Few studies have examined the factors explaining the variability in fat and carbohydrate intake during infancy. We aimed to describe infants' fat and carbohydrate intake and analyse the associations ...with infant and maternal characteristics and feeding practices.
This study included 1275 infants aged 8 months from the French EDEN mother-child cohort. Carbohydrate intake, fat intake, added fat (vegetable oils and animal fats) and added sugar (honey, white sugar, brown sugar, jam and sweetened beverages) consumption were calculated at 8 and 12 months. Associations between these variables and infant and maternal characteristics as well as maternal dietary patterns during pregnancy, breast-feeding duration and age at complementary feeding introduction were analysed using multivariable linear and logistic regressions.
Less than 5% of non-breast-fed infants reached the recommendation of consuming at least 40% of total energy from fat, whereas more than 95% of them reached 45% of energy from carbohydrates. Overall, infant and maternal characteristics and maternal diet during pregnancy were marginally associated with both carbohydrate/added sugar and fat/added fat intake. Nevertheless, age at complementary feeding introduction was associated with all outcomes.
Our results suggest that only a small proportion of non-breast-fed infants at 8 and 12 months reached the recommendations for fat intake, whereas a majority of them reached the recommendations for carbohydrate intake. As subgroups of infants with a higher risk of inadequate diet were not identified, the present results call for an improved dissemination of information regarding infant-specific dietary fat needs in the entire population.
Purpose: To assess toxicity and long-term results of preoperative chemoradiotherapy in rectal cancer.
Methods and Materials: Between 1989 and 1997, as a phase II study, 66 patients with T
3 M
0 ...rectal cancer received preoperatively a 45 Gy dose pelvic radiotherapy (XRT) combined with two 5-day chemotherapy courses (CT) of 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) and Leucovorin (LV) delivered the first and fifth week of XRT. For each CT course, LV:20 mg/m
2/d
1-d
5,. While the 5-FU dose was variable from 450 to 350 mg/m
2/d first course and 370 to 350 mg/m
2/d second course. Surgery was planned 3 weeks later.
Results: XRT-CT was stopped in 1 patient due to progressive disease. CT was stopped in 1 patient due to toxicity. Grades 2 and 3 diarrhea were observed in 8 and 3 patients, respectively. One patient died from acute diarrhea due to deviation from recommendations; 60 patients went to surgery. Among the 58 patients operated on for cure, 5 had an R
1-resection. After a 4.5-year median follow-up, the 5-year pelvic disease-free survival was 92% for the whole group and 96% in the R
0-resection group.
Conclusion: Preoperative combined XRT-5-FU-LV is feasible if optimal XRT and patients are carefully managed. The recommended 5-FU daily dose is 350 mg/m
2 for both CT courses. This approach is currently tested in a large EORTC phase III trial.
Purpose: Several animal studies suggest that the thalamus might be involved in the maintenance and propagation of epileptic seizures. However, electrophysiologic evidence for this implication in ...human partial epileptic seizures is still lacking. Considering the rich and reciprocal connectivity of the medial pulvinar (PuM) with the temporal lobe, we evaluated a potential participation of this thalamic nucleus in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE).
Methods: The electrophysiologic activity of PuM was recorded during stereoelectroencephalographic exploration of spontaneous temporal lobe seizures in 14 patients referred for presurgical assessment of refractory TLE.
Results: We recorded PuM ictal activity in 80% of the 74 seizures that we analyzed. This activity was characterized by rhythmic slow‐waves or rhythmic spikes (RSW‐RS) or both or by low‐voltage fast activity (LVFA) in 64% and 36% of seizures, respectively. RSW‐RS occurred mostly in seizures arising from mesiotemporal structures, whereas LVFA was more frequently observed in seizures of neocortical origin. In the 15 seizures without PuM ictal activity, spreading of the seizure outside the onset zone never occurred, whereas it did in 78% of seizures with PuM ictal involvement. Discharge propagation was systematic when PuM involvement corresponded to LVFA, whatever the seizure onset zone was, whereas it represented only 66% of the seizures when PuM exhibited RSW‐RS.
Conclusions: This study shows that ictal changes in PuM activity are frequently observed during temporal lobe seizures and suggests that this thalamic nucleus might participate in their propagation.
There is debate as to whether maternal tobacco use in pregnancy is related to offspring behaviour later on. We tested this association examining multiple aspects of children's behaviour at age 5 and ...accounting for parental smoking outside of pregnancy, as well as child and family characteristics.
Data come from a prospective community based birth cohort study (EDEN; n=1113 families in France followed since pregnancy in 2003-2005 until the child's 5th birthday). Maternal tobacco use in pregnancy was self-reported. Children's socio-emotional development (emotional symptoms, conduct problems, symptoms of hyperactivity/inattention, peer relationship problems, prosocial behaviour) was assessed by mothers using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) at age 5 years. Logistic regression analyses controlled for Inverse Probability Weights (IPW) of maternal tobacco use calculated based on study center, children's characteristics (sex, premature birth, low birth weight, breastfeeding), maternal characteristics (age at the child's birth, psychological difficulties and alcohol use in pregnancy, post-pregnancy depression, and smoking), paternal smoking in and post-pregnancy, parental educational attainment, family income, parental separation, and maternal negative life events.
