The thermal and kinematic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effects (tSZ, kSZ) probe the thermodynamic properties of the circumgalactic and intracluster medium (CGM and ICM) of galaxies, groups, and clusters, since ...they are proportional, respectively, to the integrated electron pressure and momentum along the line-of-sight. We present constraints on the gas thermodynamics of CMASS galaxies in the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS) using new measurements of the kSZ and tSZ signals obtained in a companion paper. Combining kSZ and tSZ measurements, we measure within our model the amplitude of energy injection $\epsilon M_\star c^2$, where $M_\star$ is the stellar mass, to be $\epsilon=(40\pm9)\times10^{-6}$, and the amplitude of the non-thermal pressure profile to be $\alpha_{\rm Nth}<0.2$ (2$\sigma$), indicating that less than 20% of the total pressure within the virial radius is due to a non-thermal component. We estimate the effects of including baryons in the modeling of weak-lensing galaxy cross-correlation measurements using the best fit density profile from the kSZ measurement. Our estimate reduces the difference between the original theoretical model and the weak-lensing galaxy cross-correlation measurements in arXiv:1611.08606 by half, but does not fully reconcile it. Comparing the kSZ and tSZ measurements to cosmological simulations, we find that they under predict the CGM pressure and to a lesser extent the CGM density at larger radii. This suggests that the energy injected via feedback models in the simulations that we compared against does not sufficiently heat the gas at these radii. We do not find significant disagreement at smaller radii. These measurements provide novel tests of current and future simulations. Here, this work demonstrates the power of joint, high signal-to-noise kSZ and tSZ observations, upon which future cross-correlation studies will improve.
The past few decades have seen the burgeoning of wide-field, high-cadence surveys, the most formidable of which will be the Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) to be conducted by the Vera C. Rubin ...Observatory. So new is the field of systematic time-domain survey astronomy; however, that major scientific insights will continue to be obtained using smaller, more flexible systems than the LSST. One such example is the Gravitational-wave Optical Transient Observer (GOTO) whose primary science objective is the optical follow-up of gravitational wave events. The amount and rate of data production by GOTO and other wide-area, high-cadence surveys presents a significant challenge to data processing pipelines which need to operate in near-real time to fully exploit the time domain. In this study, we adapt the Rubin Observatory LSST Science Pipelines to process GOTO data, thereby exploring the feasibility of using this ‘off-the-shelf’ pipeline to process data from other wide-area, high-cadence surveys. In this paper, we describe how we use the LSST Science Pipelines to process raw GOTO frames to ultimately produce calibrated coadded images and photometric source catalogues. After comparing the measured astrometry and photometry to those of matched sources from PanSTARRS DR1, we find that measured source positions are typically accurate to subpixel levels, and that measured L-band photometries are accurate to $\sim50$ mmag at $m_L\sim16$ and $\sim200$ mmag at $m_L\sim18$. These values compare favourably to those obtained using GOTO’s primary, in-house pipeline, gotophoto, in spite of both pipelines having undergone further development and improvement beyond the implementations used in this study. Finally, we release a generic ‘obs package’ that others can build upon, should they wish to use the LSST Science Pipelines to process data from other facilities.
Background: Febrile neutropenia (FN) remains a serious complication of cancer chemotherapy often leading to hospitalization and an increased risk of mortality and cost.
Methods: Data on ...hospitalizations between 2004 and 2012 at US academic medical centers and their affiliated hospitals reporting to the University Health Consortium were utilized. The analysis included admissions of adult patients (age ≥18 years) with lymphoma or solid tumors and neutropenia. For patients with multiple admissions, the first hospitalization during the time period studied was selected. Cancer diagnosis, presence of neutropenia, comorbidities, and infectious complications were based on ICD-9-CM codes. The primary outcome of the analysis was total cost of hospitalization. All cost estimates were adjusted for inflation and converted to 2014 US dollars. Length of stay (LOS) and mortality were studied as secondary outcomes. A multivariable linear regression model was used to evaluate the association of demographic and clinical factors with the total cost. Both total cost and LOS were log-transformed in the model.
