Phyto-synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was achieved using aqueous garlic, green tea and turmeric extracts, and characterized by different spectroscopic techniques. Phytochemical analysis ...revealed the presence of rich amount of biochemicals in these extracts, which serve as reducing and capping agents for converting silver nitrate into AgNPs. FT IR spectroscopy confirmed the role of biomolecules in the bioreduction and efficient stabilization of AgNPs. UV–Vis DRS spectra showed a band around 450 nm characteristics of AgNPs. XRD patterns revealed the crystalline nature of the synthesized AgNPs with fcc structure. SEM and TEM analysis revealed the spherical shape of the synthesized AgNPs with an average particle size of 8 nm. EDX analysis confirmed the purity of the synthesized AgNPs with a strong signal at 3.2 keV. The antioxidant activity was assessed by ABTS, DPPH, p-NDA, H2O2 and DMSO scavenging assays, in which the AgNPs synthesized using green method showed remarkable activity with respect to the standard antioxidants ascorbic acid and rutin. In vitro cytotoxicity activity was tested on four cancer cell lines such as human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7), cervical (HeLa), epithelioma (Hep-2) and lung (A549) along with one normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF) cell line. The AgNPs synthesized using turmeric extract exhibits excellent antioxidant and cytotoxicity activity compared to that synthesized using other extracts.
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•We report green extracts-mediated phytosynthesis of AgNPs.•XRD patterns confirmed the face centered cubic (fcc) structure of AgNPs.•SEM and TEM analysis confirmed the morphology and size of the AgNPs.•In vitro antioxidant activity was tested by five different assays.•Turmeric extract mediated AgNPs exhibit higher biological activity.
Phytofabricated green synthesis of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles using different plant extracts of
Azadirachta indica, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, Murraya koenigii, Moringa oleifera
, and
Tamarindus ...indica
for biological applications has been reported. ZnO nanoparticles were also synthesized by chemical method to compare the efficiency of the green synthesized nanoparticles. FT-IR spectra confirmed the functional groups involved in the green synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles and the powder XRD patterns of the ZnO nanoparticles revealed pure wurtzite structure with preferred orientation at (100) reflection plane. SEM and TEM analysis revealed the spherical shape of the synthesized ZnO nanoparticles with the particle size between 54 and 27 nm. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by five different free radical scavenging assays. The present study also intends to screen α-amylase and α-glucosidase activity of ZnO nanoparticles synthesized using natural sources, which may minimize the toxicity and side effects of the inhibitors used to control diabetes. The ZnO nanoparticles synthesized using
T. indica
extract displayed remarkable antioxidant and antidiabetic activities.
The zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by using aqueous extracts of
Aloe vera
gel/leaf and
Hibiscus sabdariffa
leaf, and characterized by FT IR, UV-Vis, XRD, SEM, and EDX ...techniques. For comparison purposes, ZnO nanoparticles was also synthesized by chemical method. Phytochemical screening of the
A. vera
gel and leaf and
H. sabdariffa
leaf extracts showed the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, flavonoids, gums and mucilages, saponins, phenolic compounds, tannins, and terpenoids. FT IR spectra showed the presence of functional groups and protein as the stabilizing agent surrounding the ZnO nanoparticles. UV-Vis spectra of ZnO nanoparticles exhibit the characteristic absorption band in the range of 344–360 nm, which can be assigned to the intrinsic bandgap absorption of ZnO due to the electron transitions from the valence band to the conduction band. Powder XRD patterns confirmed the hexagonal wurtzite structure. Further, the SEM analysis also indicates the hexagonal rod shape structure of the ZnO nanoparticles. EDX spectra confirmed the chemical composition of the ZnO nanoparticles synthesized by both biological and chemical methods. In vitro antibacterial activity of ZnO nanoparticles synthesized by both biological and chemical methods were performed on three Gram (−ve) (
Escherichia coli
,
Klebsiella pneumoniae
and
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
) and one Gram (+ve) (
Staphylococcus aureus
) bacteria, in which the ZnO nanoparticles obtained by biological method showed excellent bactericidal activity over that obtained by chemical method. All the ZnO nanoparticles showed promising antioxidant activity determined by five different methods such as 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS); 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH); hydrogen peroxide (H
2
O
2
); superoxide radical scavenging; and hydroxyl radical scavenging assays. In vitro cytotoxicity of the ZnO nanoparticles were tested against three cancerous cell lines such as human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7), cervical (HeLa) and epithelioma (Hep-2), and one normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF) cell lines by MTT assay. Apoptosis induction was further confirmed by flow cytometry and cell cycle arrest. The ZnO nanoparticles obtained by biological method display remarkable cytotoxicity against the MCF-7 cell line, and found to be more potent than the widely used drug cisplatin.
