In the recent years the concept of knowledge graph has emerged as a way to aggregate information from various sources without imposing too strict data modelling constraints. Several graph models have ...been proposed during the years, ranging from the “standard” RDF to more expressive ones, such as Neo4J and RDF-star. The adoption of knowledge graph has become established in several domains. It is for instance the case of the 3D geoinformation domain, where the adoption of semantic web technologies has led to several works in data integration and publishing. However, yet there is not a well-defined model or technique to represent 3D geoinformation including uncertainty and time variation in knowledge graphs. In this paper we propose a model to represent parameterized geometries of subsurface objects. The vocabulary of the model has been defined as an OWL ontology and it extends existing ontologies by adding classes and properties to represent the uncertainty and the spatio-temporal behaviour of a geometry, as well as additional attributes, such as the data provenance. The model has been validated on significant use cases showing different types of uncertainties on 3D subsurface objects. A possible implementation is also presented, using RDF-star for the data representation.
ONTOLOGY-BASED RULE COMPLIANCE CHECKING FOR SUBSURFACE OBJECTS Métral, C.; Daponte, V.; Caselli, A. ...
International archives of the photogrammetry, remote sensing and spatial information sciences.,
09/2020, Letnik:
XLIV-4/W1-2020
Journal Article, Conference Proceeding
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This paper presents a model for representing compliance rules related to subsurface objects. Rules expressed in this model can be automatically evaluated (using SHACL or SPARQL) on existing 3D city ...models expressed in RDF. The main characteristics of the proposed model are (1) its expressiveness, that comes from the use of formal ontologies for representing the rules and the objects they refer to, (2) its integrative nature, given by the interconnection among the proposed ontologies and the connection of these ontologies with CityGML and IFC (in an ontological form), and (3) its multi-geometry aspect. Preliminary results allow to automatically evaluate formally expressed compliance rules for underground objects in a 3D city model, that will considerably ease the task of professionals of the field.
The application of the linked data principles provide a simple and effective way to publish and share data on the Web. The publication of geodata on the Web bas been studied and developed for a long ...time, leading to the creation of geo vocabularies and ontologies as well as geographic query languages. This is also true for 3D geodata, for which multiple RDF vocabularies and OWL ontologies exist (at the building, city, or territory level). In this paper we show that at least two issues remain to be addressed to reach a satisfactory publication framework for 3D linked geodata. First, the semantic model interconnection issue is not magically solved by the creation of ontologies, it requires the careful design of interconnection and extension schemes and their management. Second, the representation of additional dimensions, such as time, level of detail, confidence level, provenance, etc. cannot be directly handled in RDF. For these two issues we propose methodologies and design patterns and show how they can actually be used to create a semantically rich representation of 3D or nD linked geodata.
Virtual 3D city models are used for different applications such as urban planning, navigation, pedestrian behaviour, historical information, and disaster management. These applications require rich ...information models that associate urban objects not only with their geometric properties but also with other types of information. When designing such models the choice of visualization techniques is far from trivial because the city objects must be displayed together with additional information, such as historical facts, planning projects, pollutant concentration, noise level, etc. Finding relevant techniques depends on a set of criteria such as the type of information, but also on the tasks that will be performed and the associated context. Furthermore, a technique that is relevant when used in isolation may generate visual incompatibilities when used in conjunction with another one. We have defined a model for the representation of information visualization techniques in 3D city models. We have implemented this model in the form of an ontology and a knowledge base of techniques currently used in 3D city models or 3D GIS. The goal of such an approach is to provide a knowledge repository to support the design of 3D virtual city models in which non-geometric information must be presented. In this paper we describe the model and the ontology of information visualization techniques that we designed. We also show how the associated knowledge base can be used for the selection of visualization techniques depending on different criteria including task and context, and for the detection of visual incompatibilities between techniques when used in the same scene.
