Research on populist attitudes and populist leaders’ narratives has largely overlooked what happens to populist attitudes after a populist is elected, especially among the populist’s supporters. ...Existing literature points to two possible directions of change. On one hand, if populist attitudes stem from a perceived lack of representation, then we would expect people’s populist attitudes to decrease once their preferred candidate is in power. On the other hand, scholars have observed that populist politicians in power continue to deploy populist rhetoric, suggesting that their supporters’ populist attitudes should stay constant or even increase. In this project, the author focuses on Donald Trump and his supporters to explore this mechanism. Drawing on a national survey conducted around the 2016 and 2020 elections, the author shows that Trump’s supporters saw a significant decrease in populist attitudes after he came into power compared with both other American voters and other Republicans. The author also demonstrates that this decrease in populist attitudes is associated with changes in the level of “feeling represented.” On the basis of these findings, the author argues that populist attitudes are driven by feelings of lack of representation over other mechanisms.
•A machine learning model was developed to estimate stem water potential from UAV.•An additional model was developed to detect three levels of water stress.•Models were developed at pixel-by-pixel ...and plant by plant scales.•Spatial distribution maps were constructed for a grapevine region for irrigation.•High accuracy models developed could assist irrigation and grapevine management.
Remote sensing can provide a fast and reliable alternative for traditional in situ water status measurement in vineyards. Several vegetation indices (VIs) derived from aerial multispectral imagery were tested to estimate midday stem water potential (Ψstem) of grapevines. The experimental trial was carried out in a vineyard in the Shangri-La region, located in Yunnan province in China. Statistical methods and machine learning algorithms were used to evaluate the correlations between Ψstem and VIs. Results by simple regression between VIs individually and Ψstem showed no significant relationships, with coefficient of determination (R2) for linear fitting smaller than 0.3 for almost all the indices studied, except for the Optimal Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (OSAVI); R2 = 0.42 with statistical significance (p ≤ 0.001). However, results from a model obtained by fitting using Artificial Neural Network (ANN), using all VIs calculated as inputs and real Ψstem from plants within the study site (n = 90) as targets (Model 1), showed high correlation between the estimated water potential through ANN (Ψstem ANN) and the actual measured Ψstem. Training, validation and testing data sets presented individual correlations of R = 0.8, 0.72 and 0.62 respectively. The models obtained from the study site were then applied to a wider area from the vineyard studied and compared to further Ψstem measured obtained from different sites (n = 23) showing high correlation values between Ψstem ANN and real Ψstem (R2 = 0.83; slope = 1; p ≤ 0.001). Finally, a pattern recognition ANN model (Model 2) was developed for irrigation scheduling purposes using the same Ψstem measured in the study site as inputs and with the following thresholds as outputs: Ψstem below −1.2 MPa considered as severe water stress (SS), Ψstem between −0.8 to −1.2 MPa as moderate stress (MS) and Ψstem over −0.8 MPa with no water stress (NS). This model can be applied to analyze on a plant by plant basis to identify sectors of stress within the vineyard for optimal irrigation management and to identify spatial variability within the vineyards.
Radical-right campaigns commonly employ three discursive elements: anti-elite populism, exclusionary and declinist nationalism, and authoritarianism. Recent scholarship has explored whether these ...frames have diffused from radical-right to centrist parties in the latter’s effort to compete for the former’s voters. This study instead investigates whether similar frames had been used by mainstream political actors prior to their exploitation by the radical right (in the U.S., Donald Trump’s 2016 and 2020 campaigns). To do so, we identify instances of populism, nationalism (i.e., exclusionary and inclusive definitions of national symbolic boundaries and displays of low and high national pride), and authoritarianism in the speeches of Democratic and Republican presidential nominees between 1952 and 2020. These frames are subtle, infrequent, and polysemic, which makes their measurement difficult. We overcome this by leveraging the affordances of neural language models—in particular, a robustly optimized variant of bidirectional encoder representations from Transformers (RoBERTa) and active learning. As we demonstrate, this approach is more effective for measuring discursive frames than other methods commonly used by social scientists. Our results suggest that what set Donald Trump’s campaign apart from those of mainstream presidential candidates was not the invention of a new form of politics, but the combination of negative evaluations of elites, low national pride, and authoritarianism—all of which had long been present among both parties—with an explicit evocation of exclusionary nationalism, which had been articulated only implicitly by prior presidential nominees. Radical-right discourse—at least at the presidential level in the United States—should therefore be characterized not as a break with the past but as an amplification and creative rearrangement of existing political-cultural tropes.
Background and aims
Improving the rate of polyp detection is an important measure to prevent colorectal cancer (CRC). Real-time automatic polyp detection systems, through deep learning methods, can ...learn and perform specific endoscopic tasks previously performed by endoscopists. The purpose of this study was to explore whether a high-performance, real-time automatic polyp detection system could improve the polyp detection rate (PDR) in the actual clinical environment.
Methods
The selected patients underwent same-day, back-to-back colonoscopies in a random order, with either traditional colonoscopy or artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted colonoscopy performed first by different experienced endoscopists (> 3000 colonoscopies). The primary outcome was the PDR. It was registered with
clinicaltrials.gov
. (NCT047126265).
Results
In this study, we randomized 150 patients. The AI system significantly increased the PDR (34.0% vs 38.7%,
p
< 0.001). In addition, AI-assisted colonoscopy increased the detection of polyps smaller than 6 mm (69 vs 91,
p
< 0.001), but no difference was found with regard to larger lesions.
