La física de Tarkovski Bordas, Pol
Compas d'amalgama (Internet),
09/2022
6
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Després d’una breu nota sobre la situació política actual en el conflicte entre Rússia i Ucraïna, proposem una anàlisi de la física present en l’obra del director i teòric del cinema Andrei ...Tarkovski, en concret en la seva obra Solaris, basada en la novel·la homònima de Stanisław Lem. Ens centrem en l’incisiu punt de vista que hi exposa sobre els límits del mètode científic aplicat a la cerca d’altres formes de vida a la nostra galàxia. Les aportacions de Solaris en aquest camp són plenament vigents, atès el ràpid desenvolupament que les ciències del’espai estan vivint actualment, en particular la descoberta de nombrosos exoplanetes en els darrers anys. Així mateix, Solaris ofereix una perspectiva complementària d’algunes de les qüestions filosòfiques i científiques més antigues de la humanitat, també abordades en l’àmbit matemàtic i estadístic per físics com Enrico Fermi, Carl Sagan o Frank Drake: «Estemsols a l’Univers?»; o potser amb més precisió: «Per què estem sols a l’Univers?». Paraules clau: Andrei Tarkovski, Solaris, vida extraterrestre, equació de Drake, paradoxa de Fermi.
Telaprevir for retreatment of HCV infection Zeuzem, Stefan; Andreone, Pietro; Pol, Stanislas ...
The New England journal of medicine,
06/2011, Letnik:
364, Številka:
25
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Up to 60% of patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1 infection do not have a sustained virologic response to therapy with peginterferon alfa plus ribavirin.
In this randomized, phase 3 ...trial, we evaluated the addition of telaprevir to peginterferon alfa-2a plus ribavirin in patients with HCV genotype 1 infection who had no response or a partial response to previous therapy or who had a relapse after an initial response. A total of 663 patients were assigned to one of three groups: the T12PR48 group, which received telaprevir for 12 weeks and peginterferon plus ribavirin for a total of 48 weeks; the lead-in T12PR48 group, which received 4 weeks of peginterferon plus ribavirin followed by 12 weeks of telaprevir and peginterferon plus ribavirin for a total of 48 weeks; and the control group (PR48), which received peginterferon plus ribavirin for 48 weeks. The primary end point was the rate of sustained virologic response, which was defined as undetectable HCV RNA 24 weeks after the last planned dose of a study drug.
Rates of sustained virologic response were significantly higher in the two telaprevir groups than in the control group among patients who had a previous relapse (83% in the T12PR48 group, 88% in the lead-in T12PR48 group, and 24% in the PR48 group), a partial response (59%, 54%, and 15%, respectively), and no response (29%, 33%, and 5%, respectively) (P<0.001 for all comparisons). Grade 3 adverse events (mainly anemia, neutropenia, and leukopenia) were more frequent in the telaprevir groups than in the control group (37% vs. 22%).
Telaprevir combined with peginterferon plus ribavirin significantly improved rates of sustained virologic response in patients with previously treated HCV infection, regardless of whether there was a lead-in phase. (Funded by Tibotec and Vertex Pharmaceuticals; REALIZE ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00703118.).
Purpose:
Octogenarians are known to have less-favorable outcomes following ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (rAAA) repair compared with their younger counterparts. Accurate information regarding ...perioperative outcomes following rAAA-repair is important to evaluate current treatment practice. The aim of this study was to evaluate perioperative outcomes of octogenarians and to identify factors associated with mortality and major complications after open surgical repair (OSR) or endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) of a rAAA using nationwide, real-world, contemporary data.
Methods:
All patients that underwent EVAR or OSR of an infrarenal or juxtarenal rAAA between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2018, were prospectively registered in the Dutch Surgical Aneurysm Audit (DSAA) and included in this study. The primary outcome was the comparison of perioperative outcomes of octogenarians versus non-octogenarians, including adjustment for confounders. Secondary outcomes were the identification of factors associated with mortality and major complications in octogenarians.
