Prescripción de paroxetina en adolescentes Colombianos Machado-Duque, Manuel Enrique; Giraldo-Giraldo, Claudia; Machado Alba, Jorge Enrique
Revista de salud pública (Bogotá, Colombia),
04/2018, Letnik:
20, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Objetivo Determinar la frecuencia de uso de paroxetina en pacientes adolescentes menores de 20 años afiliados al sistema de salud colombiano.Métodos Estudio de corte transversal, a partir de una base ...de datos poblacional de personas afiliadas al Sistema General de Seguridad Social en Colombia entre primero de enero 2011 y 31 diciembre 2015 buscando los pacientes menores de 20 años que hubiesen recibido cualquier presentación de paroxetina. Para el análisis de datos se establecieron frecuencias y proporciones.Resultados Se hallaron 777 sujetos prescritos con paroxetina durante los cinco años de evaluación, con edad promedio de 53,8±16, dos años Solo 36 pacientes menores de 20 años lo recibían, especialmente hombres (n=24; 64,8%) con edad media de 17,7±1,8 años. La mayoría estaban siendo tratados en la ciudad de Bogotá (58,3%), seguidos de Medellín (16,7%) y Cartagena (8,3%).Conclusiones Una baja proporción de adolescentes están recibiendo paroxetina en Colombia lo que reduce el riesgo que puede representar este fármaco para ellos.
We follow the formation and evolution of bars in N-body simulations of disc galaxies with gas and/or a triaxial halo. We find that both the relative gas fraction and the halo shape play a major role ...in the formation and evolution of the bar. In gas-rich simulations, the disc stays near-axisymmetric much longer than in gas-poor ones, and, when the bar starts growing, it does so at a much slower rate. Because of these two effects combined, large-scale bars form much later in gas-rich than in gas-poor discs. This can explain the observation that bars are in place earlier in massive red disc galaxies than in blue spirals. We also find that the morphological characteristics in the bar region are strongly influenced by the gas fraction. In particular, the bar at the end of the simulation is much weaker in gas-rich cases. The quality of our simulations is such as to allow us to discuss the question of bar longevity because the resonances are well resolved and the number of gas particles is sufficient to describe the gas flow adequately. In no case did we find a bar which was destroyed.
Halo triaxiality has a dual influence on bar strength. In the very early stages of the simulation it induces bar formation to start earlier. On the other hand, during the later, secular evolution phase, triaxial haloes lead to considerably less increase of the bar strength than spherical ones. The shape of the halo evolves considerably with time. We confirm previous results of gas-less simulations that find that the inner part of an initially spherical halo can become elongated and develop a halo bar. However we also show that, on the contrary, in gas-rich simulations, the inner parts of an initially triaxial halo can become rounder with time. The main body of initially triaxial haloes evolves towards sphericity, but in initially strongly triaxial cases it stops well short of becoming spherical. Part of the angular momentum absorbed by the halo generates considerable rotation of the halo particles that stay located relatively near the disc for long periods of time. Another part generates halo bulk rotation, which, contrary to that of the bar, increases with time but stays small. Thus, in our models there are two non-axisymmetric components rotating with different pattern speeds, namely the halo and the bar, so that the resulting dynamics have strong similarities to the dynamics of double bar systems.
Objetivo Realizar la notificación y verificar el seguimiento de cinco alertas sanitarias de medicamentos a un grupo de prestadores de salud en Colombia.Métodos Estudio cuasi-experimental, ...prospectivo, antes y después, sin grupo control, mediante una intervención en médicos prescriptores de ketoconazol, metoclopramida, nimesulida, diacereina, ranelato de estroncio. Se tomó como población universo a los afiliados al régimen contributivo del Sistema de Salud Colombiano en 13 entidades promotoras de salud (EPS) de Colombia. Se identificaron los pacientes que recibían mensualmente estos medicamentos previamente a la alerta. Se realizó una intervención educativa y posteriormente se midió la proporción de cambio en la dispensación.Resultados Se realizaron en total unas 26 actividades diferentes a 500 médicos prescriptores. De un total de 4 121 954 de personas se identificaron 13 979 pacientes mensuales en 2013 que recibían alguno de los cinco medicamentos y se observó una reducción en 1 470 sujetos al mes (-10,5%) para 2014. El medicamento con el que se consiguió la mayor reducción fue ketoconazol (-31,1% de casos), seguido de ranelato de estroncio (-30,3%) y metoclopramida (-8,6%). Para nimesulida (+0,7%) y diacereina (+16,4%) no se obtuvieron resultados favorables.Conclusiones Se mantienen prescripciones potencialmente riesgosas en pacientes de Colombia. Con intervenciones basadas en farmacovigilancia posterior al reporte de alertas por agencias reguladoras sanitarias, se puede disminuir la proporción de pacientes que utilizan estos medicamentos.
Objective
There is some evidence that clozapine is significantly underutilised. Also, clozapine use is thought to vary by country, but so far no international study has assessed trends in clozapine ...prescribing. Therefore, this study aimed to assess clozapine use trends on an international scale, using standardised criteria for data analysis.
