Context.
The Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) has been in operation since 2011, but it has not yet been populated with the full suite of its planned frequency bands. In particular, ...ALMA Band 2 (67−90 GHz) is the final band in the original ALMA band definition to be approved for production.
Aims.
We aim to produce a wideband, tuneable, sideband-separating receiver with 28 GHz of instantaneous bandwidth per polarisation operating in the sky frequency range of 67−116 GHz. Our design anticipates new ALMA requirements following the recommendations of the 2030 ALMA Development Roadmap.
Methods.
The cryogenic cartridge is designed to be compatible with the ALMA Band 2 cartridge slot, where the coldest components – the feedhorns, orthomode transducers, and cryogenic low noise amplifiers – operate at a temperature of 15 K. We use multiple simulation methods and tools to optimise our designs for both the passive optics and the active components. The cryogenic cartridge is interfaced with a room-temperature (warm) cartridge hosting the local oscillator and the downconverter module. This warm cartridge is largely based on GaAs semiconductor technology and is optimised to match the cryogenic receiver bandwidth with the required instantaneous local oscillator frequency tuning range.
Results.
Our collaboration has resulted in the design, fabrication, and testing of multiple technical solutions for each of the receiver components, producing a state-of-the-art receiver covering the full ALMA Band 2 and 3 atmospheric window. The receiver is suitable for deployment on ALMA in the coming years and it is capable of dual-polarisation, sideband-separating observations in intermediate frequency bands spanning 4−18 GHz for a total of 28 GHz on-sky bandwidth per polarisation channel.
Conclusions.
We conclude that the 67−116 GHz wideband implementation for ALMA Band 2 is now feasible and that this receiver provides a compelling instrumental upgrade for ALMA that will enhance observational capabilities and scientific reach.
We study, experimentally and numerically, the increase of the stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) threshold in dispersion-shifted fibers (DSFs) by applying three different tensile-strain ...distributions. The best results are obtained with a 40-step stair-ramp distribution, for which we demonstrate a 8-dB SBS threshold increase in a 580-m DSF. The Brillouin frequency is observed to shift as a function of the strain at a rate of 0.464 GHz/%. We discuss the potentials and drawbacks of this technique for application in nonlinear devices.
In this work, Er3+ doped tellurite glasses have been prepared with the composition (82.5-x) TeO2+4.5Bi2O3+11.5ZnO+1.5Nb2O5+x Er2O3 (x=0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 1.0mol%) by melt-quenching method and their ...physical, spectroscopic properties were investigated. The experimental oscillator strengths (fexp) of individual absorption peaks are used to estimate the Judd–Ofelt intensity parameters (Ωλ, λ=2, 4, 6). Judd–Ofelt intensity parameters are used to calculate the spontaneous transition probabilities, radiative lifetimes and branching ratios for certain excited states of Er3+ ions. NIR emission and visible up-conversion luminescence were observed at room temperature for all glasses by exciting with 980nm laser radiation. The emission characteristics such as peak stimulated emission cross section, FWHM, figure of merit, optical gain cross sections and measured lifetimes have been obtained for the observed Er3+: 4I13/2→4I15/2 transition in the above glass composition for all the concentrations and are compared with that of the reported. Finally, NIR to visible energy conversion has been analyzed for all glasses excited at 980nm and suitable mechanism was proposed.
•Er3+ doped tellurite (TBZNb) glasses were prepared by melt-quenching method.•NIR and visible up-conversion luminescence were measured under 980nm wavelength for all glasses.•Broadband emission at 1.5μm (4I13/2→4I15/2) properties were studied and compared with other glasses.•For all TBZNb glasses, two photons were contributed for up-conversion.
Background
Despite the increasing interest in transgender health research, to date little is known about the size of the transgender and gender diverse (TGD) population.
