Accession of the Central and Eastern European Countries is one of the biggest political projects for the European Union. As in all previous enlargements the agricultural chapter proves to be one of ...the most sensitive fields of the negotiations. This book examines the effects of enlargement on agricultural markets and government expenditure in the candidate countries as well as possible effects of different choices in the politically sensitive areas of direct payments and production quotas. The ten candidate countries have quite diverse economic and agricultural characteristics. Membership in the European Union, therefore, leads to varying macroeconomic effects. Two chapters specifically deal with these aspects and their effects on agriculture as well as likely country-specific developments in Hungary and in Slovenia. The quantitative tools developed and used for this analysis have also been more widely used by governments and institutions in analyses of questions related to enlargement. The book describes and documents these quantitative tools.
The Joint Inspection Unit (JIU) was established in 1966 in response to a fnancial crisis within the UN. It is the only oversight body covering almost the whole UN system, which includes the United ...Nations and its Specialized Agencies. From its inception until the end of 2017, the JIU published 460 reports and 72 notes. In the past the Unit had been criticized for the lack of satis fac tory performance, which triggered a largely successful reform process during the last two decades. Today, the JIU is considered an important pillar of the UN oversight apparatus, which also includes the Board of Auditors (BoA) and the Ofice of International Oversight Services (OIOS).
Die Gemeinsame Inspektionsgruppe (JIU) wurde nach der Finanzkrise der UN in den 1960er Jahren als systemübergreifendes, externes Prüfungsorgan geschaffen. Sie bildet im Dreigestirn mit dem Rat der ...Rechnungsprüfer (BoA) und dem Amt für interne Aufsichtsdienste (OIOS) eine wichtige Säule des Kontrollwesens der UN.
The Joint Inspection Unit (JIU) was established in 1966 in response to a financial crisis within the UN. It is the only oversight body covering almost the whole UN system, which includes the United Nations and its Specialized Agencies. From its inception until the end of 2017, the JIU published 460 reports and 72 notes. In the past the Unit had been criticized for the lack of satisfactory performance, which triggered a largely successful reform process during the last two decades. Today, the JIU is considered an important pillar of the UN oversight apparatus, which also includes the Board of Auditors (BoA) and the Office of International Oversight Services (OIOS).
Die interne Rechtspflege in den Vereinten Nationen gehört zu den ›Dauerbrennern‹ der Tagesordnung des 5. Hauptausschusses der Generalversammlung. Im April 2005 wurde der Generalsekretär gebeten, eine ...Expertengruppe einzusetzen, die Vorschläge für eine totale Revision des allseits als unbefriedigend empfundenen Systems der internen Rechtspflege ausarbeiten sollte. Der Bericht liegt seit Juli 2006 vor. Seine Vorschläge sind mutig, allerdings auch recht kostenintensiv. The UN's system of administration of justice is one of the recurrent coreissues on the agenda of the Administrative and Budgetary Committee of the General Assembly. This is why the General Assembly requested the Secretary-General to establish a panel of experts to consider redesigning the seemingly inadequate system. The panel published its report in July 2006, advocating a fundamental overhaul. According to the author, its proposals are courageous but could prove expensive.
Ineffektiv, umständlich, teuer - mit kritischen Tönen dieser Art hat die UN-Generalversammlung das bisherige System des Rechtsschutzes für UN-Bedienstete bewertet. Seit dem 1. Juli 2009 besteht nun ...ein neues, von Grund auf reformiertes System. Es setzt darauf, möglichst viele Konflikte auf informellem Wege zu lösen. Wenn dies nicht gelingt, steht den Bediensteten ein professionell besetztes Verwaltungsgericht mit zwei Instanzen zur Verfügung. "Ineffective, cumbersome, expensive" is the way in which the UN General Assembly qualified the old system of redress for UN staff members in employment-related disputes with the Secretariat in a number of resolutions adopted in past years. In 2008, member states, after two years of joint negotiations in the General Assembly's Legal as well as Administrative and Budgetary Committees, agreed on a new and totally redesigned system of administration of justice which entered into force on 1 July 2009. It puts particular emphasis on informal conflict resolution through introduction of a management evaluation procedure and an enhanced role of the ombudsperson. If the case can not be resolved in the informal system, it can be now submitted for formal resolution to a two-tier, professional and decentralized UN tribunal that replaces the old advisory bodies and can institute binding decisions.
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