Maternal smoking in pregnancy only predicted children's high symptoms of hyperactivity/inattention (sex and study center-adjusted ORs: maternal smoking in the 1st trimester: 1.95, 95%CI: 1.13-3.38; maternal smoking throughout pregnancy: OR=2.11, 95%CI: 1.36-3.27). In IPW-controlled regression models, only children of mothers who smoked throughout pregnancy had significantly elevated levels of hyperactivity/inattention (OR=2.20, 95%CI: 1.21-4.00).
Maternal tobacco smoking in pregnancy may contribute directly or through epigenetic mechanisms to children's symptoms of hyperactivity/inattention.
In this paper, a new approach is presented for the assessment of a 3-D anatomical and functional model of the heart including structural information from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ...functional information from positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetocardiography (MCG). The method uses model-based co-registration of MR and PET images and marker-based registration for MRI and MCG. Model-based segmentation of MR anatomical images results in an individualized 3-D biventricular model of the heart including functional parameters from PET and MCG in an easily interpretable 3-D form.
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers are valuable tools for the diagnosis of neurological diseases. We aimed to investigate within a retrospective multicentric study the final diagnosis associated ...with very high CSF Tau levels and to identify patterns of biomarkers that would differentiate them in clinical practice, to help clinical biologists into physicians' counseling.
Les patientes atteintes d’un cancer du sein sont généralement traitées par une combinaison de molécules de chimiothérapie, comprenant le 5-fluorouracil, l’épirubicine et le cyclophosphamide. Ces ...drogues exercent, en plus de leur action anticancéreuse, un effet néfaste sur les ovaires qui a un retentissement important sur la fertilité des femmes après traitement. Ces effets ont été étudiés de manière indépendante dans des modèles murins mais jamais en association. L’objectif de ce travail est d’évaluer, pour la première fois, l’impact de cette combinaison de chimiothérapie sur l’ovaire chez la souris.
Des souris pubères âgées de 6 semaines ont reçu, par injection intrapéritonéale, une combinaison de chimiothérapie ou un placebo. Les ovaires ont été analysés une semaine après l’injection. Les follicules primordiaux et les follicules en croissance précoce ont été comptés. Les voies de signalisations impliquées dans la gonadotoxicité de la chimiothérapie ont été évaluées par Western blot et PCR quantitative.
Une baisse significative du nombre des follicules primordiaux ainsi que du nombre des follicules en croissance est observée dans le groupe traité. Les analyses de qPCR indiquent que différentes voies de l’apoptose sont activées simultanément : dommages de l’ADN, voie intrinsèque mitochondriale, stress du réticulum endoplasmique. Une analyse par Western blot est en cours pour affiner ces résultats.
Ces résultats permettent d’améliorer la compréhension des mécanismes impliqués dans la gonadotoxicité des protocoles de chimiothérapie. Il s’agit d’une étape essentielle pour permettre d’identifier et de développer des molécules visant à limiter leur impact négatif sur les ovaires.
We sought to compare published methods to an alternative approach ascertaining cavotricuspid isthmus (CTI) block during atrial flutter ablation.
In 39 consecutive patients who underwent an atrial ...flutter ablation procedure, a 24-pole mapping catheter was positioned so that 2 adjacent dipoles were bracketing the targeted CTI line of block (LOB), with proximal dipoles lateral to the LOB and distal dipoles in the coronary sinus. Two pacing sites were lateral (positions A and B) and 2 were septal (positions C and D) to the LOB, with locations A and D closest to the LOB. A resulting CTI block was accepted when 3 criteria were fulfilled: (1) complete reversal of the right atrial depolarization on the 24-pole catheter when pacing in the coronary sinus, (2) conduction delays from A to D greater than from B to D, and (3) conduction delays from D to A greater than from C to A. A successful CTI block was obtained in all patients. Before CTI block was obtained, a progressive CTI conduction delay was observed in 11 patients (28.2%). During the procedure, the 3 criteria defined above were either all present or all absent.
This study establishes that reversal of the atrial depolarization sequence up to the LOB is a definitive and mandatory criteria of successful atrial flutter ablation.
Abstract Introduction The genetics underlying posterior cortical atrophy (PCA), typically a rare variant of Alzheimer's disease (AD), remain uncertain. Methods We genotyped 302 PCA patients from 11 ...centers, calculated risk at 24 loci for AD/DLB and performed an exploratory genome-wide association study. Results We confirm that variation in/near APOE/TOMM40 ( P = 6 × 10−14 ) alters PCA risk, but with smaller effect than for typical AD (PCA: odds ratio OR = 2.03, typical AD: OR = 2.83, P = .0007). We found evidence for risk in/near CR1 ( P = 7 × 10−4 ), ABCA7 ( P = .02) and BIN1 ( P = .04). ORs at variants near INPP5D and NME8 did not overlap between PCA and typical AD. Exploratory genome-wide association studies confirmed APOE and identified three novel loci: rs76854344 near CNTNAP5 ( P = 8 × 10−10 OR = 1.9 1.5–2.3); rs72907046 near FAM46A ( P = 1 × 10−9 OR = 3.2 2.1–4.9); and rs2525776 near SEMA3C ( P = 1 × 10−8 , OR = 3.3 2.1–5.1). Discussion We provide evidence for genetic risk factors specifically related to PCA. We identify three candidate loci that, if replicated, may provide insights into selective vulnerability and phenotypic diversity in AD.
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