The perennial grass cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.) is a valuable early highly nutritious crop used as green fodder in agricultural production. The species is widespread across the Eurasian ...continent; it is characterized by plasticity and high ecological and geographical variability. The article considers the metabolic profiles of 15 accessions of the cocksfoot from the collection of the N.I. Vavilov Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR). The material is represented by varieties and wild forms of various origin: the European part of the Russian Federation, Norway and Finland. The study was carried out using gas-liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The study and comparison of groups of metabolites of cocksfoot accessions of various ecological and geographical origin was carried out. Statistical processing included the calculation of the main parameters of variability, factor analysis of the correlation system (Q- and R-technique), cluster analysis by Ward's method and discriminant analysis. The variability of the quantitative and qualitative composition of the substances identified was revealed. Based on statistical processing of the results obtained, five groups of cocksfoot accessions were identified, differing in the profile of metabolites. One of the groups with a similar composition of metabolites consisted of accessions from one ecological and geographical region; another, of accessions of different origin. Significant differences were noted in the metabolomic profiles of a late-maturing wild cocksfoot accession from the Republic of Karelia at the booting stage from early- and mid-maturing accessions at the heading stage; it contained the largest number of free amino acids and the smallest number of identified primary and secondary metabolites. Wild-growing accession k-44020 from Norway surpassed other wild-growing accessions in the content of free amino acids, sugars and phosphates at the heading stage. Wild-growing accessions differed from breeding varieties with a high content of proline and threonine, indicators of high resistance to lack of moisture and high air temperature.
The authors have considered the feasibility of using the measurements of quality and quantity forest parameters on the State Forest Inventory (SFI) permanent sample plots (PSP) for estimating carbon ...stocks in forests in the preparation of the reports on the implementation of the national commitments under the Paris Agreement. The strengths and weaknesses of the SFI methods for estimating carbon stocks are revealed. The analytic assessment is demonstrated through the example of Khabarovsk Territory in which the SFI was completed in 2018. It is experimentally confirmed that significantly more accurate SFI data on the average growing stock volume, in combination with improved methods for estimating carbon assessment parameters, can increase the estimates of carbon stocks in the forest biomass approximately by +30%.
To evaluate a 12-week course of combined alloturinol-lowering therapy with a prophylactic anti-inflammatory dose of movalis for the frequency of exacerbations and the quality of life of patients with ...gout.
Allopurinol was administered orally, 1 time per day. Every 3 weeks, the dosage of the drug was increased by 50 mg to 300 mg per day under the control of the level of serum uric acid (sUA). The total daily dose of the drug movalis, used in the form of different dosage forms, was 7.515 mg. The clinical effectiveness of the treatment was evaluated after 3, 6, 9 and 12 weeks according to physical examination, the dynamics of joint pain at rest, during movement and palpation, according to the visual analogue scale (VAS) in millimeters, Likert scale, EuroQol-5D-5L questionnaire, care for oneself, habitual daily activities, the presence of anxiety and depression, assessment of satisfaction with treatment (on a scale of 1 to 5, where 1 is the complete absence of improvement or worsening, and 5 is a very good result); took into account the period of remission, as well as the time before the onset of relapse of gouty arthritis. An adverse event (AE) was recorded.
On the background of treatment with movalis 7.5 mg per day more than two-thirds of patients showed no worsening of the articular syndrome with an increase in the dose of allopurinol to 300 mg per day. By the 12th week of observation, a significant difference was found between the severity of gouty arthritis characteristics in the direction of improving mobility, self-care, normal daily activities, reducing soreness, reducing anxiety and depression (p0.05). In addition, the ESR and sUA levels were significantly different initially and at the final observation point (p0.05), which indicates a positive effect on the inflammatory process. A 3-month course of combination therapy was not accompanied by significant increases in blood pressure, changes in creatinine clearance in blood serum. There were no adverse events from the gastrointestinal tract. 90.9% of patients rated the treatment result as very good. AE in the form of a skin allergic rash was observed in one patient; it did not require interruption of treatment and completely stopped without consequences after completion of the course.
12 a week-long combined therapy of the allopurinol-reducing drug with the anti-inflammatory dose movalis prevents the exacerbation of the articular syndrome and improves the quality of life of patients with gout.
Reaction of bis(2-(diphenylphosphino)ethyl)benzylamine (PNP) and bis(2-methylpyridyl)benzylamine (NNN) with known
closo
-ruthenacarborane 3-H-3-Cl-3,3-(PPh
3
)
2
-3,1,2-RuC
2
B
9
H
11
(
1
) leads to ...the formation of new ruthenium carborane complexes 3,3,3-(
bis
(2-(diphenylphosphino)ethyl)benzylamine)-
closo
-3,1,2-RuC
2
B
9
H
11
(
2
) and 3,3,3-(bis(2-methylpyridyl)benzylamine)-
pseudocloso
-3,1,2-RuC
2
B
9
H
11
(
3
), respectively. The resulting complexes have been studied by NMR and IR spectroscopy and time-of-flight MALDI MS. Geometry optimization of complex
2
obtained for the first time by quantum-chemical modeling reduces to the
closo
-configuration, while complex
3
is stable both in
closo
and
pseudocloso
forms. Using single-crystal X-ray diffraction, it has been found that complex
2
has a
closo
structure, whereas
3
has a
pseudocloso
structure. A study of the electrochemical properties showed that complexes
2
and
3
are capable of reversible oxidation.
