Haptoglobin (Hp) and Serum Amyloid A (SAA) are a group of blood proteins whose concentrations in animals can be influenced by infection, inflammation, surgical trauma or stress. Corynebacterium ...pseudotuberculosis is the causative agent of caseous lymphadenitis (CLA), and Mycolic acid is a virulent factor extracted from C. pseudotuberculosis. There is a dearth of sufficient evidence on the clinical implication of MAs on the responses of Hp and SAA in goats. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the potential effects of Mycolic acid (MAs) and C. pseudotuberculosis on the responses of Hp and SAA in female goats. A total of 12 healthy female goats was divided into three groups; A, B and C each comprising of 4 goats and managed for a period of three months. Group (A) was inoculated with 2 mL of sterile phosphate buffered saline (as a negative control group) intradermally, while group (B) and (C) were inoculated intradermally with 2 ml each of mycolic acid and 1 × 109 cfu of active C. pseudotuberculosis respectively. The result of the study showed that the Hp concentration in goats inoculated with C. pseudotuberculosis was significantly increased up to 7-fold (1.17 ± 0.17 ng/L) while MAs showed a 3-fold increased (0.83 ± 0.01 ng/L) compared with the control. Whereas SAA concentration in C. pseudotuberculosis and MAs groups showed a significant 3-fold (17.85 ± 0.91 pg/mL) and 2-fold (10.97 ± 0.71 pg/mL) increased compared with the control. This study concludes that inoculation of C. pseudotuberculosis and MAs have significant effects on Hp and SAA levels, which indicates that MAs could have a role in the pathogenesis of caseous lymphadenitis.
•Hp and SAA can be considered as indicators of potential immunogenic responses in challenged goats.•The immunogenic responses are divulged on inoculation with C. pseudotuberculosis and MAs in goats.•The current study also proved that MAs could have an immunogenic attribute.•Hence it does induce an elevated Hp and SAA in the challenged goats.
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is a well-recognized risk factor for premature death. However, evidence on which PM2.5 components are most relevant is unclear.
We evaluated the associations between ...mortality and long-term exposure to eight PM2.5 elemental components copper (Cu), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), sulfur (S), nickel (Ni), vanadium (V), silicon (Si), and potassium (K). Studied outcomes included death from diabetes, chronic kidney disease (CKD), dementia, and psychiatric disorders as well as all-natural causes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), respiratory diseases (RD), and lung cancer. We followed all residents in Denmark (aged ≥30 years) from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2017. We used European-wide land-use regression models at a 100 × 100 m scale to estimate the residential annual mean levels of exposure to PM2.5 components. The models were developed with supervised linear regression (SLR) and random forest (RF). The associations were evaluated by Cox proportional hazard models adjusting for individual- and area-level socioeconomic factors and total PM2.5 mass.
Of 3,081,244 individuals, we observed 803,373 death from natural causes during follow-up. We found significant positive associations between all-natural mortality with Si and K from both exposure modeling approaches (hazard ratios; 95% confidence intervals per interquartile range increase): SLR-Si (1.04; 1.03–1.05), RF-Si (1.01; 1.00–1.02), SLR-K (1.03; 1.02–1.04), and RF-K (1.06; 1.05–1.07). Strong associations of K and Si were detected with most causes of mortality except CKD and K, and diabetes and Si (the strongest associations for psychiatric disorders mortality). In addition, Fe was relevant for mortality from RD, lung cancer, CKD, and psychiatric disorders; Zn with mortality from CKD, RD, and lung cancer, and; Ni and V with lung cancer mortality.
We present novel results of the relevance of different PM2.5 components for different causes of death, with K and Si seeming to be most consistently associated with mortality in Denmark.
•Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is linked to premature mortality.•Researches on which PM2.5 components are more responsible is limited.•With 3 million Danes, we studied how PM2.5 elemental components links with mortality.•Potassium and silicon were the most relevant PM2.5 components with mortality.•Different PM2.5 components were associated with different mortality outcomes.