Method
A repeated cross‐sectional design was applied to data extracts (2005–2014) from 17 countries worldwide.
Results
In 2014, overall clozapine use prevalence was greatest in Finland (189.2/100 000 persons) and in New Zealand (116.3/100 000), and lowest in the Japanese cohort (0.6/100 000), and in the privately insured US cohort (14.0/100 000). From 2005 to 2014, clozapine use increased in almost all studied countries (relative increase: 7.8–197.2%). In most countries, clozapine use was highest in 40–59‐year‐olds (range: 0.6/100 000 (Japan) to 344.8/100 000 (Finland)). In youths (10–19 years), clozapine use was highest in Finland (24.7/100 000) and in the publicly insured US cohort (15.5/100 000).
Conclusion
While clozapine use has increased in most studied countries over recent years, clozapine is still underutilised in many countries, with clozapine utilisation patterns differing significantly between countries. Future research should address the implementation of interventions designed to facilitate increased clozapine utilisation.
O presente artigo discute as mudanças no ensino superior brasileiro a partir do contexto da crise estrutural do capital. Assim, buscamos relacionar como o desenvolvimento do sistema capitalista e as ...mudanças socioprodutivas atingem a educação brasileira e o ensino superior. A metodologia da pesquisa é de cunho bibliográfico-documental. Concluímos que o crescimento do setor privado no ensino superior possui uma estreita relação com as políticas econômicas adotadas nos países periféricos. Serviços essenciais como de saúde e educação passam pela privatização, atingindo a população não somente por essa via, mas também pela negação do acesso às instituições públicas de ensino superior e às áreas de conhecimento da universidade baseadas no tripé ensino, pesquisa e extensão.
The objective of this study was to assess international trends in antipsychotic use, using a standardised methodology. A repeated cross-sectional design was applied to data extracts from the years ...2005 to 2014 from 16 countries worldwide. During the study period, the overall prevalence of antipsychotic use increased in 10 of the 16 studied countries. In 2014, the overall prevalence of antipsychotic use was highest in Taiwan (78.2/1000 persons), and lowest in Colombia (3.2/1000). In children and adolescents (0–19 years), antipsychotic use ranged from 0.5/1000 (Lithuania) to 30.8/1000 (Taiwan). In adults (20–64 years), the range was 2.8/1000 (Colombia) to 78.9/1000 (publicly insured US population), and in older adults (65+ years), antipsychotic use ranged from 19.0/1000 (Colombia) to 149.0/1000 (Taiwan). Atypical antipsychotic use increased in all populations (range of atypical/typical ratio: 0.7 (Taiwan) to 6.1 (New Zealand, Australia)). Quetiapine, risperidone, and olanzapine were most frequently prescribed. Prevalence and patterns of antipsychotic use varied markedly between countries. In the majority of populations, antipsychotic utilisation and especially the use of atypical antipsychotics increased over time. The high rates of antipsychotic prescriptions in older adults and in youths in some countries merit further investigation and systematic pharmacoepidemiologic monitoring.
The past fifteen years have been a rich developing field for Microbiologically Induced Calcite Precipitation (MICP) as an alternative to decrease the hydraulic conductivity of sandy soils or ...fractured rocks through biocementation formation. While significant development happened, the field still lacks a viable answer for the use of MICP for organic soil stabilization. Sandy soils or fractured rocks have a completely different structure and mechanical behavior than organic soils, which can impact the behavior of biological components and MICP microorganisms. This factor per se changes all the research perspective and demand adaptations different than the ones used for sandy soil or fractured rocks. In the search for answers, this article compiles an extensive and systematic literature review with papers and books from platforms like Academic Search Premier, Web of Science, Google Scholar, 1Search and Gale Virtual -Reference Library, having the selection based on defined parameters and criteria. Focusing on how MICP is a potential solution for unsealed road stabilization, this article discussed the main gaps and constraints that could explain why biocementation still needs extensive research under different perspectives and scenarios. The results suggested that the majority of investigations are at a similar stage of limitation: how to guarantee an evenly spread of biocementation into organic soil at large extensions. The discussion here provided some insights and pieces that can enrich future researches, support the expansion of the development, and improve the understanding of the biocementation process into organic soils and its use for unsealed road stabilization.
•Microbiological-Induced Calcite Precipitation gaps and constraints on unsealed road.•Biocementation can solve erosion problems but need more research.•Microbiology of biocementation on organic soil still have many constraints.•Literature & critical review plus state of art of biocimentation for roads.
Aqueous multiphase systems (AMPS) were formed by mixtures of three or more incompatible water-soluble macromolecules. Droplets formed by different phases in the water-in-water emulsions were found to ...associate and their morphology was studied using confocal laser scanning microscopy. By analyzing the angles between different associated phases it was possible to determine the relative interfacial tensions between phases with respect to each other. In this manner, the relative interfacial tension of 15 different pairs of polymers solutions was determined. The effect of the total polymer concentration on the relative interfacial tensions was found to be small as long as mixing of the polymers in the phases was small. The effect of adding protein microgels was studied for systems where they adsorb at the interface between the phases. It is shown that protein microgels can in some cases stabilize associated droplets in suspension.
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