Results: Among 3.3 million hospitalizations of adult patients with solid tumors or lymphoma from 239 medical institutions, there were 108,807 admissions with neutropenia in 86,611 individual patients including 29% with lymphoma, 13% gastrointestinal cancer, 13% lung cancer, 10% breast cancer, and 35% with other solid tumors. Nearly one-quarter (24%) were between 50-59 years of age and an additional 27% of patients were 60-69 years old. Major comorbid diseases were present in 70% of patients with 25,923 (30%), 19,636 (23%), and 15,005 (17%) having 1, 2, or ≥3 major medical comorbidities, respectively. Median (mean) LOS was 5 (8.6) days with a quarter of patients hospitalized >10 days and 17% requiring the intensive care unit (ICU) stay. Average cost per day and total cost of hospitalization were $2,556 and $22,126, respectively. For patients who required ICU care, considerably higher total cost (mean: $51,745 vs. $15,953), cost per day (mean: $3,598 vs. $2,075), and length of hospitalization (mean: 15.8 vs. 7.1 days) were observed compared to patients without ICU stay. Hospitalization costs were greater in patients with lymphoma (mean=$29,853) compared to solid tumors (mean=$18,883) where the mean cost ranged from $11,337 in patients with breast cancer to $28,581 in those with brain tumors. Hospitalization costs increased in patients with major comorbidities with the highest mean costs for venous thromboembolism ($43,660), cerebrovascular disease ($43,273) and hepatic disease ($42,441) with mean lengths of stay of 15.6, 14.8, and 13.2 days, respectively. Regardless of tumor type, presence of multiple comorbidities further increased cost. Infectious complications associated with greatest mean costs were sepsis ($45,861), IV line infection ($45,021), pneumonia ($40,438), and fungal infections ($36,203). While changes in average LOS over time were small (mean 8.3 and 8.6 days in 2004 and 2012, respectively), the average cost of hospitalization, adjusted for inflation, rose from $18,815 in 2004 to $23,352 in 2012. In-hospital mortality was observed in 6.9% of patients overall with annual mortality rates varying between a minimum of 6.4% and maximum of 7.5% remaining relatively stable over time (6.8% in 2004, 6.4% in 2012). After adjusting for age, ethnicity, cancer type and LOS in the multivariable model, multiple comorbidities, infection, and year of hospitalization remained significantly associated with increased total cost.
Conclusions: FN represents an oncologic emergency often requiring hospitalization and is associated with considerable mortality and costs. Major drivers of hospitalization costs include type of malignancy, number of major comorbidities and infectious complications. While lengths of stay and mortality rates have remained relatively constant, costs of hospitalization with cancer and neutropenia have risen over the past decade, considerably outpacing the rate of inflation.
Lyman:Amgen: Research Funding. Crawford:Aggenix: Consultancy; Amgen: Consultancy, Research Funding; Bayer: Consultancy; Boehringer Ingelheim: Consultancy; Eli Lilly: Consultancy; Gilead: Consultancy; Hospira: Consultancy; Ono Pharmaceutical: Consultancy; Astra Zeneca: Research Funding; GTx: Research Funding; Med Immune: Research Funding; Morphotek: Research Funding. Dale:Amgen: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau.
Abstract This study evaluated concordance between self-reports and surgeon assessments of short-term complications. A total of 3976 primary total hip arthroplasty patients consented for an ...institutional registry (5/2007-12/2008); 3186 (80.1%) completed a 6-month survey; 137 (4.4%) reported deep venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, major bleeding, fracture, or dislocation. Patients reporting complications were called. Positive predictive values and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for patient self-report were measured, using surgeon assessment for comparison: pulmonary embolism, 88.9% (95% CI, 78.4%-99.4%); dislocation, 81.1% (95% CI, 75.9%-86.5%); fracture, 73.7% (95% CI, 63.8%-83.5%); deep venous thrombosis, 69.7% (95% CI, 61.9%-77.5%); major bleeding, 32.0% (95% CI, 19.4%-44.5%); any bleeding, 88.0% (95% CI, 75.3%-99.9%). Of 97 confirmed complications, 64.95% presented to outside institutions. Registry data on self-reported complications may overcome limitations of traditional methods, but data should be interpreted cautiously. Concordance was high for PE and dislocation but low for major bleeding.
An attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) study was undertaken to determine the mechanism of a new staining technique on the structural organization of upper vagus nerve ...tissue. This new blue phosphate-buffered copper sulfate/acetylthiocholine iodide/glycine solution turned nerve tissue white in color. From the ATR-FTIR data, it became apparent that this was a stepwise process involving conformational changes of the nerve tissue components. Initially, the conformation of the saccharide components of the connective tissue sheath were altered by the copper/glycine complex, causing the sheath to swell. Significant quantities of copper were confirmed to be present in the stained tissue by inductively coupled plasma (ICP) analysis. This swelling then facilitated the diffusion of the lipotropic acetylthiocholine salts to and subsequent interaction with the lipid/protein molecules in the myelin sheath. It is hypothesized that this structural alteration of the myelin sheath produced a more dense protein layer, resulting in the white coloration of the nerve tissue. (The J Histotechnol 25:85, 2002)
Submitted March 5, 2002; accepted April 5, 2002
Forty Years Master Killman, Daniel O; Lyman, John; Huycke, Harold D ...
2016, 2016-04-15
eBook
During Daniel O. Killman’s more than fifty years at sea, he was shipwrecked off Coos Bay, discovered gold in Alaska, was dismasted in a hurricane near Fiji, lost a rudder en route to Adelaide, ...had run-ins with bureaucrats, officials, and seamen, and found himself in court facing charges of murder, all the while remaining in impeccable standing with the owners of his vessels. His thrilling life at sea during the last decades of sailing ships and the emergence of steam vessels in the Pacific is chronicled in Forty Years Master: A Life in Sail and Steam. Edited and annotated nearly forty years after Killman’s death by prominent Pacific Coast maritime historians John Lyman and Harold D. Huycke Jr., Killman’s memoir has been compiled by Rebecca Huycke Ellison from her father’s papers. Now with an introduction by maritime scholar Brian J. Rouleau and an afterword by David Hull, Killman’s rollicking narrative of storms, surly mates, bustling ports, and the business of navigating the high seas will entertain and inform scholars, students, and general readers interested in nautical and maritime history, late nineteenth–early twentieth century trade and commerce, and West Coast/trans-Pacific maritime history.  
Abstract
The aims of this study are (i) to report on the rates of subsequent surgery following hip arthroscopy and (ii) to identify prognostic variables associated with revision surgery, survival ...rates and complication rates. The Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System database, a census of hospital admissions and ambulatory surgery in New York State, was used to identify cases of primary hip arthroscopy. Demographic information and rates of subsequent revision hip arthroscopy or arthroplasty were collected. The risks were modeled with use of age, sex, procedure and surgeon volume as risk factors. Survival analyses were also performed, and 30-day complication was recorded. We identified 8267 procedures in 7836 patients from 1998 to 2012. Revision surgery occurred in 1087 cases (13.2%) at a mean of 1.7 ± 1.6 (mean ± SD) years. Revision arthroscopy accounted for 311 cases (3.8%), and arthroplasty for 796 (9.7%) cases. Survival analysis showed a 2-year survival rate of 88.1%, 5-year of 80.7% and 10-year of 74.9%. Regression analysis revealed that age >50 years hazard ratio (HR) 2.09; confidence interval (CI) 1.82–2.39, P < 0.01 and a diagnosis of osteoarthritis (HR 2.72; CI 2.21–3.34, P < 0.01) were associated with increased risk of re-operation. Labral repair was associated with a lower risk of re-operation (HR 0.71; CI 0.54–0.93, P = 0.01). Finally, higher surgeon volume (>164 cases/year) resulted in a lower risk of re-operation versus lower volume (<102 cases/year) (HR 0.42; CI 0.32–0.54, P < 0.01). The 30-day complication rate was 0.2%. Older age and pre-existing osteoarthritis increased the likelihood of re-operation following hip arthroscopy, whereas performing a labral repair and having the procedure performed by a higher-volume surgeon lowered the risk of re-operation.
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