Methods
A web-based ...questionnaire survey was developed, including a collection of socio-demographic characteristics and disseminated online through social media. Gender incongruence was evaluated by using a 2-item approach assessing gender recorded at birth and gender identity. The primary objective of the present population-based study was to estimate the proportion of TGD people across ages among a large sample of people who answered a web-based survey. The secondary endpoints were to identify gender-affirming needs and possible barriers to healthcare access.
Results
A total of 19,572 individuals participated in the survey, of whom 7.7% reported a gender identity different from the sex recorded at birth. A significantly higher proportion of TGD people was observed in the youngest group of participants compared with older ones. Among TGD people who participated in the study, 58.4% were nonbinary, and 49.1% experienced discrimination in accessing health care services. Nonbinary TGD participants reported both the need for legal name and gender change, along with hormonal and surgical interventions less frequently compared to binary persons.
Conclusions
Being TGD is not a marginal condition In Italy. A large proportion of TGD persons may not need medical and surgical treatments. TGD people often experience barriers to healthcare access relating to gender identity.
To assess the prevalence, nature, and associated phenotypes of PINK1 gene mutations in a large series of patients with early-onset (<50 years) parkinsonism.
The authors studied 134 patients (116 ...sporadic and 18 familial; 77% Italian) and 90 Italian controls. The whole PINK1 coding region was sequenced from genomic DNA; cDNA was analyzed in selected cases.
Homozygous pathogenic mutations were identified in 4 of 90 Italian sporadic cases, including the novel Gln456Stop mutation; single heterozygous truncating or missense mutations were found in another 4 Italian sporadic cases, including two novel mutations, Pro196Leu and Gln456Stop. Pathogenic mutations were not identified in the familial cases. Novel (Gln115Leu) and known polymorphisms were identified with similar frequency in cases and controls. In cases carrying single heterozygous mutation, cDNA analysis detected no additional mutations, and revealed a major pathogenic effect at mRNA level for the mutant C1366T/Gln456Stop allele. All patients with homozygous mutations had very early disease onset, slow progression, and excellent response to l-dopa, including, in some, symmetric onset, dystonia at onset, and sleep benefit, resembling parkin-related disease. Phenotype in patients with single heterozygous mutation was similar, but onset was later.
PINK1 homozygous mutations are a relevant cause of disease among Italian sporadic patients with early-onset parkinsonism. The role of mutations found in single heterozygous state is difficult to interpret. Our study suggests that, at least in some patients, these mutations are disease causing, in combination with additional, still unknown factors.
We present new HST Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph observations of the nearby radio galaxy NGC 5128 (Centaurus A). The bright emission line with longest wavelength accessible from HST, ...$\mathrm{S\,III}\lambda 9533~\AA$, was used to study the kinematics of the ionized gas in the nuclear region with a 0$\farcs$1 spatial resolution. The STIS data were analized in conjunction with the ground-based near-infrared Very Large Telescope ISAAC spectra used by Marconi et al. (2001, ApJ, 549, 915) to infer the presence of a supermassive black hole and measure its mass. The two sets of data have spatial resolutions differing by almost a factor of five but provide independent and consistent measures of the BH mass, which are in agreement with our previous estimate based on the ISAAC data alone. The gas kinematical analysis provides a mass of $M_{BH}(1.1\pm0.1)\times 10^{8}~{M}_\odot$ for an assumed disk inclination of $i=25\,\mathrm{deg}$ or $M_{BH}= (6.5\pm0.7)\times 10^{7}~{M}_\odot$ for $i=35\,\mathrm{deg}$, the largest i value allowed by the data. We performed a detailed analysis of the effects on MBH of the intrinsic surface brightness distribution of the emission line, a crucial ingredient in the gas kinematical analysis. We estimate that the associated systematic errors are no larger than 0.08 in $\log M_{BH}$, comparable with statistical errors and indicating that the method is robust. However, the intrinsic surface brightness distribution has a large impact on the value of the gas velocity dispersion. A mismatch between the observed and model velocity dispersion is not necessarily an indication of non-circular motions or kinematically hot gas, but is as easily due to an inaccurate computation arising from too course a model grid, or the adoption of an intrinsic brightness distribution which is too smooth. The observed velocity dispersion in our spectra can be matched with a circularly rotating disk and also the observed line profiles and the higher order moments in the Hermite expansion of the line profiles, h3 and h4, are consistent with emission from such a disk. To our knowledge, Centaurus A is the first external galaxy for which reliable BH mass measurements from gas and stellar dynamics are available and, as in the case of the Galactic Center, the MBH gas kinematical estimate is in good agreement with that from stellar dynamics. The BH mass in Centaurus A is in excellent agreement with the correlation with infrared luminosity and mass of the host spheroid but is a factor ∼$2{-}4$ above the one with the stellar velocity dispersion. But this disagreement is not large if one takes into account the intrinsic scatter of the $M_{BH}-\sigma_\mathrm{e}$ correlation. Finally, the high HST spatial resolution allows us to constrain the size of any cluster of dark objects alternative to a BH to $r_\bullet<0\farcs035$ ($\simeq$$0.6\,\mathrm{pc}$). Thus Centaurus A ranks among the best cases for supermassive Black Holes in galactic nuclei.
