of our cancer center. For each selected axillary lymph node, 106 radiomic features based on preoperative pharmacokinetic modeling dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (PK-DCE-MRI) and 5 conventional image features were obtained. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was used to select useful radiomic features. Logistic regression was used to develop diagnostic models for ALNM. Delong test was used to compare the diagnostic performance of different models.
The 106 radiomic features were reduced to 4 ALNM diagnosis-related features by LASSO. Four diagnostic models including conventional model, pharmacokinetic model, radiomic model, and a combined model (integrating the Rad-score in the radiomic model with the conventional image features) were developed and validated. Delong test showed that the combined model had the best diagnostic performance: area under the curve (AUC), 0.972 (95% CI 0.947-0.997) in the training cohort and 0.979 (95% CI 0.952-1) in the validation cohort. The diagnostic performance of the combined model and the radiomic model were better than that of pharmacokinetic model and conventional model (P<0.05).
Radiomic features extracted from PK-DCE-MRI images of axillary lymph nodes showed promising application for diagnosis of ALNM in patients with breast cancer.
Phosphorus losses via surface runoff in rice-wheat cropping systems as impacted by rainfall regimes and fertilizer applications LIU Jian, ZUO Qiang, ZHAI Li-mei, LUO Chun-yan, LIU Hong-bin, WANG Hong-yuan, LIU Shen, ZOU Guo-yuan, REN Tian-zhi (1Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, P.R.China 2Suzhou Chien-Shiung Institute of Technology, Suzhou 215411, P.R.China)
Journal of Integrative Agriculture,
03/2016, Letnik:
15, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Phosphorus（P） losses from agricultural soils contribute to eutrophication of surface waters. This field plot study investigated effects of rainfall regimes and P applications on P loss by surface ...runoff from rice（Oryza sativa L.） and wheat（Triticum aestivum L.） cropping systems in Lake Taihu region, China. The study was conducted on two types of paddy soils（Hydromorphic at Anzhen site, Wuxi City, and Degleyed at Xinzhuang site, Changshu City, Jiangsu Province） with different P status, and it covered 3 years with low, high and normal rainfall regimes. Four rates of mineral P fertilizer, i.e., no P（control）, 30 kg P ha~（–1） for rice and 20 kg P ha~（–1） for wheat（P_（30＋20））, 75 plus 40（P_（75＋40））, and 150 plus 80（P_（150＋80））, were applied as treatments. Runoff water from individual plots and runoff events was recorded and analyzed for total P and dissolved reactive P concentrations. Losses of total P and dissolved reactive P significantly increased with rainfall depth and P rates（P〈0.0001）. Annual total P losses ranged from 0.36–0.92 kg ha^–1 in control to 1.13–4.67 kg ha^–1 in P150＋80 at Anzhen, and correspondingly from 0.36–0.48 kg h^–1 to 1.26–1.88 kg ha^–1 at Xinzhuang, with 16–49% of total P as dissolved reactive P. In particular, large amounts of P were lost during heavy rainfall events that occurred shortly after P applications at Anzhen. On average of all P treatments, rice growing season constituted 37–86% of annual total P loss at Anzhen and 28–44% of that at Xinzhuang. In both crop seasons, P concentrations peaked in the first runoff events and decreased with time. During rice growing season, runoff P concentrations positively correlated（P〈0.0001） with P concentrations in field ponding water that was intentionally enclosed by construction of field bund. The relative high P loss during wheat growing season at Xinzhuang was due to high soil P status. In conclusion, P should be applied at rates balancing crop removal（20–30 kg P ha^–1 in this study） and at time excluding heavy rains. Moreover, irrigation and drainage water should be appropriately managed to reduce runoff P losses from rice-wheat cropping systems.
Breast‐conserving surgery (BCS) is the predominant treatment approach for initial breast cancer. However, due to a lack of effective methods evaluating BCS margins, local recurrence caused by ...positive margins remains an issue. Accordingly, radiation therapy (RT) is a common modality in patients with advanced breast cancer. However, while RT also protects normal tissue and enhances tumor bed doses to improve therapeutic effects, current radiosensitizers cannot meet these urgent clinical needs. To address this, a novel self‐assembled multifunctional nanoprobe (NP) gadolinium (Gd)–diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid–human serum albumin (HSA)@indocyanine green–Bevacizumab (NPs‐Bev) is synthesized to improve the efficacy of fluorescence‐image‐guided BCS and RT. Fluorescence image guidance of the second near infrared NP improves complete resection in tumor‐bearing mice and accurately discriminates between benign and malignant mammary tissue in transgenic mice. Moreover, targeting tumors with NPs induces more reactive oxygen species under X‐ray radiation therapy, which not only increases RT sensitivity, but also reduces tumor progression in mice. Interestingly, self‐assembled NPs‐Bev using HSA, the magnetic resonance contrast agent and Bevacizumab‐targeting vascular growth factor A, which are clinically safe reagents, are safe in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, the novel self‐assembled NPs provide a solid precision therapy platform to treat breast cancer.
This study synthesizes a novel self‐assembled multifunctional nanoprobe (NP) gadolinium–diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid–human serum albumin@indocyanine green (ICG)–Bevacizumab to successfully improve the efficacy of fluorescence‐image‐guided surgery and radiotherapy for breast cancer (BC). Interestingly, the platform's components are all clinically safe reagents. In the future, this NP is expected to provide a precision treatment platform for BC.
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