Introducing Literary Theories is an ideal introduction for those coming to literary theory for the first time. It provides an accessible introduction to the major theoretical approaches in chapters ...covering: Bakhtinian Criticism, Structuralism, Feminist Theory, Marxist Literary Theories, Reader-Response Theories, Psychoanalytic Criticism, Deconstruction, Poststructuralism, New Historicism, Cultural Materialism, Postcolonial Theory, Gay Studies/ Queer Theories, Cultural Studies and Postmodernism.A table of contents arranged by theoretical method and a second arranged by key texts offer the reader alternative pathways through the volume and a general introduction, which traces the history and importance of literary theory, complete the introductory material.In each of the following chapters, the authors provide a clear presentation of the theory in question and notes towards a reading of a key text to help the student understand both the methodology and the practice of literary theory. The texts used for illustration include: In Memoriam A. H. H., Middlemarch, Mrs Dalloway, Paradise Lost, A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, Prospero's Books, The Swimming Pool Library and The Tempest. Every chapter ends with a set of questions for further consideration, an annotated bibliography and a supplementary bibliography while a glossary of critical terms completes the book. Derived and adapted from the successful foundation textbook, Literary Theories: A Reader and Guide, Introducing Literary Theories is a highly readable, self-contained and comprehensive guide that succeeds in making contemporary theory easily understandable.Each chapter provides: ~ An overview of the theory~ Notes towards readings of canonical literary texts~ Questions for further consideration~ An annotated bibliography~ A supplementary bibliographyFeatures* Complex ideas are clea.
Objectives
The Global Emergency Medicine Literature Review (GEMLR) conducts an annual search of peer‐reviewed and gray literature relevant to global emergency medicine (EM) to identify, review, and ...disseminate the most important new research in this field to a global audience of academics and clinical practitioners.
Methods
This year 12,435 articles written in six languages were identified by our search. These articles were distributed among 20 reviewers for initial screening based on their relevance to the field of global EM. An additional two reviewers searched the gray literature. A total of 723 articles were deemed appropriate by at least one reviewer and approved by their editor for formal scoring of overall quality and importance. Two independent reviewers scored all articles.
Results
A total of 723 articles met our predetermined inclusion criteria and underwent full review. Sixty percent were categorized as emergency care in resource‐limited settings (ECRLS), 17% as EM development (EMD), and 23% as disaster and humanitarian response (DHR). Twenty‐four articles received scores of 18.5 or higher out of a maximum score 20 and were selected for formal summary and critique. Inter‐rater reliability between reviewers gave an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.71 (95% confidence interval = 0.66 to 0.75). Studies and reviews with a focus on infectious diseases, trauma, and the diagnosis and treatment of diseases common in resource‐limited settings represented the majority of articles selected for final review.
Conclusions
In 2015, there were almost twice as many articles found by our search compared to the 2014 review. The number of EMD articles increased, while the number ECRLS articles decreased. The number of DHR articles remained stable. As in prior years, the majority of articles focused on infectious diseases.
Recent studies have demonstrated that both mouse and human alpha beta TCR(+)CD3(+)NK1.1(-)CD4(-)CD8- double-negative regulatory T (DN Treg) cells can suppress Ag-specific immune responses mediated by ...CD8+ and CD4+ T cells. To identify molecules involved in DN Treg cell function, we generated a panel of murine DN Treg clones, which specifically kill activated syngeneic CD8+ T cells. Through serial cultivation of DN Treg clones, mutant clones arose that lost regulatory capacity in vitro and in vivo. Although all allogeneic cardiac grafts in animals preinfused with tolerant CD4/CD8 negative 12 DN Treg clones survived over 100 days, allograft survival is unchanged following infusion of mutant clones (19.5 +/- 11.1 days) compared with untreated controls (22.8 +/- 10.5 days; p < 0.001). Global gene expression differences between functional DN Treg cells and nonfunctional mutants were compared. We found 1099 differentially expressed genes (q < 0.025%), suggesting increased cell proliferation and survival, immune regulation, and chemotaxis, together with decreased expression of genes for Ag presentation, apoptosis, and protein phosphatases involved in signal transduction. Expression of 33 overexpressed and 24 underexpressed genes were confirmed using quantitative real-time PCR. Protein expression of several genes, including Fc epsilon RI gamma subunit and CXCR5, which are >50-fold higher, was also confirmed using FACS. These findings shed light on the mechanisms by which DN Treg cells down-regulate immune responses and prolong cardiac allograft survival.
