There is paucity of information on epidemiological situation of Tuberculosis (TB) in Andhra Pradesh. The DOTS strategy under the Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP) was introduced ...in the year 2000 to cover the entire State by 2005.
To estimate the prevalence of tuberculous infection among children 5-9 years of age and to compute the average Annual Risk of Tuberculosis Infection (ARTI) from the estimated prevalence.
A cluster-sample house-based tuberculin survey was carried out in a representative sample of children between 5-9 years of age. The clusters were selected by a two-stage sampling procedure. At first stage, five districts were selected by probability proportional to population size (PPS) method. Depending upon child population ratio, 32 clusters allocated to each district were further sub-divided into rural and urban clusters selected by simple random sampling. A total of 3636 children, irrespective of their BCG scar status, were tuberculin tested using one TU PPD RT23 with Tween 80 and the maximum transverse diameter of induration was measured about 72 hours later.
The prevalence of infection estimated by mirror-image technique using observed mode of reactions attributable to infection with tubercle bacilli at 20mm was 9.6% (95% CI: 8.0-11.2). The ARTI was computed at 1.4% (95% CI: 1.1-1.6).
Survey findings indicate a fairly high rate of transmission of tubercle bacilli.
Objectives In the pursuit of developing a second-generation oxazolidinone, we have identified OCID0050 as a novel oxazolidinone with enhanced activity against bacterial strains resistant to ...methicillin, vancomycin and linezolid. Methods MIC and MBC determinations were performed according to CLSI guidelines. Linezolid-resistant bacterial strains were generated in-house; inoculum effect, pH effect and kill kinetics experiments were performed as per standard protocols. Results and conclusions OCID0050 demonstrated better inhibitory potency against many of the tested clinically significant strains by generally showing 2–4-fold lower MICs than linezolid. In addition, it has higher inhibitory activity against linezolid-resistant strains.
This extensive study explores the wide range of Internet of Things (IoT) applications in the areas of remote patient monitoring, chronic disease management, and smart healthcare infrastructure. The ...review examines the changing role of IoT technology in revolutionizing healthcare paradigms and enhancing patient outcomes. The remote patient monitoring area explores the incorporation of wearable devices and sensors to track health parameters in real-time, promoting continuous and proactive healthcare management. The study investigates the utilization of Internet of Things (IoT) solutions, such as intelligent drug dispensers and interconnected inhalers, to improve adherence to treatment and maximize therapeutic interventions in the management of chronic diseases. The research delves into the advancement of intelligent healthcare infrastructure by integrating hospital equipment and leveraging IoT technology to optimize healthcare workflows. The focus is on the integration of data analytics, machine learning, and artificial intelligence to extract practical insights from the data produced by IoT-enabled healthcare systems.
A significant suppression (33.9–66.5%) in the micronuclei formation induced by benzo(
a)pyrene and cyclophosphamide was reduced following oral administration of piperine at doses of 25, 50 and 75 ...mg/kg in mice.
Craniofacial defects (CFA) are a diverse group of deformities in the skull and facial bones. The cause is multifactorial though genes, food and environmental factors are the major causes. Cleft lip ...and palate is the most common congenital craniofacial defect. The objective of this work is to develop a three dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) model of human skull with complete unilateral cleft lip, alveolus and palate anomaly for clinical studies. The computed tomography (CT) images was used to construct the 3D-FE model of the human skull with the craniofacial defect. The model is constructed using image processing software MIMICS and analysis was done in ANSYS. These 3D models can then be used for a variety of engineering applications and surgery planning. The complete left sided unilateral cleft lip, alveolus and palate with all the features and 3D-FE analysis was done. The load of 250N is given on each side along the two molar regions. The preliminary results reveal that cleft halve experiences more displacement comparatively to normal halve, this proves that cleft halve is prone to deformation and complications.
Microplastics are causing serious environmental threats worldwide. To evaluate the current state of microplastics pollution, 28 sediment samples were examined for microplastics and plastic debris ...contamination along Silver Beach, Southern India. Visual identification followed by FT-IR spectroscopy was used to estimate the overall distribution and characterization of plastic debris. The results reveal that white-colored (44%) and irregularly-shaped (82%) plastics are prevalent in the study area. Moreover, the dominant polymer in the study area is polyvinyl chloride (79%) followed by polyethylene (14%) and nylon (7%). Based on size fractions, mesoplastics are widely distributed in the beach sediments (65%), followed by microplastics (18%) and macroplastics (17%). The regional sources of plastic debris are tourism and fishing activities followed by storm water runoff through the Gadilam river and wave-induced deposition through high tides. Strict policy measures need to be implemented in recreational beaches like Silver beach to reduce plastic pollution.
•Plastic debris contamination was assessed along Silver Beach, Southern India.•Fragmented and irregular shaped plastic particles are dominant in the study area.•Terrestrial and marine sources influence the distribution of plastic particles.•FTIR reveals polyvinylchloride as the dominant polymer type in the study area.
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