Colossal amounts of construction and demolition waste (C&D) and waste tires have become a considerable global environmental concern. To alleviate this issue, it is proposed to use crumb rubber (CR) ...derived from waste tires and recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) from C&D as a replacement for natural aggregates in new construction materials. However, the wide variability in the mechanical properties of recycled concrete and the lack of reliable predictive tools in the literature make the wide-scale adoption of these new materials a challenging task. Robust methodologies for predicting the mechanical properties of these materials are needed to advance them as viable alternatives to natural aggregates. Hence, this study compiled a comprehensive experimental database comprising 451, 151, and 102 samples from the literature, including compressive, tensile, and flexural strength values of fiber-reinforced rubberized recycled aggregate concrete (FRRAC). Based on these experimental results, seven data-driven machine learning models were developed. A total of 16 input variables were considered in developing these machine-learning models. It was demonstrated that the CatBoost model performed best for predicting the compressive and tensile strengths, whereas for flexural strength, Random Forest models provided better performance. According to SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) values, the age of concrete, fineness modulus of the natural fine aggregate and the replacement percentage of the RCA were the most impactful input features in the prediction of the compressive, tensile, and flexural strength, respectively. Moreover, it was found that the usage of fiber reinforcement increased the impact of the w/c ratio. Based on the results, it is suggested to limit the replacement level of RCA and CR to 30% and 15%, respectively. Finally, this study highlights the importance of data-driven models in optimizing the mechanical properties of FRRAC, offering a useful tool for industry-scale developments.
•Data-driven ensemble ML models predict mechanical properties of FRRAC with superior accuracy.•CatBoost was the best model for predicting compressive and tensile strength of FRRAC.•Random Forest models performed best in predicting flexural strength.•Age of concrete, FM of NFA and RCA percentage were most impactful input features.•For best performance, RCA and CR replacement should be limited to 30% and 15%, respectively.
Current analysis illustrates the systematic survey about the flow features imparted by viscous fluid between two coaxially rotated disks embedded in a permeable medium. Energy equation has been built ...by encompassing Cattaneo–Christov heat flux law.Prevailing non-linear PDEs are converted into non-linear ODEs by utilizing Von Karman transformations. Afterwards, the attained differential system is solved by capitalizing implicit finite difference scheme. Interpretation regarding the impact of dimensionless involved parameters on axial, tangential and radial components of velocity, thermal distribution is exhibited. Comparison for skin friction coefficients on walls of disks is also manifested. An excellent agreement with previous work is established which assures the reliance of present work. After getting through intellect about the variations it is disclosed that the magnitude of axial and radial velocities diminishes at lower disk contrary to upper disk for intensifying magnitude of Reynold number. Furthermore, the shear stress rate at walls of upper and lower disks is also deliberated. Increment in tangential component of velocity is also manifested for uplifts values of Reynold number. In case of thermal distribution, it is deduced that thermal field decrements for increasing of Pr and thermal relaxation parameter. It is worthy to mention that shear drag coefficient at wall of lower disk decreases conversely to the wall shear coefficient magnitude at wall of upper disk.
•The skin friction coefficient at both disks is less for greater value of rotational parameter.•At the lower disk, the radial and axial velocity profile increases for maximum value of A1.•Thermal effects are reduced for both thermal relaxation and Prandtl number.•For rotational and stretching parameters, the tangential velocity profile increases at disk.
To determine the presence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) urinary tract infections (UTI) and the MDR pattern of the bacterial isolates causing MDR UTI in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients.
This ...cross-sectional study was conducted among 326 diagnosed CKD patients in the Department of Nephrology at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU). Purposive sampling technique was used, and data were collected from the respondents using a semi-structured questionnaire. From duly collected urine samples, identification of organisms and antibiotic susceptibility tests were done, maintaining proper procedure in the microbiology laboratory.
The study population was predominantly female (60.1%). The outpatient department provided the majority of the respondents (75.2%). A history of UTI within the last six months was present among 74.2% of the respondents, and 59.2% had a history of taking antibiotics. Bacterial isolates were predominantly gram-negative (79.4%).
was the most prevalent bacterial isolate, present in 55.5% of the study population. Among the respondents, 64.7% were found to have MDR UTI, and among them, 81.5% were gram-negative, and 18.5% were gram-positive isolates. Among all the antibiotics tested, Colistin Sulphate, Polymyxin B, Cefoxitin, Vancomycin, and Linezolid had the highest (100%) sensitivity, followed by Meropenem, with 94.9% sensitivity. Among the gram-negative isolates, Acinetobacter and Enterobacter were most resistant to aminoglycoside, at 70% and 91.7%, respectively.
,
,
, and
were most resistant to quinolone at 76.8%, 76.9%, 83.3%, and 66.7%, respectively. Among the gram-positive isolates,
and
were most resistant to aminoglycoside, 81.5% and 88.9%, respectively.
was found to be most resistant to cephalosporin (75.0%). There was a statistically significant (p < 0.05) relationship between MDR UTI, history of UTI, and previous antibiotic intake, and diabetic CKD.
The prevalence of MDR UTI among CKD patients is considerably high. When treating UTI, choosing an appropriate antibiotic by urine culture and implementing a guideline on the rational use of antibiotics are essential to managing and preventing the development of MDR UTI.
