New trinuclear organosilicon, organogermanium, and organotin-containing tungsten carbene complexes Ph2ECH=WCl2(OBut)22 (E = Si, Ge, or Sn) were synthesized by the reaction of the trinuclear carbyne ...complexes Ph2EC≡W(OBut)32 with HCl. The tin-containing carbene complex is thermally unstable and was identified in solution by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The silicon-and germanium-tungsten carbene complexes were isolated in high yields as individual crystals and were characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The structure of the silicon-containing complex Ph2SiCH=WCl2(OBut)22 was established by X-ray diffraction.
Using multilocus DNA fingerprinting with microsatellite probes (CAC)5, (GACA)4, (GGCA)4 and (GATA)4, intraspecific variation of the Southeast Asian lizards belonging to the genus Leiolepis (bisexual ...species Leiolepis reevesii and triploid parthenogenetic species Leiolepis guentherpetersi) was first examined. The L. guentherpetersi lizards were characterized by monophyletic DNA fingerprint profiles for the loci detected by the (GACA)4, (GGCA)4, and (CAC)5 probes, in terms of intrapopulation similarity index constituting S = 0.96. This was different from the individual-specific profiles of the lizards from bisexual, presumably parental species, L. reevesii (S = 0.6; P < 0.001). Genetic homogeneity of triploid L. guentherpetersi lizards at the loci examined serves as one of the arguments for the parthenogenetic nature of this species. Genetic variability of triploid parthenogenetic species L. guentherpetersi appeared to be comparable with that reported earlier for the Caucasian rock lizards of the genus Darevskia, namely, D. dahlia, D. armeniaca, and D. unisexualis (P > 0.05). The results of DNA fingerprinting analysis of the same L. guentherpetersi samples with the (GATA)4 hybridization probe were unexpected. Variability of parthenogenetic species L. guentherpetersi at the (GATA)n markers was remarkably higher than that at other DNA markers (S = 0.35; P = 3.08 x 10(-11)), being comparable to the variation of the (GATA)n DNA markers in bisexual species L. reevesii (P = 0.74). The reasons for high polymorphism of the (GATA)n-containing loci in L. guentherpetersi still remain unclear. This polymorhism is probably associated with high instability of the loci, which can be revealed by means of family analysis of parthenogenetic offspring.
HDCT+ASCT is a new and promising therapy for MS patients. Among a number of unclear questions is the terms of conducting HDCT+ASCT. According to our concept there are 3 strategies of HDCT+ASCT ...depending on the terms of disease process: early, conventional and salvage. Another important consideration is that the major treatment outcomes for MS patients are disease-progressive free period and improvement of patient's quality of life (QoL). With this in mind, evaluation of both clinical and patient-reported outcomes in MS patients after HDCT+ASCT is worthwhile. We aimed to study the clinical and QoL response in MS patients after early, conventional and salvage HDCT +ASCT.
17 patients with MS (secondary progressive − 8 patients, primary progressive − 6, progressive relapsing − 2, relapsing remitting − 1) were included in the study (mean age − 32.3, SD − 6.6; male/female − 4/13). Fifteen patients underwent conventional HDCT +ASCT; one patient (relapsing-remitting MS) - early HDCT+ASCT and one patient (primary progressive MS) - salvage HDCT+ASCT. Median EDSS at base-line was 6.0 (range 2.0 – 7.5). The median follow-up duration was 12 months (range 6 – 72 months). All of the patients had previously undergone conventional treatment. Neurological and QoL evaluation was provided at baseline, at discharge, 3, 6, 9, 12 months, and then every 6 months. MRI was conducted at baseline, at 6, 12 months, and at the end of follow-up. FACT-BMT and FAMS were used for QoL evaluation. QoL response was evaluated using Integral QoL index, which was calculated by the method of integral profiles.
14 (82.4%) out of 17 patients including 12 patients with conventional HDCT+ ASCT, one patient with early HDCT+ ASCT and one patient with salvage HDCT+ ASCT experienced a clinical stabilization or improvement. Three patients showed significant improvement in EDSS (by more than 1.0 point), 2 patients improved by 1.0, and 3 patients - by 0.5. Six cases remained stable.
All of the patients with clinical stabilization and improvement exhibited negative MRI scans. One patient continuously worsened and died 3 years after the transplantation. Two other patients worsened by 0.5 points in their EDSS.
All patients with clinical response exhibited improved QoL at 6 months post-transplant and they preserved improved QoL at the end of follow-up. At one year after HDCT+ASCT the patients exhibited a good or excellent QoL response. These levels of QoL response were preserved throughout the follow-up period.
In conclusion, clinical response was observed in 82.4% MS patients after HDCT+ASCT. Notably, patients undergoing early, conventional and salvage HDCT+ASCT exhibited clinical response. All patients with clinical response had good or excellent QoL response. Thus, HDCT+ASCT appears to be an effective treatment for MS both in terms of clinical and patient-reported outcomes. The data obtained point to feasibility of early, conventional and salvage HDCT+ASCT in MS patients. Further studies should be done to investigate clinical and QoL response in MS patients receiving early, conventional and salvage HDCT+ASCT to better define treatment success.