Understanding and controlling the transport properties of interacting fermions is a key forefront in quantum physics across a variety of experimental platforms. Motivated by recent experiments in 1D ...electron channels written on the \(\mathrm{LaAlO_3}\)/\(\mathrm{SrTiO_3}\) interface, we analyse how the presence of different forms of spin-orbit coupling (SOC) can enhance electron pairing in 1D waveguides. We first show how the intrinsic Rashba SOC felt by electrons at interfaces such as \(\mathrm{LaAlO_3}\)/\(\mathrm{SrTiO_3}\) can be reduced when they are confined in 1D. Then, we discuss how SOC can be engineered, and show using a mean-field Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov model that SOC can generate and enhance spin-singlet and triplet electron pairing. Our results are consistent with two recent sets of experiments Briggeman et al., arXiv:1912.07164; Sci. Adv. 6, eaba6337 (2020) that are believed to engineer the forms of SOC investigated in this work, which suggests that metal-oxide heterostructures constitute attractive platforms to control the collective spin of electron bound states. However, our findings could also be applied to other experimental platforms involving spinful fermions with attractive interactions, such as cold atoms.
Nat. Phys. 17, 782 (2021) The paradigm of electrons interacting with a periodic lattice potential is
central to solid-state physics. Semiconductor heterostructures and ultracold
neutral atomic ...lattices capture many of the essential properties of 1D
electronic systems. However, fully one-dimensional superlattices are highly
challenging to fabricate in the solid state due to the inherently small length
scales involved. Conductive atomic-force microscope (c-AFM) lithography has
recently been demonstrated to create ballistic few-mode electron waveguides
with highly quantized conductance and strongly attractive electron-electron
interactions. Here we show that artificial Kronig-Penney-like superlattice
potentials can be imposed on such waveguides, introducing a new superlattice
spacing that can be made comparable to the mean separation between electrons.
The imposed superlattice potential "fractures" the electronic subbands into a
manifold of new subbands with magnetically-tunable fractional conductance (in
units of $e^2/h$). The lowest $G=2e^2/h$ plateau, associated with ballistic
transport of spin-singlet electron pairs, is stable against de-pairing up to
the highest magnetic fields explored ($|B|=16$ T). A 1D model of the system
suggests that an engineered spin-orbit interaction in the superlattice
contributes to the enhanced pairing observed in the devices. These findings
represent an important advance in the ability to design new families of quantum
materials with emergent properties, and mark a milestone in the development of
a solid-state 1D quantum simulation platform.
The paradigm of electrons interacting with a periodic lattice potential is central to solid-state physics. Semiconductor heterostructures and ultracold neutral atomic lattices capture many of the ...essential properties of 1D electronic systems. However, fully one-dimensional superlattices are highly challenging to fabricate in the solid state due to the inherently small length scales involved. Conductive atomic-force microscope (c-AFM) lithography has recently been demonstrated to create ballistic few-mode electron waveguides with highly quantized conductance and strongly attractive electron-electron interactions. Here we show that artificial Kronig-Penney-like superlattice potentials can be imposed on such waveguides, introducing a new superlattice spacing that can be made comparable to the mean separation between electrons. The imposed superlattice potential "fractures" the electronic subbands into a manifold of new subbands with magnetically-tunable fractional conductance (in units of \(e^2/h\)). The lowest \(G=2e^2/h\) plateau, associated with ballistic transport of spin-singlet electron pairs, is stable against de-pairing up to the highest magnetic fields explored (\(|B|=16\) T). A 1D model of the system suggests that an engineered spin-orbit interaction in the superlattice contributes to the enhanced pairing observed in the devices. These findings represent an important advance in the ability to design new families of quantum materials with emergent properties, and mark a milestone in the development of a solid-state 1D quantum simulation platform.
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