The emergence of novel pathogenic strains with increased antibacterial resistance patterns poses a significant threat to the management of infectious diseases. In this study, we aimed at utilizing ...the subtractive genomic approach to identify novel drug targets against Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Poona strain ATCC BAA-1673. We employed in silico bioinformatics tools to subtract the strain-specific paralogous and host-specific homologous sequences from the bacterial proteome. The sorted proteome was further refined to identify the essential genes in the pathogenic bacterium using the database of essential genes (DEG). We carried out metabolic pathway and subcellular location analysis of the essential proteins of the pathogen to elucidate the involvement of these proteins in important cellular processes. We found 52 unique essential proteins in the target proteome that could be utilized as novel targets to design newer drugs. Further, we investigated these proteins in the DrugBank databases and 11 of the unique essential proteins showed druggability according to the FDA approved drug bank databases with diverse broad-spectrum property. Molecular docking analyses of the novel druggable targets with the drugs were carried out by AutoDock Vina option based on scoring functions. The results showed promising candidates for novel drugs against Salmonella infections.
Rice blast disease, caused by Magnaporthe oryzae, is the most important and most devastating rice disease globally. For genetic analysis of resistance to rice blast, the present study used a BC
2
F
1
...population developed through marker-assisted backcrossing from a cross between blast susceptible MR263 and blast resistant Pongsu Seribu 1 (PS1). We selected out of 450 markers, 65 polymorphic simple sequence repeat markers, including the Pi gene-based markers, and identified 16 markers associated with blast resistance that showed heterozygous bands in the BC2F1 population. Of the 16 polymorphic markers, only eight (RM5961, RM263, RM163, RM224, RM262, RM168, RM229 and RM169) showed a good fit to the expected segregation genotypic ratio (1:1) for the single dominance gene model (df = 1.0, P < 0.05), according to chi-square (χ
2
) analysis. An analysis of phenotypic data of the BC
2
F
1
population also showed a good fit to the expected phenotypic ratio (1:1; R:S) for resistant and susceptible plants. The resistance to blast pathotype P7.2 in PS1 is most likely controlled by a single dominant gene that is linked to the eight markers we identified. These markers could be used in marker-assisted selection programmes to develop a durable blast resistant rice variety.
Polyhyroxyalkanotes (PHAs) are a family of polyhydroxyesters synthesized by numerous bacteria as an intracellular carbon and energy storage compound under nutrient-limiting conditions with excess ...carbon. An extensive screening program was previously done to isolate a promising bacterial isolate capable of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) production. Polyhydroxalkanoates are biodegradable thermo polyesters like poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB), which can be produced intracellularly as carbon and energy reserves. In this present study, out of 35 isolates, as many as 12 isolates were found to accumulate PHA which isolated from the oil and plastic contaminated soils, collected from different contaminated sites in Baghdad. However only one bacterial colony is selected among others based on maximum PHA yield (4.8g/L) after 48 hrs of incubation at 30°C with 54 % of PHA. Bacteria from this colony was characterized by morphological, biochemical and identified as Azotobater. The maximum PHA yield was recorded under the dry weight basis with 3% of corn oil wastes as the sole carbon source. However, Sudan black stained cells showed the presence of large quantities of granules in the cell cytoplasm when viewed under microscope. The polymer was extracted for the purpose of studying its physical and chemical properties.
Abstract
The study was conducted in Al-Bu’itha research station -College of Agriculture - University of Anbar, during the growing season 2022 to find out the effect of poultry manure at levels (0, ...100, 200 and 400 g plant
−1
) and spraying with Foliar nutrients at concentrations (0, 2, 4 and 6 ml L
−1
) on the growth and yield of broccoli, A factorial experiment was carried out according to the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The results Showed That were significant differences when added poultry manure, as the treatment was superior to 400 g plant
−1
in plant height 72.60cm, the total number of leaves 45.17 leaf plant
−1
, leaves area 127.64dm
2
plant
−1
, stem diameter 36.94 mm, and the percentage of chlorophyll 83. 95 Spad, the weight of the main flower stalk 1.491 kg, plant
−1
, and the total weight of the main flower stalk is 47.94 tons ha
−1
. The interaction between the factors of the study, the treatment of adding organic fertilizer at a concentration of 400 g plant
−1
and spraying with a nutrient solution at a concentration of 6 ml L
−1
had a significant superiority in yield characteristics from the weight of the main flower stalk 1.781 kg plant
−1
, and the total weight of the main flower stalk 59, 41 tons ha
−1
.
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