Tetovaže su prisutne u gotovo svakom dijelu svijeta, kao i u gotovo svakom razdoblju povijesti. Njihova se uloga
mijenjala tijekom povijesti, od funkcije obilježavanja prijestupnika preko ...omogućavanja međusobnog prepoznavanja
pripadnika određenih zajednica do konačne uloge ukrašavanja tijela i popratne ekspresije emocija i stajališta.
Premda su nositelji tetovaža nekoć bili izrazito stigmatizirani, taj se trend znatno promijenio te trenutno svjedočimo
naglom porastu popularnosti tetoviranja. Opisani su brojni razlozi za tetoviranje, od potrebe za uljepšavanjem,
iskazivanjem individualnosti ili ekspresijom emocija do označavanja pripadnosti različitim društvenim skupinama
ili pak izražavanja otpora prema autoritetu. Tetovaže su povezane i s nekim psihijatrijskim poremećajima. Među
tetoviranom populacijom veća je učestalost disocijalnog poremećaja ličnosti, zlouporabe droga i alkohola te
graničnog i drugih poremećaja ličnosti. Ipak, one dopuštaju pojedincu izražavanje osjećaja, vrijednosti i stavova,
kao i održavanje pozitivne slike vlastitog identiteta. U ovom je radu opisan bolesnik s brojnim tetovažama, njihovo
značenje u tijeku liječenja pacijenta te važnost koje tetovaže imaju za njega. Posebna je pažnja obraćena tetovaži
zgrade Klinike za psihijatriju Vrapče, gdje je pacijent hospitaliziran u više navrata, kojom je nastojao izraziti zahvalnost
za pruženo liječenje.
The World Health Organization recommends adjusting salt intake as a part of the nine global targets to reduce premature mortality from non-communicable chronic diseases as a priority and the most ...cost-effective intervention. In 2006, the main aim of the Croatian Action on Salt and Health was to decrease salt intake by 16% because of its critical intake and consequences on human health. We have organized educative activities to increase awareness on salt harmfulness, define food categories of prime interest, collaborate with industries and determine salt intake (24 h urine sodium excretion). It was determined that the proportion of salt in ready-to-eat baked bread should not exceed 1.4%. In the period 2014-2022, salt in semi-white bread was reduced by 14%, 22% in bakery and 25% in the largest meat industry. Awareness of the harmfulness of salt on health increased from 65.3% in 2008 to 96.9% in 2023 and salt intake was reduced by 15.9-1.8 g/day (22.8% men, 11.7% women). In the last 18 years, a significant decrease in salt intake was achieved in Croatia, awareness of its harmfulness increased, collaboration with the food industry was established and regulatory documents were launched. However, salt intake is still very high, underlying the need for continuation of efforts and even stronger activities.
Background: Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV), acknowledged as a reliable proxy of arterial stiffness, is an independent predictor of cardiovascular (CV) events. Carotid-femoral PWV is ...considered the gold standard for the estimation of arterial stiffness. cfPWV is a demanding, time consuming and expensive method, and an estimated PWV (ePWV) has been suggested as an alternative method when cfPWV is not available. Our aim was to analyze the predictive role of ePWV for CV and all-cause mortality in the general population. Methods: In a stratified random sample of 1086 subjects from the general Croatian adult population (EH-UH study) (men 42.4%, average age 53 ± 16), subjects were followed for 17 years. ePWV was calculated using the following formula: ePWV = 9.587 − 0.402 × age + 4.560 × 10−3 × age2 − 2.621 × 10−5 × age2 × MBP + 3.176 × 10−3 × age × MBP − 1.832 × 10−2 × MBP. MBP= (DBP) + 0.4(SBP − DBP). Results: At the end of the follow-up period, there were 228 deaths (CV, stroke, cancer, dementia and degenerative diseases, COLD, and others 43.4%, 10.5%, 28.5%, 5.2%, 3.1%, 9.3%, respectively). In the third ePWV tercile, we observed more deaths due to CV disease than to cancer (20.5% vs. 51.04%). In a Cox regression analysis, for each increase in ePWV of 1 m/s, there was a 14% increase risk for CV death. In the subgroup of subjects with higher CV risk, we found ePWV to be a significant predictor of CV deaths (ePWV (m/s) CI 1.108; p < 0.029; HR 3.03, 95% CI 1.118–8.211). Conclusions: In subjects with high CV risk, ePWV was a significant and independent predictor of CV mortality.
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