We have used GMOS-IFU and high-resolution HST-ACS observations to map, in unprecedented detail, the gas velocity field and structure within the 0.7 kpc circumnuclear ring of the SBb LINER/Seyfert 1 ...galaxy NGC 1097. We find clear evidence of radial streaming motions associated with spiral structures leading to the unresolved (<3.5 pc) nucleus, which we interpret as part of the fueling chain by which gas is transported to the nuclear starburst and supermassive black hole.
Search for the decay B 0 → ϕμ + μ Aaij, R.; Eklund, Lars; Zunica, G.
The journal of high energy physics,
05/2022, Letnik:
2022, Številka:
5
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
A search for the decay B-0 -> phi mu(+) mu(-) is performed using proton-proton collisions at centre-of-mass energies of 7, 8, and 13 TeV collected by the LHCb experiment and corresponding to an ...integrated luminosity of 9 fb(-1). No evidence for the B-0 -> phi mu(+) mu(-) decay is found and an upper limit on the branching fraction, excluding the 0 and charmonium regions in the dimuon spectrum, of 4.4 x 10(-3) at a 90% credibility level, relative to that of the B-s(0) -> phi mu(+) mu(-) decay, is established. Using the measured B-s(0) -> phi mu(+) mu(-) branching fraction and assuming a phase-space model, the absolute branching fraction of the decay B-0 -> phi mu(+) mu(-) in the full q(2) range is determined to be less than 3.2 x 10(-9) at a 90% credibility level.
Quasar feedback in the form of powerful outflows is invoked as a key mechanism to quench star formation in galaxies, preventing massive galaxies to overgrow and producing the red colors of ...ellipticals. On the other hand, some models are also requiring "positive" active galactic nucleus feedback, inducing star formation in the host galaxy through enhanced gas pressure in the interstellar medium. However, finding observational evidence of the effects of both types of feedback is still one of the main challenges of extragalactic astronomy, as few observations of energetic and extended radiatively driven winds are available. Here we present SINFONI near infrared integral field spectroscopy of XID2028, an obscured, radio-quiet z = 1.59 QSO detected in the XMM-COSMOS survey, in which we clearly resolve a fast (1500 km s super(-1)) and extended (up to 13 kpc from the black hole) outflow in the OIII lines emitting gas, whose large velocity and outflow rate are not sustainable by star formation only. The narrow component of H alpha emission and the rest frame U-band flux from Hubble Space Telescope/Advanced Camera for Surveys imaging enable to map the current star formation in the host galaxy: both tracers independently show that the outflow position lies in the center of an empty cavity surrounded by star forming regions on its edge. The outflow is therefore removing the gas from the host galaxy ("negative feedback"), but also triggering star formation by outflow induced pressure at the edges ("positive feedback"). XID2028 represents the first example of a host galaxy showing both types of feedback simultaneously at work.
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