Specific features of reactions of complex 5,6,10-{Cl(Ph
3
P)
2
Ru}-5,6,10-(μ-H)
3
-10-H-
exo
-
nido
-7,8-C
2
B
9
H
8
(
1
) with 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)benzene (dppbz) and ...bis(diphenylphosphino)methane (dppm) in acetonitrile in the presence of amines were studied. Novel
closo
-ruthenacarborane complexes containing the metal in a formal oxidation state of +2 were isolated. It was established that the reaction of
1
with dppbz affords a complex containing a coordinated acetonitrile molecule, whereas the reaction with dppm results in a tris(phosphine) complex with strongly sterically shielded ruthenium center. Reactions of the newly obtained compounds with carbon tetrachloride or hydrogen chloride give corresponding 17-electron complexes containing the metal atom in a formal oxidation state of +3. The reversibility of the Ru
II
→ Ru
III
redox transition in the compounds synthesized was investigated by cyclic voltammetry and the influence of the ligand environment on the values of the corresponding redox potentials was assessed.
Interaction of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO, 600 kDa) with fumed silica A-300 (
S
BET
=
316
m
2
/
g
) was investigated under different conditions using adsorption, infrared (IR), thermal analysis ...(TG-DTA), AFM, and quantum chemical methods. The studied dried silica/PEO samples were also carbonized in a flow reactor at 773 K. The structural characteristics of fumed silica, PEO/silica, and pyrocarbon/fumed silica were investigated using nitrogen adsorption–desorption at 77.4 K. PEO adsorption isotherm depicts a high affinity of PEO to the fumed silica surface in aqueous medium. PEO adsorbed in the amount of 50 mg per gram of silica (PEO monolayer corresponds to
C
PEO
≈
190
mg
/
g
) can disturb approximately 70% of isolated surface silanols. However, at the monolayer coverage, only 20% of oxygen atoms of PEO molecules take part in the hydrogen bonding with the surface silanols. An increase in the PEO amount adsorbed on fumed silica leads to a diminution of the specific surface area and contributions of micro- (pore radius
R
<
1
nm
) and mesopores (
1
<
R
<
25
nm
) to the pore volume but contribution of macropores (
R
>
25
nm
) increases with
C
PEO
. Quantum chemical calculations of a complex of a PEO fragment with a
SiOH group of a silica cluster in the gas phase and with consideration for the solvent (water) effect show a reduction of interaction energy in the aqueous medium. However, the complex remains strong enough to provide durability of the PEO adsorption complexes on fumed silica; i.e., PEO/fumed silica nanocomposites could be stable in both gaseous and liquid media.
Machine building is a leading industry in advanced countries. It provides many industries with machines and equipment as it is the main link in the system of intersectoral linkages. Thus, it secures ...full employment for highly skilled employees, promotes the growth of the level of educational background of the population and contributes to the development of the scientific and technological potential of the country. However, underinvestment in innovation technologies and processes, a limited character of the import substitution model and an insufficient support of the export model greatly hinder rapid and effective development of the machine-building industry. Specific peculiarities of the machine building development such as R&D intensity, labor intensity, and metal intensity, a need in cooperation and consumer orientation influence their geographic location.
Abstract
The purpose of fundamental research in agricultural ecology is to solve complex problem of the establishment of patterns of mass transfer in agricultural systems and regulation of these ...processes in agricultural soil use. The chemical composition of soil is the result of soil-forming processes. The characteristics of the soil-forming material play decisive role. The investigation of the content of macro- and microelements in soils of different types has been quite relevant in recent decades due to their large physiological role in the life of plants and animals and the active transformation of soils during agricultural use. Fertilization is a process of certain soil cultivation and includes a set of measures aimed at the regulation of macro- and microelements, the lack of which can be determined by zonal conditions of soil formation or soil degradation, as a result of irrational agricultural nature management. The paper presents the results of a study of the content of individual macro- and microelements in some types of soils of the Central Black Soil regions. The studies of the aspects of the impact of fertilization existing in the scientific literature are controversial. The consideration of ecologically and economically justified levels of changes in soil properties during cultivation is necessary to control negative transformations of chemical elements in soil and their accumulation in depositing media. A quantitative assessment of the total content of water-soluble salts, their qualitative composition and dynamics under the influence of agrotechnical factors, the study of their spatial differentiation in soil cover allows optimizing the use of fertilizers and increasing the stability of agropedocenoses.
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