Cutaneous Melanocytic Tumor with CRTC1::TRIM11 Fusion (CMTCT) represents a novel and rare entity in the realm of dermatological oncology, characterized by distinct melanocytic differentiation. This ...particular tumor type has yet to be officially recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO). CMTCT is generally perceived as a tumor with a relatively indolent nature; however, it is not devoid of metastatic potential. Therefore, ensuring complete surgical excision of the tumor, coupled with rigorous long-term follow-up, is paramount for patient management. In this context, we report the case of an 18-year-old female patient who presented with a dull red nodule on her left leg. Initial surgical intervention led to a pathological diagnosis of CMTCT, but it was determined that the tumor had not been fully excised. Consequently, a second surgical procedure was undertaken to achieve complete removal of the tumor. During a follow-up period of six months post-surgery, the patient showed no signs of local recurrence or metastasis, indicating a successful outcome.
An 18-year-old female patient noticed a dull red nodule on her left leg three years ago, which exhibited slow growth over time. She underwent a subcutaneous tumor resection. Histological examination under high-power magnification revealed that the neoplasm consisted of epithelioid cells arranged in nests, fascicles, bundles, or sheets. The tumor cells had round or ovoid nuclei with prominent nucleoli and visible mitotic figures. Notably, areas resembling nevus cell clusters were observed. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed melanocytic differentiation. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) identified a CRTC1::TRIM11 fusion, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for CRTC1 confirmed rearrangement. Consequently, a diagnosis of cutaneous melanocytic tumor with CRTC1::TRIM11 fusion was established.
CMTCT is a rare tumor characterized by melanocytic differentiation. In this case, the tumor predominantly comprised epithelioid cells with localized nevus cell clusters. The expression of melanocyte markers could easily lead to a misdiagnosis as cutaneous melanoma. However, several distinguishing features were noted: the tumor was not connected to the epidermis, exhibited low cellular heterogeneity and proliferation index, and showed minimal cellular atypia. Additionally, tests for EWSR1 rearrangement (FISH) and BRAF V600E mutation (PCR-ARMS) were negative.This case underscores the importance of a comprehensive diagnostic approach when clinical, microscopic, immunohistochemical, and molecular findings do not align. The presence of nevus cell clusters morphology in the tumor cells enhances our understanding of this disease's histological spectrum and aids in avoiding misdiagnosis or missed diagnosis.
Limited cellular uptake and inefficient intracellular drug release severely hamper the landscape of polymer drug nanocarriers in cancer chemotherapy. Herein, to address these urgent challenges in ...tumor treatment simultaneously, we integrated the multivalent choline phosphate (CP) and bioreducible linker into a single polymer chain, designed and synthesized a neoteric bioreducible polymer nanocarrier. The excellent hydrophility of these zwitterionic CP groups endowed high drug loading content and drug loading efficiency of doxorubicin to this drug delivery system (∼22.1 wt %, ∼95.9%). Meanwhile, we found that the multivalent choline phosphate can effectively enhance the internalization efficiency of this drug-loaded nanocarrier over few seconds, and the degree of improvement depended on the CP density in a single polymer chain. In addition, after these nanocarriers entered into the tumor cells, the accelerated cleavage of bioreducible linker made it possible for more cargo escape from the delivery system to cytoplasm to exert their cytostatic effects more efficiently. The enhanced therapeutic efficacy in various cell lines indicated the great potential of this system in anticancer drug delivery applications.
A steam ejector uses high-pressure vapor as the power for operating in steam cycles. The ejector geometry and pressure of the motive flow significantly influence its performance. Here, a steam ...ejector used in a distilled water preparation system for medical injection was numerically studied to improve its performance under insufficient motive source, in the meantime, to guarantee its high efficiency under the designed motive pressure of 6.0 bar. Owing to the temporary insufficiency of the motive pressure of around 4.5 bar in a specific time period, the most convenient and inexpensive approach was to fine-tune the primary nozzle and replace it with no further changes in the ejector structure. Fifteen streamline nozzle profiles were established and the performance effect of the different structures is discussed. The entrainment ratio of the ejector with a streamlined nozzle could reach up to 19.79% and 8.04% higher than the original one under the motive pressures of 4.5 and 5.5 bar, respectively. In addition, their performance was similar under a designed motive pressure of 6.0 bar. The proposed ejector extends the high efficiency operating range of the on-site steam ejector and the results may contribute to the streamline ejector design.
Abstract
Context
Unlike other commonly used invasive blood glucose–monitoring methods, saliva detection prevents patients from suffering physical uneasiness. However, there are few studies on saliva ...1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM).
Objective
This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of saliva 1,5-AG in diabetes screening in a Chinese population.
Design and Participants
This was a population-based cross-sectional study. A total of 641 subjects without a valid diabetic history were recruited from September 2018 to June 2019. Saliva 1,5-AG was measured with liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry.
Main outcome measures
DM was defined per American Diabetes Association criteria. The efficiency of saliva 1,5-AG for diabetes screening was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic curves, and the optimal cutoff point was determined according to the Youden index.
Results
Saliva 1,5-AG levels in subjects with DM were lower than those in subjects who did not have DM (both P < .05). Saliva 1,5-AG was positively correlated with serum 1,5-AG and negatively correlated with blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (all P < .05). The optimal cutoff points of saliva 1,5-AG0 and 1,5-AG120 for diabetes screening were 0.436 μg/mL (sensitivity: 63.58%, specificity: 60.61%) and 0.438 μg/mL (sensitivity: 62.25%, specificity: 60.41%), respectively. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) combined with fasting saliva 1,5-AG reduced the proportion of people who required an oral glucose tolerance test by 47.22% compared with FPG alone.
