Social capital is an important primary outcome of collaborative planning and is deemed a precursor to arriving at successful collaborative planning outcomes such as more effective collective action ...and both individual and social benefits. Although commonly used definitions of social capital stress the importance of social networks, recent scholarly research tends to overlook the importance of understanding how collaborative efforts influence the formation of new relationships and the structures of these relations (social networks) and in turn how these influence success. This article documents the application of social network analysis methods in the evaluation of a collaboration's effectiveness at building social capital, the structures of these relations, the factors that influenced positively and negatively their formation, and finally, the influence of the social networks on realizing successful outcomes.
Abstract
Public planning academies are a form of community leadership development programming utilized by cities to increase community engagement. This article presents a case study of the Citizens ...Planning Institute in Philadelphia, in the US state of Pennsylvania, and documents the program’s outcomes using the Community Capitals Framework. The results highlight the capacities developed by participants and their community engagement post program. The findings contribute to understanding how public planning academies support emerging leaders with new knowledge and skills, and enhanced leadership traits (human capital) as well as social, political, and cultural capitals that enhance engagement.
The built environment influences our use and experience of place, as well as emotions and well-being. It is important to understand how people associate emotions with urban places, or create ...“subjective” urban experiences in order to regenerate neighborhoods that are sensitive to our mental and emotional health and well-being. In this study, we analyzed photovoice-generated photos (n = 265), focus group and interview transcripts, and emotional maps as part of a brownfield revitalization planning effort in a post-industrial transitional neighborhood of Philadelphia, USA. We coded 13 themes to represent places, spaces, or topics and documented eight primary emotions associated with the photos. Joy was the most mentioned emotion, although the total number of negative emotions (e.g., sadness, anger, and disgust) far exceeded positive ones. Emotional maps revealed positive and negative hotspots and displayed how a single location or topic could trigger multiple contrasting or complementary emotions. A major contribution of this study is its methodological novelty of creating emotional maps with data collected from photovoice, interviews, and focus groups. Another contribution is an innovative community engagement approach involving underrepresented stakeholders in the process of planning for the revitalization of a transitional neighborhood facing pressure from development and gentrification.
•An analysis of the emotional impacts the built environment has on residents living in a transitional neighborhood.•An integrated approach using photovoice, focus groups, and interviews to collect information on residents’ experience of place, including emotional data, and to develop emotional maps.•A better understanding of the built environment’s impact on the community than achieved through discussions with community residents and field observations.•Potential to better inform urban design, development, and regeneration and to improve not only the experience of place but also quality of life for long-term, recent, and future residents.
Research documenting the social and organizational benefits of collaborative planning has afforded collaborative planning an increasingly broader role in environmental policy and management. However, ...the bias toward evaluating the process and its social outcomes has resulted in a gap in knowledge of the impact collaborative environmental planning and management has on changing environmental conditions. This article attempts to reduce this gap by presenting a new performance evaluation framework that assesses collaborative environmental planning outputs and outcomes: both social and environmental. The case study of the Habitat Workgroup of the New York—New Jersey Harbor Estuary Program highlights the utility of this evaluation framework in assessing the quality of key outputs; the presence of outcomes (i.e., changes in social and environmental conditions); and observed relationships between process, outputs, and outcomes.
This paper evaluates alternative approaches to management of interstate water resources in the United States (U.S.), including interstate compacts, interstate associations, federal-state ...partnerships, and federal-interstate compacts. These governance structures provide alternatives to traditional federalism or U.S. Supreme Court litigation for addressing problems that transcend political boundaries and functional responsibilities. Interstate compacts can provide a forum for ongoing collaboration and are popular mechanisms for allocating water rights among the states. Federal-interstate compacts, such as the Delaware River Basin Compact and federal-state partnerships, such as the National Estuary Program, are also effective and complementary approaches to managing water resources. However, all of these approaches can only make modest improvements in managing water resources given the complicated and fragmented nature of our federalist system of government.
This article reports an assessment of the growing use of Internet-based public participation methods, e-participation, in planning practice and university-level planning education in the USA. After ...documenting results from case study reviews of practice and a web-based survey of planning faculty, a comparative analysis reveals that academic programs are incorporating a range of e-participation tools; however, there is a need to increase curricula content to mirror trends in planning practice. The article concludes with recommendations on how to build on the strengths and to address the weaknesses observed in this study to better prepare students for the demands of planning practice.
We present the results of a search for dark matter weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) in the mass range below 20 GeV/c^{2} using a target of low-radioactivity argon with a 6786.0 kg d ...exposure. The data were obtained using the DarkSide-50 apparatus at Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso. The analysis is based on the ionization signal, for which the DarkSide-50 time projection chamber is fully efficient at 0.1 keVee. The observed rate in the detector at 0.5 keVee is about 1.5 event/keVee/kg/d and is almost entirely accounted for by known background sources. We obtain a 90% C.L. exclusion limit above 1.8 GeV/c^{2} for the spin-independent cross section of dark matter WIMPs on nucleons, extending the exclusion region for dark matter below previous limits in the range 1.8-6 GeV/c^{2}.
Members of the EGF family of growth factors play critical roles during normal and neoplastic breast development. EGF family member HRGα is the only HRG1 isoform expressed in the mouse mammary gland ...and our previous experiments suggest that HRG1 has a unique role in mammary development. To determine the function of HRGα activity during mouse mammary gland development, we generated a HRGα-deficient mouse strain. Unlike mice with HRG1 or isoform specific HRGβ gene deletions, HRGα-null mice survive to adulthood. HRGα-deficient mice display pronounced defects in mammary gland lobuloalveolar development at 17 days of pregnancy and 3 days post-partum. Terminal and lateral ductal alveoli were condensed and alveolar outgrowth during pregnancy was severely impaired. A dramatic reduction in β-casein expression accompanied defective alveolar development in the HRGα-null mice, as determined by in situ hybridization and Northern blot analysis of HRGα-deficient mammary glands at 3 days post-partum. Expression of the milk-protein genes WAP and α-lactalbumin was not adversely affected. In situ incorporation of BrdU demonstrated that epithelial proliferation was significantly curtailed in mammary glands of HRGα-deficient mice at 17 days post-coitus and 3 days post-partum. These results demonstrate that HRGα is an important mammary gland mitogen regulating alveolar development and lactogenesis.
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