Overview of the H.264/AVC video coding standard Wiegand, T.; Sullivan, G.J.; Bjontegaard, G. ...
IEEE transactions on circuits and systems for video technology,
07/2003, Letnik:
13, Številka:
7
Journal Article
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H.264/AVC is newest video coding standard of the ITU-T Video Coding Experts Group and the ISO/IEC Moving Picture Experts Group. The main goals of the H.264/AVC standardization effort have been ...enhanced compression performance and provision of a "network-friendly" video representation addressing "conversational" (video telephony) and "nonconversational" (storage, broadcast, or streaming) applications. H.264/AVC has achieved a significant improvement in rate-distortion efficiency relative to existing standards. This article provides an overview of the technical features of H.264/AVC, describes profiles and applications for the standard, and outlines the history of the standardization process.
•Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common (61%) in critically-ill obstetric patients.•AKI increased duration of hospitalization and mortality (33% versus 0%).•A combination of urinary biomarkers TIMP-2 · ...IGFBP7 did not predict AKI.•A combination of urinary biomarkers TIMP-2 · IGFBP7 did not predict mortality.•Previous results for urinary TIMP-2 · IGFBP7 need validation in obstetrics.
There are few data regarding acute kidney injury in critically-ill obstetric patients. A combination of urinary cell cycle arrest markers, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) and insulin-like growth factor binding protein7 (IGFBP7), is validated for the early prediction of acute kidney injury in non-obstetric patients.
We evaluated the epidemiology of acute kidney injury in critically-ill obstetric patients and the role of the biomarker combination in predicting acute kidney injury and mortality. Acute kidney injury, its severity and risk factors, were assessed using Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) guidelines during the intensive care unit stay. An ELISA technique measured TIMP-2 and IGFBP7 in urine samples collected at the time of admission there.
Results for 66 patients showed an overall incidence of acute kidney injury of 40/66 (61%), with 50%, 10% and 40% being in stage 1, 2 and 3 respectively. Patients with acute kidney injury showed significantly greater sepsis and shock; longer stay and higher mortality during intensive care (33% vs 0%) and in hospital (38% vs 0%) compared to those without (P <0.05). The area-under-the receiver operating characteristics curve was <0.5 for urinary TIMP-2·IGFBP7 as a predictor of kidney injury and mortality (P >0.05).
Acute kidney injury is common in critically-ill obstetric patients, increasing mortality and duration of hospitalization. It was significantly more common in patients with septic shock. Previously validated results of urinary TIMP-2·IGFBP7 that successfully predict early acute kidney injury or mortality are not applicable to obstetric patients.
Cytochromes P450 from eukaryotes and their native redox partners cytochrome P450 reductases both belong to the class of monotopic membrane proteins containing one transmembrane anchor. Incorporation ...into the lipid bilayer significantly affects their equilibrium and kinetic properties and plays an important role in their interactions. We describe here the detailed protocols developed in our group for the functional self-assembly of mammalian cytochromes P450 and cytochrome P450 reductases into Nanodiscs with controlled lipid composition. The resulting preparations are fully functional, homogeneous in size, composition and oligomerization state of the heme enzyme, and show an improved stability with respect to P420 formation. We provide a brief overview of applications of Nanodisc technology to the biophysical and biochemical mechanistic studies of cytochromes P450 involved in steroidogenesis, and of the most abundant xenobiotic-metabolizing human cytochrome P450 CYP3A4.
Abstract A 25 years old female patient with pregnancy of 16 weeks (G2 P1 ), diagnosed to have distal anterior cerebral artery aneurysm (DACA) with Hunt & Hess grade I, subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) ...and coexisting atretic type of aortic coarctation posted for aneurysmal clipping under general anesthesia is a challenge to anesthesiologists in perioperative period. Hypertensive surges in a pregnant patient may result in rupture of aneurysms. Mortality in the mothers with CoA has been reported to be in the range of 0 to 9%. Anesthetic management of a pregnancy with CoA and SAH has never been reported.
The aetiologies of both chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and its predecessor neurasthenia, have been linked to technological advances in ‘developed’ countries. This paper discusses how this has led to ...a form of race thinking within discussions about fatigue which has persisted for more than a century. We review the historical development of this race thinking from neurasthenia to CFS and describe how it is manifested in both the lay- and medical literature. We also review the epidemiological literature on CFS and ethnicity to better understand the relatively low percentage of non-white patients seen in tertiary referral clinics for CFS. The aim of this paper is to act as a starting point for a debate on race and CFS .
