A
bstract
It is well known that in
b
-hadron decays with a single unreconstructible final state particle, the decay kinematics can be solved up to a quadratic ambiguity, without any knowledge of the
...b
-hadron momentum. We present a method to infer the momenta of
b
-hadrons produced in hadron collider experiments using information from their reconstructed flight vectors. Our method is strictly agnostic to the decay itself, which implies that it can be validated with control samples of topologically similar decays to fully reconstructible final states. A multivariate regression algorithm based on the flight information provides a
b
-hadron momentum estimate with a resolution of around 60% which is sufficient to select the correct solution to the quadratic equation in around 70% of cases. This will improve the ability of hadron collider experiments to make differential decay rate measurements with semileptonic
b
-hadron decays.
c-VEMPs and o-VEMPs are a new diagnostic tool to detect diseases of the inner ear and the vestibular pathways. The aim of our study was to assess the reliability of c-VEMPs and o-VEMPs in some ...otoneurological diseases. We examined 27 patients, 15 F, 12 M, mean age 42,5. 20 Ménière disease (MD), 3 Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV) and 4 vestibular neuritis (VN). c-VEMPs were recorded from electrodes placed over the SCM, with reference over the clavicle. o-VEMPs from the same electrodes placed beneath the eye and reference 2 cm below. For both c-VEMPs and o-VEMPs we used acoustic stimuli (tone burst, 117 dB SPL). MD: both c-VEMPs and o-VEMPs were normal in 13 patients (65%); c-VEMPs were abnormal in 1 patient (5%); o-VEMPs in 4 patients (20%) and both c-VEMPs and o-VEMPs in 2 patients (10%). BPPV: normal in 2 pts. (67%); o-VEMPs abnormal in 1 pt. (33%) VN: c-VEMPs abnormal in 1 pt; (25%), o-VEMPs in 1pt. (25%) both c-VEMPs and o-VEMPs in 2 pts. (50%). c-VEMPs and o-VEMPs seem to be reliable tests to improve the diagnosis of otoneurological diseases. We point out that in some subjects with MD the only abnormal test was o-VEMPs.
Vestibular neuritis (VN) is a common neuro-otologic syndrome characterized by acute prolonged vertigo lasting several days, nausea, vomiting. Vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs) are ...becoming the better diagnostic tool in this pathology. VEMPs can be recorded from tonically contracted neck muscles by acoustic and galvanic stimulation or forehead tap (cervical VEMPs, c-VEMPs) or from extraocular muscles, using the same stimuli. (ocular VEMPs, o-VEMPs). The aim of our study was to assess the reliability of c-VEMPs and o-VEMPs in the diagnosis of VN. We examined 16 patients, 6 F, 10M, mean age 50.1 with vestibular neuritis (VN). c-VEMPs were recorded from electrodes placed over the SCM, with reference placed over the clavicle. o-VEMPs were recorded from the same electrodes placed beneath the eye and reference 2cm below. For both c-VEMPs and o-VEMPs we used acoustic stimuli. In 10 patients (62.5%), only o-VEMPs were absent or abnormal in the affected side; in one patient (6.2%) only c-VEMPs were abnormal; in 5 patients (31.2%) both c-VEMPs and o-VEMPs were absent or abnormal. c-VEMPs and o-VEMPs are reliable tests in the diagnosis of VN. Our results confirm o-VEMPs to be the most impaired test in this disease.
The International Muon Collider Collaboration (IMCC) 1 was established in 2020 following the recommendations of the European Strategy for Particle Physics (ESPP) and the implementation of the ...European Strategy for Particle Physics-Accelerator R&D Roadmap by the Laboratory Directors Group 2, hereinafter referred to as the the European LDG roadmap. The Muon Collider Study (MuC) covers the accelerator complex, detectors and physics for a future muon collider. In 2023, European Commission support was obtained for a design study of a muon collider (MuCol) 3. This project started on 1st March 2023, with work-packages aligned with the overall muon collider studies. In preparation of and during the 2021-22 U.S. Snowmass process, the muon collider project parameters, technical studies and physics performance studies were performed and presented in great detail. Recently, the P5 panel 4 in the U.S. recommended a muon collider R&D, proposed to join the IMCC and envisages that the U.S. should prepare to host a muon collider, calling this their "muon shot". In the past, the U.S. Muon Accelerator Programme (MAP) 5 has been instrumental in studies of concepts and technologies for a muon collider.
It is well known that in \(b\) hadron decays with a single unreconstructible final state particle, the decay kinematics can be solved up to a quadratic ambiguity, without any knowledge of the \(b\) ...hadron momentum. We present a method to infer the momenta of \(b\) hadrons produced in hadron collider experiments using information from their reconstructed flight vectors. Our method is strictly agnostic to the decay itself, which implies that it can be validated with control samples of topologically similar decays to fully reconstructible final states. A multivariate regression algorithm based on the flight information provides a \(b\) hadron momentum estimate with a resolution of around 60% which is sufficient to select the correct solution to the quadratic equation in around 70% of cases. This will improve the ability of hadron collider experiments to make differential decay rate measurements with semileptonic \(b\) hadron decays.