A precise calibration and monitoring system has been developed for the HARP experiment scintillator-based time of flight system. An Nd-YAG laser with passive Q-switch and active/passive mode-locking ...and a custom-made laser light injection system based on a bundle of IR monomode optical fibers were used. The laser pulse timing was provided by a novel ultrafast InGaAs MSM photodiode, with 30 ps risetime. Experience over a several month data taking period in 2001 and 2002 shows that drifts in timing down to about 70 ps can be traced.
The identification of natural gas hydrates and shallow free gas in sedimentary basins is critical for understanding the organic carbon cycle dynamics in the shallow geosphere, as well as for ...geohazard studies related to the development of commercial hydrocarbon fields. In this study, we report for the first time the evidence for the potential occurrence of a natural gas hydrate system along the continental margin of Australia, on the Exmouth Plateau (NW Shelf). By the use of high-quality 3D seismic data, calibrated by downhole data from ODP and industry boreholes, we interpret a series of shallow high-amplitude anomalies, including patchy bottom-simulating reflections, as the seismic expression of localised accumulations of free gas beneath the base of hydrate stability, and overlying high-saturation hydrates or authigenic carbonates. The hydrate-bearing reservoir is constituted by Neogene and Quaternary fine-grained carbonate nannofossil and foraminifera-rich oozes. The patchy distribution of the shallow free gas and hydrate accumulations, which reflects the geometry of deeper fault blocks, is hypothesised to result from the leakage of thermogenic gas from deeper reservoirs. The interpretation of a thermogenic origin for the hydrate-forming gases is supported by (1) the existence in the study area of several thermogenic gas discoveries within Late Triassic reservoirs, (2) seismic evidence of cross-stratal and stratal pathways for migrating gases in the overburden, (3) the presence of free gas accumulations at depths intermediate between the deep reservoirs and shallow gas hydrate systems, and (4) geochemical and lithological evidence that the conditions which favour the generation of shallow microbial gas are not present in the area. The acquisition of downhole log and sample data through the observed seismic amplitude anomalies is necessary to test the interpretations and hypotheses presented in this manuscript.
•A natural gas hydrate system is interpreted to occur on the Exmouth Plateau.•The hydrocarbon plumbing system is controlled by deep tectonic structures.•Both cross-stratal and stratal pathways supply gas to the hydrate stability zone.•The origin of the hydrate-forming gas is interpreted to be thermogenic.•The gas hydrate reservoir is composed of nannofossil and foraminifera-rich oozes.
Abstract
Background
The treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) or angiotensin receptor II blocker (ARB), beta blocker (BB), and aldosterone antagonist (AA), adherence and ...persistence to therapies, improve clinical status, prevent hospital admission and reduce mortality in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF).
Purpose
To analyze adherence and persistence to indicated therapies.
Methods
We analyzed, from the Lombardy healthcare system administrative database, the discharge forms of patients with HF-related diagnosis, recorded from 2000 to 2012. We evaluated the adherence using the proportion of days covered (PDC≥80%) method, adjusted for hospitalisations. Medication persistence was identified as a duration of time from initiation to discontinuation of therapy. Patient was considered non-persistent if does non-refill medication within a period of 30 days.
Results
We considered 100,784 HF patients, mean (SD) age 74.54 (11.73) years: of them 636 patients were lost from database, 71,166 were alive (71.06%) and 28,982 did not survive (28.94%) at the end of the study. The mean (SD) number of hospitalizations were 2.16 (1.48) per patient (217,422 in total) and drug prescriptions were 12.28 (7.56) per patient (1,237.784 in total). 77% of patients were treated with ACEI/ARB, 64% with BB and 37% with AA. In the table, we reported the results on adherence and persistence measures.
Prescribed Therapy
Total pts, No (%)
Days covered, mean (SD)
Adherent pts, No (%)
Persistent pts, No (%)
PDC (%), mean (SD)
ACEI/ARB+BB+AA
20,831 (21%)
148 (102)
2,649 (13%)
2,068 (10%)
41 (28)
ACEI/ARB+BB
33,617 (33%)
237 (110)
14,528 (43%)
11,165 (33%)
65 (30)
ACEI/ARB+AA
9,327 (9%)
157 (107)
1,469 (16%)
1,149 (12%)
43 (29)
AA+BB
3,070 (3%)
166 (105)
518 (17%)
386 (13%)
45 (29)
ACEI/ARB
23,398 (23%)
270 (103)
13,487 (58%)
10,882 (47%)
74 (28)
BB
6,806 (7%)
259 (105)
3,567 (52%)
2,782 (41%)
71 (29)
AA
3,735 (4%)
204 (113)
1,133 (30%)
922 (25%)
56 (31)
pts, patients.