Conclusions
A real-time automatic polyp detection system can increase the PDR, primarily for diminutive polyps. However, a larger sample size is still needed in the follow-up study to further verify this conclusion.
Trial Registration
clinicaltrials.gov
Identifier: NCT047126265
In order to improve the recovery rate of tight glutenite horizontal wells in the Baikouquan Formation in Mahu Sag, geological models were constructed through three aspects: structural modeling, ...lithofacies modeling, and attribute modeling; through rock mechanics parameters, in-situ stress direction, and vertical direction. Stress, pore fluid pressure, maximum horizontal principal stress, minimum horizontal principal stress to construct a one-dimensional in-situ stress model, combined with imaging logging wellbore wall caving and induced fractures to determine the in-situ stress direction to simulate the three-dimensional stress direction in the study area, using finite element method to simulate and The objective function fits and inverses the distribution of the three-dimensional in-situ stress field. Finally, comprehensive reservoir parameter characteristics and engineering parameter characteristics are used to predict the “sweet spot” of the study area. The results show that there are three types of sweet spots in the glutenite in the Mahu Depression: Type I sweet spots are good reservoirs with good oil content, high oil well production, and good reservoir engineering compressibility; Type II sweet spots are followed by oiliness and oil well production; Type III The sweet reservoirs have just reached the lower limit of the oil layer standard, mainly poor oil layers. The research results provide a reference for the development of Baikouquan tight glutenite in Mahu Sag.
Aristolochic acids (AAs), which are a group of nitrophenanthrene carboxylic acids formed by
Aristolochia
plant, have become an increasing serious threat to humans due to their nephrotoxicity and ...carcinogenicity. Fast and accurate approaches capable of simultaneous sensing of aristolochic acids (I–IV) are vital to avoid intake of such compounds. In this research, the novel ratiometric fluorescence zinc metal-organic framework and its nanowire have been prepared. The two different coordination modes (tetrahedral configuration and twisted triangular bipyramidal configuration) within zinc metal-organic framework lead to the significant double emissions. The ratiometric fluorescence approach based on nanowire provides a broader concentration range (3.00 × 10
−7
~
1.00 × 10
−4
M) and lower limit of detection (3.70 × 10
−8
M) than that based on zinc metal-organic framework (1.00 × 10
−6
~1.00 × 10
−4
M, 5.91 × 10
−7
M). The RSDs of the results are in the range 1.4–3.5% (nanowire). The density functional theory calculations and UV–Vis absorption verify that the sensing mechanism is due to charge transfer and energy transfer. Excellent spiked recoveries for AAs(I–IV) in soil and water support that nanowire is competent to simultaneously detect these targets in real samples, and the proposed approach has potential as a fluorescence sensing platform for the simultaneous detection of AAs (I–IV) in complex systems.
Graphical Abstract
The effect of wet environments on the dust cake of filter media was studied. The collapse angles of dust particles and the collapse angles between dust particles and filter media increase with ...increasing dust moisture content, relative humidity, and spray rate. The smallest growth rate of collapse was observed under dust moisture content, while the largest growth rate occurred under the spray rate condition. The collapse angles between dust particles and filter media of coated filter media were smaller compared to those of mechanical filter media under different wet environments. The dust cake drag coefficients of both filter media initially increase and then decrease with an increase in the dust moisture content, decrease with the acceleration of the relative humidity, and show a pattern of first decreasing and then increasing as the spray rate increases. The dust loading capacity of both filter media follows an opposite trend to that of the dust cake drag coefficients.
Although recent guidelines recommend endoscopic resection of rectal neuroendocrine tumors (NET) ≤10 mm, there is no consensus on which endoscopic modality should be performed. We aimed to compare the ...safety and efficacy of modified cap-assisted endoscopic mucosal resection (mEMR-C) and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) methods for the treatment of rectal NET ≤10 mm.
A randomized noninferiority trial comparing mEMR-C and ESD was conducted. The primary outcome was the histological complete resection rate; the secondary outcomes included en bloc resection rate, operation time, complications, and so on. Subgroup analyses and follow-up were also performed.
Ninety patients were enrolled, and 79 patients with pathologically confirmed rectal NET were finally analyzed, including 38 cases of mEMR-C and 41 cases of ESD. Histological complete resection rate was 97.4% in the mEMR-C group and 92.7% in the ESD group. The noninferiority of mEMR-C compared with that of ESD was confirmed because the absolute difference was 4.7% (2-sided 90% confidence interval, -3.3% to 12.2%; P = 0.616). En bloc resection and successful removal of rectal NET were achieved in all patients. Advantages of mEMR-C over ESD included shorter operation time (8.89 ± 4.58 vs 24.8 ± 9.14 minutes, P < 0.05) and lower hospitalization cost ($2,233.76 ± $717.70 vs $2,987.27 ± $871.81, P < 0.05). Postoperative complications were recorded in 4 patients who received mEMR-C and 2 patients in the ESD group (11.5% vs 4.9%, P = 0.509), which were all well managed using endoscopy. Similar findings were observed when subgroup analysis was performed.
mEMR-C is noninferior to ESD with a similar complete resection rate. In addition, mEMR-C had shorter procedure duration time and lower hospitalization costs.
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03982264.
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