Considering sustainable development of cities implies investigating cities in a holistic way taking into account many interrelations between various urban or environmental issues. 3D city models are ...increasingly used in different cities and countries for an intended wide range of applications beyond mere visualization. Could these 3D City models be used to integrate urban and environmental knowledge? How could they be improved to fulfill such role? We believe that enriching the semantics of current 3D city models, would extend their functionality and usability; therefore, they could serve as integration platforms of the knowledge related to urban and environmental issues allowing a huge and significant improvement of city sustainable management and development. But which elements need to be added to 3D city models? What are the most efficient ways to realize such improvement / enrichment? How to evaluate the usability of these improved 3D city models? These were the questions tackled by the COST Action TU0801 " Semantic enrichment of 3D city models for sustainable urban development ". This book gathers various materials developed all along the four year of the Action and the significant breakthroughs.
The electrophoretic mobilities of 58 peptides that varied in size from 2 to 39 amino acids and varied in charge from 0.65 to 7.82 are presented. The measurements were conducted at 22°C using a 10% ...linear polyacrylamide-coated column and a 50 m
M phosphate buffer at pH 2.5. Excellent separation of peptides and highly reliable peptide maps of protein digests are routinely obtained using these experimental conditions. The electrophoretic data were used to test existing theoretical models that correlate electrophoretic mobility with physical parameters. The results indicate that the Offord model that correlates electrophoretic mobility with the charge-to-size parameter
q/
M
2/3 offers the best fit of our reliable experimental data. Furthermore, we also obtained the capillary zone electrophoretic profile of the endoproteinase Lys-C digests of a peptide sequencing standard, melittin, and horse myoglobin under the same experimental conditions as described above. The resulting peptide maps were compared with corresponding theoretical simulation.
Ontologies are increasingly recognized as essential tools in information science. Although the concepts are well understood theoretically , the practical implementation of ontologies remains ...challenging. In this book, researchers in computer science, information systems, ontology engineering, urban planning and design, civil and building engineering, and architecture present an interdisciplinary study of ontology engineering and its application in urban development projects. The first part of the book introduces the general notion of ontology, describing variations in abstraction level, coverage, and formality. It also discusses the use of ontologies to achieve interoperability, and to represent multiple points of view and multilingualism. This is illustrated with examples from the urban domain. The second part is specific to urban development. It covers spatial and geographical knowledge representation, the creation of urban ontologies from various knowledge sources, the interconnection of urban models and the interaction between standards and domain models. The third part presents case studies of the development of ontologies for urban mobility, urban morphological processes, road systems, and cultural heritage. Other cases report on the use of ontologies to solve urban development problems, in construction business models, building regulations and urban regeneration. It concludes with a discussion of key challenges for the future deployment of ontologies in this domain. This book bridges the gap between urban practitioners and computer scientists. As the essence of most urban projects lies in making connections between worldviews, ontology development has an important role to play, in promoting interoperability between data sources, both formal (urban databases, Building Integrated Models, Geographical Information Systems etc.) and less formal (thesauri, text records, web sources etc.). This volume offers a comprehensive introduction to ontology engineeringfor urban development. It is essential reading for practitioners and ontology designers working in urban development.
Considering sustainable development of cities implies investigating cities in a holistic way taking into account many interrelations between various urban or environmental issues. 3D city models are ...increasingly used in different cities and countries for an intended wide range of applications beyond mere visualization. Could these 3D City models be used to integrate urban and environmental knowledge? How could they be improved to fulfill such role? We believe that enriching the semantics of current 3D city models, would extend their functionality and usability; therefore, they could serve as integration platforms of the knowledge related to urban and environmental issues allowing a huge and significant improvement of city sustainable management and development. But which elements need to be added to 3D city models? What are the most efficient ways to realize such improvement / enrichment? How to evaluate the usability of these improved 3D city models? These were the questions tackled by the COST Action TU0801 “Semantic enrichment of 3D city models for sustainable urban development”. This book gathers various materials developed all along the four year of the Action and the significant breakthroughs.
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