Conclusions
Findings of this database analysis suggests that while treatment with ACEI/ARB and BB is in line of European Guideline, treatment with AA is very low. Despite recommendations, treatment with a combination of two or three HF drug classes decreases further. Adherence and persistence were moderate across all HF therapies of interest, although around 70% for ACEIs, BBs alone and in combination. This analysis evidences the need to understand the reasons for a limited use of the therapeutic guidelines and the need for much more work to improve adherence and persistence to therapy in CHF patients.
Over the last years, interest in using time-of-flight-based Positron Emission Tomography (TOF-PET) systems has significantly increased. High time resolution in such PET systems is a powerful tool to ...improve signal to noise ratio and therefore to allow smaller exposure rates for patients as well as faster image acquisition. Improvement in coincidence time resolution (CTR) in PET systems to the level of 200 ps FWHM requires the optimization of all parameters in the photon detection chain influencing the time resolution: crystal, photodetector and readout electronics. After reviewing the factors affecting the time resolution of scintillators, we will present in this paper the light yield and CTR obtained for different scintillator types (LSO:Ce, LYSO:Ce, LGSO:Ce, LSO:Ce:0.4Ca, LuAG:Ce, LuAG:Pr) with different cross-sections, lengths and reflectors. Whereas light yield measurements were made with a classical PMT, all CTR tests were performed with Hamamatsu-MPPCs S10931-050P. The CTR measurements were based on the time-over-threshold method in a coincidence setup using the ultra fast amplifier-discriminator chip NINO and a fast oscilloscope. Strong correlations between light yield and CTR were found. Excellent results have been obtained for LYSO crystals of 2 × 2 × 10 mm 3 and LYSO pixels of 0.75 × 0.75 × 10 mm 3 with a CTR of 175 ps and 188 ps FWHM, respectively.
The Statistical Toolkit is an open source system specialized in the statistical comparison of distributions. It addresses requirements common to different experimental domains, such as simulation ...validation (e.g. comparison of experimental and simulated distributions), regression testing in the course of the software development process, and detector performance monitoring. Various sets of statistical tests have been added to the existing collection to deal with the one sample problem (i.e. the comparison between the data distribution and a known one, including tests for normality, categorical analysis and the estimate of randomness). Improved algorithms and software design contribute to the robustness of the results. A simple user layer dealing with primitive data types facilitates the use of the toolkit both in standalone analyses and in large scale experiments.
The CMS electromagnetic calorimeter Paganoni, Marco
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
12/2004, Letnik:
535, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The CMS electromagnetic calorimeter is a very challenging detector which aims at providing high precision calorimetry in the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) environment. It consists of about 75,000
PbWO
...4
crystals that have to operate reliably for at least 10 years, in a high radiation environment. The readout electronics must sustain high data rates. In the last year new radiation hard readout electronics and a new cooling system were adopted and successfully tested. A large effort was also devoted to test the first modules performance in an electron beam, to validate the monitoring system and the calibration strategy. With more than one-third of the barrel modules produced, the calorimeter is well into its construction phase. An overview of the calorimeter design and of its construction status will be given, as well as the predicted performance at the LHC.
The DELPHI Trigger System at LEP2 energies Augustinus, A.; Canale, V.; Charpentier, P. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
12/2003, Letnik:
515, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
In this paper we describe the modifications carried out on the DELPHI trigger complex since the beginning of the high-energy runs of LEP. The descriptions of the trigger configurations and ...performances for the 2000 data taking period are also presented.
A cluster of multi-anode photomultiplier tubes (MaPMTs) equipped with focusing lenses in front of the tubes was tested in a prototype ring imaging Cherenkov (RICH) detector in a charged particle ...beam. The readout electronics were capable of capturing the data at 40
MHz. The effects due to charged particles and magnetic field on the MaPMT performance were also studied. The results are used to evaluate the MaPMT as a possible photodetector for the LHCb RICH detectors.
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