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•ZnO and ZnO/MS core/shell nanoparticles were synthesized and characterized.•The photodegradation property was investigated using methylene blue.•ZnO/MS core/shell nanoparticles ...exhibited enhanced photodegradation.•ZnO/MS core/shell nanoparticles showed moderate antimicrobial activity.•Paclitaxel loaded core/shell nanoparticles showed higher anticancer activity.
Zinc oxide nanoparticles were synthesized by co-precipitation method followed by covering with MS (M=Zn, Cd, or Pb) to obtain ZnO/MS core/shell nanoparticles using chemical method. The formation of core/shell nanoparticles were authenticated by various spectroscopic techniques. The photocatalytic activity of the synthesized core/shell nanoparticles shows the significant role of the shell layer in the photodegradation of methylene blue. The antimicrobial activity has been evaluated against two Gram (–ve) (E. coli and K. pneumoniae) and two Gram (+ve) (E. faecalis and S. aureus) bacterial, and two fungi (A. niger and C. albicans) strains. In vitro anti-proliferative activity of ZnO and ZnO/MS core/shell nanoparticles at a concentration of 0.06M was evaluated against two human cancerous cell lines such as breast (MCF-7) and lung (A549), and one normal human kidney (HEK-293) cell line by MTT assay. DNA fragmentation analysis proved the inhibition of proliferation through induction of apoptosis.
A series of C-centered heteroscorpionate-based homoleptic manganese(II), nickel(II), and copper(II) complexes of type M(L
1-3
)
2
(1-9) have been synthesized by using the ligands ...(2-hydroxyphenyl)bis(imidazol-1-yl)methane (HL
1
), (4-diethylamino-2-hydroxyphenyl)bis(imidazol-1-yl)methane (HL
2
) and (5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)bis(imidazol-1-yl)methane (HL
3
). The geometric parameters of the complexes were determined using UV-vis and theoretical studies suggesting distorted octahedral geometry around metal(II) ion. Frontier molecular orbital analysis supports bioefficacy of the complexes. Antimicrobial activity of the metal(II) complexes were determined against two Gram(-ve) (Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae) and two Gram(+ve) (Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria, and three fungal (Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, and Candida krusei) strains. Antioxidant activity of nickel(II) and copper(II) complexes were evaluated against ABTS, DPPH, and H
2
O
2
free radicals. In vitro cytotoxicity activity of nickel(II) and copper(II) complexes against human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7), cervical (HeLa), and lung (A549) cancer cell lines along with one normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF) cell line were carried out by MTT assay, which shows the potent activity of copper(II) complex 8 with respect to the standard drug cisplatin. Molecular docking studies evidence the interaction of complexes with cyclin-dependent kinase 2 receptor (CDK2).
A series of heteroleptic metal(II) complexes of formulation M(Tm)(diimine)(ClO4) (1–8), Tm = hydrotris(methimazolyl)borate, diimine = 2,2'-bipyridyl or 1,10-phenanthroline and M = Mn(II), Ni(II), ...Cu(II) or Zn(II) have been synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic methods. The geometric parameters of the complexes were determined using UV–Vis spectroscopy and DFT calculations. The analyses of HOMO and LUMO have been used to explain the charge transfer within the molecule. Antimicrobial activity of the synthesized heteroleptic complexes were evaluated against two Gram (–ve) (Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae) and two Gram (+ve) (Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus) bacterial, and three fungal (Candida albicans, Candida glabrata and Candida krusei) strains with respect to the standard drugs erythromycin and amphotericin-B. The copper(II) complex 6 showed better scavenging activity against DPPH when compared to other complexes. The cytotoxic activity of copper(II) complexes 5 and 6 against MCF-7 cell line was assessed by MTT assay, which showed exponential responses toward increasing concentration of complexes. In the molecular docking studies, the complexes showed π–π, σ–π, hydrogen bonding, van der Waals and electrostatic interactions with FGFR kinase receptor.