Asian Indians have a high prevalence of insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome. Currently, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered to be an integral part of the metabolic ...syndrome with insulin resistance as a central pathogenic factor. We studied anthropometric parameters, insulin resistance and metabolic co-variates in subjects with NAFLD as compared to those without NAFLD, and also developed a prediction score for NAFLD.
Thirty nine subjects with NAFLD and 82 controls were selected for the study after ultrasonography of 121 consecutive apparently healthy subjects. Anthropometric profile body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) etc,, lipid profile, hepatic aminotransferases, fasting blood glucose (FBG), insulin were recorded and value of homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was analysed. Step-wise logistic regression analysis and area under the receiver operator curve (aROC) were analysed to arrive at a prediction score.
Overall, prevalence of NAFLD was 32.2 per cent and prevalence of metabolic syndrome was seen in 41 per cent among cases and 19.5 per cent in controls (P<0.01). Subjects with NAFLD had significantly higher values of BMI, WC, hip circumference, FBG, fasting insulin, total cholesterol and serum triglycerides. Step-wise logistic regression analysis showed odds ratio (OR) and 95 per cent confidence interval (CI) for BMI 4.3 (1.6, 11.3), FBG 5.5 (1.5, 19.8) and fasting insulin 2.4 (1.0, 5.8) as independent predictors of NAFLD. The prediction score for NAFLD was; 1 (fasting insulin) +1.6 (BMI) + 1.9 (FBG) (sensitivity of 84.6%, specificity of 51.2% and aROC 76%).
In this study, presence of NAFLD indicated close relationship with multiple features of metabolic syndrome. The prediction score developed could be used as a screening tool to predict NAFLD among Asian Indians in north India.
The aim of the present review is to illustrate the pathogenesis and imaging findings of tuberculosis in specific head and neck regions to avoid pitfalls in diagnosis. It is imperative to be aware of, ...and provide an early diagnosis for, extra-pulmonary tubercular lesions in the head and neck. A high index of suspicion combined with an appropriate clinical setting serves as an important background to diagnose tubercular lesions in the head and neck region and differentiate them from malignancy and other disease entities. Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent irreversible and debilitating complications and mortality from disseminated tuberculosis.
Attractive self-interactions and reversible self-association are implicated in many problematic solution behaviors for therapeutic proteins, such as irreversible aggregation, elevated viscosity, ...phase separation, and opalescence. Protein self-interactions and reversible oligomerization of two Fc-fusion proteins (monovalent and bivalent) and the corresponding fusion partner protein were characterized experimentally with static and dynamic light scattering as a function of pH (5 and 6.5) and ionic strength (10 mM to at least 300 mM). The fusion partner protein and monovalent Fc-fusion each displayed net attractive electrostatic self-interactions at pH 6.5 and net repulsive electrostatic self-interactions at pH 5. Solutions of the bivalent Fc-fusion contained higher molecular weight species that prevented quantification of typical interaction parameters (B 22 and k D). All three of the proteins displayed reversible self-association at pH 6.5, where oligomers dissociated with increased ionic strength. Coarse-grained molecular simulations were used to model the self-interactions measured experimentally, assess net self-interactions for the bivalent Fc-fusion, and probe the specific electrostatic interactions between charged amino acids that were involved in attractive electrostatic self-interactions. Mayer-weighted pairwise electrostatic energies from the simulations suggested that attractive electrostatic self-interactions at pH 6.5 for the two Fc-fusion proteins were due to cross-domain interactions between the fusion partner domain(s) and the Fc domain.
We report a rare case of a 32-year-old male with live extralymphatic filarial infestation presenting as a facial subcutaneous soft-tissue swelling. To the best of our knowledge these imaging findings ...have not been previously reported in the head and neck region in the existing English language literature. Real-time high-resolution ultrasonography revealed a solitary well-defined subcutaneous cystic lesion over the right zygomatic arch. It showed multiple linear, echogenic, undulating structures exhibiting a persistent twirling motion during the examination. This typical ultrasonographic appearance was consistent with the filarial dance sign (FDS) of live adult filarial worms. Subsequent MRI confirmed the cystic and solitary nature of the lesion. Complete excision of the cyst was performed, which revealed intracystic straw-coloured fluid and multiple white-coloured adult worms within the lesion. Histopathological examination confirmed multiple adult filarial worms with surrounding reactive inflammatory changes. In an endemic region, identification of the FDS in any normal anatomical structure or abnormal swelling, however remote or unusual the location within the body, should strongly suggest the diagnosis of live active filarial infestation. In view of the increasing migratory trends in the global population, it is imperative for radiologists in all countries to be aware of the typical imaging findings of this disease to arrive at the correct diagnosis.
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