Conclusion
Saliva 1,5-AG combined with FPG or HbA1c improved the efficiency of diabetes screening. Saliva 1,5-AG is robust in nonfasting measurements and a noninvasive and convenient tool for diabetes screening.
The risk of cardiovascular diseases has rapidly increased among middle-aged and elderly. However, little is known about the relationship of body composition changes with the risk of cardiovascular ...events among this population in China. We explored the associations of 2-year changes in fat percentage (fat%) and fat-free mass percentage (FFM%) with subsequent cardiovascular events in a middle-aged and elderly community-based cohort.
This study included 1048 participants (456 men 43.51%, aged 50-80 years) without overt cardiovascular disease, who underwent two examinations during 2013-2014 and 2015-2016. All participants were followed up until 2022 for cardiovascular events. A bioelectrical impedance analyzer was used to calculate fat% and FFM% change.
At baseline, the median body mass index (BMI), fat%, and FFM% were 23.9 (22.1-25.9) kg/m
, 27.2 (20.8-33.6)%, and 72.8 (66.4-79.2)%, respectively. Two-year changes in fat% and FFM% were 0.31 (- 5.53 to 6.87)% and - 0.12 (- 2.36 to 2.06)%. During an average follow-up of 5.5 years, 86 cardiovascular events (8.21%) occurred. Cox regression models showed that hazard ratios (HRs) of every 2% change in fat% and FFM% for cardiovascular events were 1.04 (95% confidence interval CI 1.01-1.07) and 0.84 (95% CI 0.74-0.95), respectively. Compared with participants with stable fat% (-2% ≤ ⊿fat% < 2%), those with fat% gain ≥ 2% had an increased risk of cardiovascular events (HR 2.07, 95% CI 1.08-3.97). FFM% loss > 8% was associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular events (HR 3.83, 95% CI 1.29-11.4).
In a middle-aged and elderly community-based Chinese population, fat% gain or FFM% loss was associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events.
Crohn's Disease (CD) is caused by a loss of the regulatory capacity of the immune apparatus. Nod2 is an intracellular bacterial sensor and its mutations are associated with the development of CD. ...Here we summarize recent and controversial findings about the role of the Nod2 mutants in the disease process.
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► Sophorolipids (SLs) were produced by Wickerhamiella domercqiae. ► Six SL molecules with different structures were prepared and identified. ► Surface and biological activity of ...different SL molecules were compared. ► The different SL molecules showed distinct surface and biological activity. ► Some explanations were given for the influence of structures on activities.
This work investigated the surface and biological activity of lactonic and acidic sophorolipid (SL) molecules differing in the acetylation degree of sophorose, carbon chain length and unsaturation degree of the fatty acid moiety. Six different SL molecules were prepared from crude SLs produced by Wickerhamiella domercqiae var. sophorolipid CGMCC 1576. The structures of the selected SL molecules were elucidated by MS and GC/MS. The surface properties of SLs including critical micelle concentration (CMC), minimum surface tension (Min. S.T.) and emulsification capacity to hydrocarbon and vegetable oils were studied, and the results demonstrated that SL molecules with different structures exhibited quite different surface properties. Cytotoxicities of different SL molecules to Chang liver cells determined by the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethythiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) method showed the effect of chemical structure of the SLs on their biological activities. Biodegradability of these SL molecules was tested using the river-water die-away method. The differences of surface and biological activity in different SL molecules will be of benefit for the applications of these SLs in specific fields such as the detergent, petroleum, pharmaceutical and environment industries.
Background Sophorolipids (SLs) obtained from yeast broth are mixtures of many sophorolipid molecules with different structures, and have attracted more attention since they were found to have good ...antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and anti-HIV activities. We investigated the effects of sophorolipid molecules with different structures on human esophageal cancer cells in the present work. Materials and Methods Ten sophorolipid (SL) molecules were separated and purified from the sophorolipids mixture using preparative HPLC, and their structures were identified by MS analyses. The effects of sophorolipid molecules with different structures on two human esophageal cancer cell lines, KYSE 109 and KYSE 450, were investigated by MTT assay. Results The structures of the 10 sophorolipid molecules differ in acetylation degree of sophorose, unsaturation degree of hydroxyl fatty acid, and lactonization or ring opening. The results demonstrated that the inhibition of diacetylated lactonic sophorolipid on two esophageal cancer cells (total inhibition at 30 μg/mL concentration) was stronger than that of monoacetylated lactonic sophorolipid (totally inhibition at 60 μg/mL concentration). Difference of unsaturation degree of hydroxyl fatty acid in SL molecules also had obvious influence on their cytotoxicity to esophageal cancer cells. The sophorolipid with one double bond in fatty acid part had the strongest cytotoxic effect on two esophageal cancer cells (total inhibition at 30 μg/mL concentration). Acidic sophorolipid showed hardly any anticancer activity against esophageal cancer cells. Conclusions In this study, the relationship of anticancer activities of natural sophorolipid molecules and the differences in their structures was revealed, which probably further reveals the mechanism of SL bioactivities and will be helpful in the modification of SL structures to obtain more novel SLs with excellent bioactivities.
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