Investment funds manage a portfolio composed of financial instruments; therefore, their accounting reports should undergo a careful process of preparation and auditing. The main purpose of this study ...is to analyze the effect of being audited by a Big Four audit company on funds’ risk-adjusted performance. The database is composed of equity funds from the Brazilian financial market, with daily returns spanning from January 2005 to March 2023. The funds’ performance was measured based on three indicators, including the Sharpe Ratio and Jensen’s Alpha. Fama and MacBeth regressions were used to test the hypotheses. The main findings indicate that the benefits of audit quality also include a positive effect on the risk-adjusted performance of investment funds, as the coefficient of the variable “Big Four” was positive and significant based on the proxies for risk-adjusted performance. This study advances this area of research by demonstrating the effects of the type of audit on the risk-adjusted performance indicators of investment funds.
O objetivo deste trabalho é examinar os efeitos do tom do disclosure de RSC, em suas dimensões ambiental, social e econômica, no desempenho das companhias abertas brasileiras. A amostra final ...contemplou dados financeiros e 1.797 reportes corporativos, provenientes de 219 companhias abertas brasileiras distintas no período de 2010 a 2019. Os dados foram analisados a partir de estatísticas descritivas e aplicação de modelos de regressão com dados em painel. Os resultados desta pesquisa demonstram que informações de RSC otimistas apresentadas nos relatórios implicam em melhores índices de valor de mercado, bem como na redução do custo de capital. Assim, verifica-se a necessidade de se considerar o tom empregado na publicação e os tópicos que compõem a RSC na avaliação do disclosure de RSC e seu efeito no desempenho, avançando em relação aos estudos que se baseiam na simples observação da publicação ou não de determinado relatório ou assunto nos documentos.
Complexity in accounting for derivatives Malaquias, Rodrigo Fernandes; Zambra, Pablo
Accounting research journal,
12/2019, Letnik:
33, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to analyze the perception of accountants in relation to the complexity of accounting for financial instruments and in relation to the disclosure of financial ...instruments in annual reports. Both aspects are relevant for the external users, and for the firms’ internal management.
Design/methodology/approach
The database comprises questionnaires answered by accountants from Brazil and Chile. Data were analyzed based on reliability statistics and multivariate regression analysis.
Findings
The main results indicate that accountants perceive the accounting for derivatives, hedge accounting, fair value measurement of financial instruments and the respective disclosure of these operations as a complex issue. These findings are interesting considering that there are detailed accounting standards relating to financial instruments.
Research limitations/implications
The results indicate that education and gender affect the perception of complexity about accounting of derivatives.
Practical implications
Findings from this research show that accountants do perceive derivatives as complex items for accounting, particularly accounting for hedges.
Social implications
The results can motivate some initiatives for training activities and for teaching academic content about financial instruments in undergraduate courses.
Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that tests some personal characteristics of accountants (namely, professional experience, education and gender), in contrast to their perceptions about complexity of accounting for derivatives.
O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi analisar o comportamento histórico e a frequência das divulgações sobre responsabilidade social corporativa das empresas brasileiras que compõem o índice IBrX-50 durante ...o período de 2000 a 2018. Para tanto, foram analisados os Relatórios da Administração de uma amostra composta por 47 empresas listadas na B3, integrantes do índice IBrX-50. A mensuração do nível de evidenciação se tornou possível com a análise de conteúdo dos relatórios selecionados a luz de 7 tópicos que se subdividem em 31 itens. Em seguida, fez-se o uso da análise de regressão com dados em painel, associando as variáveis ano, setor, tamanho, endividamento, rentabilidade e ISE com a divulgação de RSC. Os resultados sugerem, de forma crítica, que elementos já apontados pela literatura na década de 1970 (com base no estudo de Walter e Monsen, 1979), mesmo depois de 40 anos, ainda podem ser aspectos que requerem maior atenção nos relatórios das empresas. Identificou-se ainda que o ano, a rentabilidade, o endividamento e o setor não apresentaram efeito significativo na divulgação sobre responsabilidade social corporativa; por outro lado, as variáveis relativas ao tamanho e ser integrante do ISE apresentaram efeito positivo no disclosure das empresas.
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the effect of the interaction between liquidity constraints and tax planning on the performance of Brazilian investment funds, since liquidity ...constraints reduce precipitated withdrawals, allowing tax planning operationalization.
Design/methodology/approach
The sample of this study is comprised of 8,008 Brazilian multimarket funds, considering the period from January 2004 to September 2017. The authors considered tax planning, lockup periods and minimum balance of investment as independent variables, and the authors used the Sharpe ratio as a proxy for performance. To test the study hypothesis, the authors employed regression models with panel data.
Findings
The main findings indicate some evidences that investment funds which implement, at the same time, liquidity constraints with tax planning have an extra risk-adjusted return index. This result can represent a premium registered by investment funds with have enough resources to achieve competitive advantage. Nevertheless, the result for the main hypothesis was not robust to different forms of performance measurement.
Originality/value
This study promotes an interaction between finance and organizational strategy, since it employs aspects of strategy theories to support the implications that the internal resources of investment funds, such as their liquidity constraints and tax planning, may exert on their performance. In addition, this study advances by providing new evidences about liquidity constraints in investments funds, which have the potential to contribute with the operationalization of strategy and tax planning of funds’ managers.