Results:
The study included 2879 patients, of which 1146 were treated by EVAR (382 octogenarians, 33%) and 1733 were treated by OSR (410 octogenarians, 24%). Perioperative mortality of octogenarians following EVAR was 37.2% versus 14.8% in non-octogenarians (adjusted OR=2.9, 95% CI=2.8–3.0) and 50.0% versus 29.4% following OSR (adjusted OR=2.2, 95% CI=2.2–2.3). Major complication rates of octogenarians were 55.4% versus 31.8% in non-octogenarians following EVAR (OR=2.7, 95% CI=2.1–3.4), and 68% versus 49% following OSR (OR=2.2, 95% CI=1.8–2.8). Following EVAR, 30.6% of the octogenarians had an uncomplicated perioperative course (UPC) versus 49.5% in non-octogenarians (OR=0.5, 95% CI=0.4–0.6), while following OSR, UPC rates were 20.7% in octogenarians versus 32.6% in non-octogenarians (OR=0.5, 95% CI=0.4–0.7). Cardiac or pulmonary comorbidity and loss of consciousness were associated with mortality and major complications in octogenarians. Interestingly, female octogenarians had lower mortality rates following EVAR than male octogenarians (adjusted OR=0.7, 95% CI=0.6–0.8).
Conclusion:
Based on this nationwide study with real-world registry data, mortality rates of octogenarians following ruptured AAA-repair were high, especially after OSR. However, a substantial proportion of these octogenarians following OSR and EVAR had an uneventful recovery. Known preoperative factors do influence perioperative outcomes and reflect current treatment practice.
En este trabajo, trato de analizar las diferentes estrategias que adoptaron tanto la administración de José Ballivián (1841-1847) como los grupos dirigentes locales frente al auge económico del guano ...y la cascarilla en Bolivia de forma comparativa. Para eso, expongo el corpus legal creado por el Estado central en consecuencia, las contratas firmadas por este con empresas extranjeras para la exportación de sendos recursos y las respuestas articuladas por la localidad, siendo el contrabando la más destacada. Considero que la firma de las contratas monopolísticas fue rechazada por parte de la población local, que a través de la ilegalidad propuso otro modelo político y económico para el trato con el guano y la cascarilla y, en definitiva, expuso la existencia de otras vías de construcción del Estado en el siglo XIX latinoamericano.
The crossreactivity of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 3A EBNA3A)-specific CD8 T cells against allogeneic human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B*44:02 has been shown to be ...dependent on presentation of self-peptide EEYLQAFTY by the target antigen. In this study, we report that allogeneic HLA-B*44:02 proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) are poor targets for EBV EBNA3A-specific T cells.
The EEY peptide was exogenously loaded onto HLA-B*44:02 and HLA-B*44:03-expressing PTECs and HUVECs. EEY-peptide-loaded, and unloaded, PTECs and HUVECs were then incubated with serial dilutions of our EBNA3A T-cell clone, in a cytotoxicity assay.
Although HLA-B*44:02-expressing PTECs were specifically lysed in proportion to the effector/target ratio by the EBNA3A T-cell clone, without peptide loading, lysis was greatly increased by exogenous EEY peptide loading (15% vs. 75%; P<0.0001). HLA-B*44:02-expressing HUVECs were only lysed when loaded with exogenous EEY peptide (0% vs. 64%; P<0.0001). Lack of HLA expression and lack of ABCD3 gene expression were excluded as a cause for these results. PTECs and HUVECs were specifically targeted by another alloreactive T-cell clone without exogenous peptide loading, suggesting that the lack of recognition of HLA-B*44:02 epithelial and endothelial cells by the EBV EBNA3A T-cell clone was due to lack of EEYLQAFTY peptide presentation.
Tissue-specific (peptide dependent) alloreactivity may have important implications for transplantation monitoring and rejection.
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