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•Eight heteroleptic metal(II) complexes were synthesized and characterized.•DFT studies were performed to calculate the HOMO-LUMO energy level.•The complexes show moderate antimicrobial and antioxidant activity.•The complexes strongly interact with FGFR kinase receptor.•The cytotoxicity of copper(II)complexes was assayed by MTT method.
2-aminopyridinium diphenylacetate diphenylaetic acid (2APD), an organic crystal with dimensions 22 × 13 × 11 mm3 was grown by slow cooling technique. The structural aspects of the grown crystal have ...been confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction study. The title compound crystallizes in the monoclinic crystal system with noncentrosymmetric space group P21. The intermolecular hydrogen bonding interactions has been analysed by Hirshfeld surface analysis. Chemosensors for a charge transfer molecule has been reported for the first time in the literature. The cation and anion sensing study revealed that the title material exhibits a colour change in the presence of Cu2+ and Ni2+ while the solution remained colourless in the presence of anions. This further shows that the receptor acts as a luminescence sensor in the presence of Cu2+ and Ni2+ ions. The laser damage threshold of the 2APD sample measured along three different planes was found to be 0.76 GW cm−2, 0.97 GW cm−2 and 0.94 GW cm−2. Z-scan measurements confirmed the third order nonlinear property of the grown 2APD crystal. The optical limiting behaviour of the 2APD crystal is found to saturate with threshold and amplitude of 36 mW/cm2 and 2.24 mW/cm2 respectively.
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•2-aminopyridinium diphenylacetate diphenylaetic acid crystal was grown by slow cooling technique.•The intermolecular hydrogen bonding interactions has been analysed by Hirshfeld surface analysis.•Chemosensors for a charge transfer molecule has been reported for the first time in the literature.•The laser damage threshold was found to be 0.76 GW cm−2, 0.97 GW cm−2 and 0.94 GW cm−2 for three different planes.
The reaction of soft tripodal scorpionate ligand, sodium hydrotris(methimazolyl)borate with M(ClO4)2·6H2O MMn(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) or Zn(II) in methanol leads to the cleavage of B–N bond followed by ...the formation of complexes of the type M(MeimzH)4(ClO4)2·H2O (1–4), where MeimzH=methimazole. All the complexes were fully characterized by spectro-analytical techniques. The molecular structure of the zinc(II) complex (4) was determined by X-ray crystallography, which supports the observed deboronation reaction in the scorpionate ligand with tetrahedral geometry around zinc(II) ion. The electronic spectra of complexes suggested tetrahedral geometry for manganese(II) and nickel(II) complexes, and square-planar geometry for copper(II) complex. Frontier molecular orbital analysis (HOMO–LUMO) was carried out by B3LYP/6-31G(d) to understand the charge transfer occurring in the molecules. All the complexes exhibit significant antimicrobial activity against Gram (−ve) and Gram (+ve) bacterial as well as fungal strains, which are quite comparable to standard drugs streptomycin and clotrimazole. The copper(II) complex (3) showed excellent free radical scavenging activity against DPPH in all concentration with IC50 value of 30μg/mL, when compared to the other complexes. In the molecular docking studies, all the complexes showed hydrophobic, π-π and hydrogen bonding interactions with BSA. The cytotoxic activity of the complexes against human hepatocellular liver carcinoma (HepG2) cells was assessed by MTT assay, which showed exponential responses toward increasing concentration of complexes.
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•Four scorpionate metal(II) complexes were synthesized and characterized.•X-ray diffraction analysis of zinc(II) complex revealed the tetrahedral geometry.•The complexes show efficient antimicrobial activity against tested organisms.•The copper(II) complex exhibits higher antioxidant activity against DPPH radical.•All the complexes exhibit concentration dependant cytotoxicity against HepG2 cells.