Abstract The use of electronic resources to conduct payments is increasing. This scenario indicates the relevance of new studies to understand the determinants and the potential effects of Digital ...Financial Services (DFS) adoption. In this paper, we test the effect of DFS adoption on the satisfaction with business performance, considering a sample comprised of responses from entrepreneurs that are also mothers (mompreneurs). The database includes 177 questionnaires that presented complete responses for the items analyzed in this paper; these questionnaires were collected during the period from April, 2020 to June, 2020 (which involves the COVID-19 related crisis). Using confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation model, the main results suggest that attitude towards Information and Communication Technologies has a positive effect on DFS adoption. Moreover, the use of DFS presented a positive effect on the satisfaction with business performance, which means that the use of technologies to make electronic payments, to manage business bank account, and to provide electronic payment alternative for customers can improve the business performance satisfaction of women entrepreneurs.
This study addresses the challenges for development in Latin America considering the framework of a contemporary technological advancement: the Internet of Things (IoT). Based on this framework, this ...paper shows the diffusion of IoT-related aspects in three different dimensions: individuals (demand), environment, and technology offer. The low availability of secure Internet servers, the low widespread rate of Internet adoption, inequalities in access to electricity, and adult illiteracy represent important challenges to be faced in Latin America. These variables directly affect IoT diffusion; thus, this paper also presents further directions in this field.
This article aimed to test the effect of lockup periods on the performance of Brazilian equity funds and multimarket funds, considering the period affected by the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19). ...This study contributes to better understanding the effects of redemption restrictions imposed on quotaholders, a relevant subject considering the increase in the number of funds in Brazil. This effect is analyzed with particular focus on the period affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. The results of this study have implications for individual and professional investors and may also interest large families of Brazilian funds, given that the establishment of lockup periods forms part of a long-term decision. The research has the potential to impact planning in the fund industry, the financial planning of small and large investors, as well as the literature on the subject, motivating the undertaking of new research. The sample was composed of 17,417 Brazilian funds, 13,581 of which were multimarket funds and 3,836 were equity funds, covering the period from January of 2018 to December of 2021. Various subsamples were evaluated for robustness purposes. The hypotheses were tested using a difference-in-difference model operationalized through a panel. Fund performance was estimated every quarter based on the four-factor alpha. The main results of the study reveal that lockup periods were positively associated with fund performance. On the other hand, during the period negatively affected by COVID-19, funds with greater lockup periods did not record better performance than the other funds (considering in the comparison the performance of groups with a shorter lockup and that of the funds before the pandemic), a result that may advance the discussion on the effects of redemption restrictions.
This paper aims to create a bondholders' protection index (BPI) and to investigate what the influence of this index would be on multimarket funds' allocation in corporate bonds. Understanding this ...relation is relevant because only about 1.36% of multimarket funds' portfolios correspond to debentures. This study advances the literature by covering a topic little discussed in a Brazilian context, proposing the creation of a BPI, which would be related to the number of automatic maturity clauses, which guarantee immediate payment to bondholders in cases of the rupture of a contract. This research comprised 926 debentures series issued in Brazil from 2009 to 2017, and 1,753 multimarket funds, which allocated some portfolios' percentage in these securities. In creating the BPI, we contemplated 15 restrictive clauses, which the most common correspond to negligent business performance, liquidation, dissolution and bankruptcy, and restrictions related to company structure. Moreover, we examined less common restrictive clauses as well, including indebtedness policy, shares issuance and amortization, and ratings downgrading. Regarding data analysis, we employed multiple linear regression models, with pooled estimators, applying the standard error correction by White's robust matrix (1980). The main results suggest that BPI positively effects multimarket funds' allocation in debentures. Furthermore, this influence is more intense in indentures with higher number of clauses with automatic maturity. Thus, this study contributes to literature about restrictive clauses, since it demonstrates that debentures' flexible and adaptable structure seems to be interesting for the main bondholders in Brazil.
Based on the assumption that seasonal patterns have been identified in stock market assets and also in the context of equity mutual funds, the aim of this research is to investigate the relationship ...between the seasonality presented by the January effect and the net flow of Brazilian equity funds. The study extends the potential effects of seasonality beyond the return on stock market assets, demonstrating that seasonal patterns can also be observed in Brazilian mutual fund flows. The literature mostly points to common factors related to the performance of equity mutual funds; therefore this study investigates mutual fund flows, demonstrating that different factors influence the decisions of fund investors, including seasonal factors. The study has practical implications for fund managers, as it highlights a set of variables that can be used to anticipate variations in fund flow, reducing their effects on performance and avoiding costs. The results were estimated using panel data regression analysis. The study sample consisted of 1,010 equity funds, covering the period from January of 2004 to June of 2018. It was found that the average net inflow of Brazilian equity mutual funds is higher in January than in other months of the year, which characterizes the existence of a seasonal pattern in their net flows. However, the effect is different between exclusive and non-exclusive funds. As contributions, our findings: (i) provide a better understanding about the factors related to investor decision-making; (ii) point out new aspects in which exclusive and non-exclusive funds differ; and (iii) present factors that influence mutual fund flows.
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