AI Knowledge Transfer from the University to Society: Applications in High-Impact Sectors brings together examples from the "Innovative Ecosystem with Artificial Intelligence for Andalusia 2025" ...project at the University of Seville, a series of sub-projects composed of research groups and different institutions or companies that explore the use of Artificial Intelligence in a variety of high-impact sectors to lead innovation and assist in decision-making. Key Features Includes chapters on health and social welfare, transportation, digital economy, energy efficiency and sustainability, agro-industry, and tourism Great diversity of authors, expert in varied sectors, belonging to powerful research groups from the University of Seville with proven experience in the transfer of knowledge to the productive sector and agents attached to the Andalucía TECH Campus
La Vuelta del Paraguayo es un barrio ribereño de la ciudad de Santa Fe (Argentina) que se localiza en el valle aluvial del río Paraná y tiene la peculiaridad de que cíclicamente sufre inundaciones. ...En este artículo se indaga por las estrategias de construcción de habitabilidad en sus propias casas que se despliegan para poder convivir con la “invasión” del río. La categoría de habitabilidad es la que guía todo el escrito, ya que es una noción que permite leer la problemática en clave de género, porque son las mujeres quienes socialmente están encargadas de hacer habitables los espacios para la reproducción. A partir de la realización de entrevistas etnográficas a mujeres que habitan el barrio, se identificó que la construcción del espacio “habitable” tiene diferentes estrategias en función de la altura del río.
In the last two decades, zinc oxide (ZnO) semiconductor Quantum dots (QDs) have been shown to have fantastic luminescent properties, which together with their low-cost, low-toxicity and ...biocompatibility have turned these nanomaterials into one of the main candidates for bio-imaging. The discovery of other desirable traits such as their ability to produce destructive reactive oxygen species (ROS), high catalytic efficiency, strong adsorption capability and high isoelectric point, also make them promising nanomaterials for therapeutic and diagnostic functions. Herein, we review the recent progress on the use of ZnO based nanoplatforms in drug delivery and theranostic in several diseases such as bacterial infection and cancer.
The Rietkerk vegetation model is a system of partial differential equations, which has been used to understand the formation and dynamics of spatial patterns in vegetation ecosystems, including ...desertification and biodiversity loss. Here, we provide an in-depth bifurcation analysis of the vegetation patterns produced by Rietkerk's model, based on a linear stability analysis of the homogeneous equilibrium of the system. Specifically, using a continuation method based on the Newton–Raphson algorithm, we obtain all the main heterogeneous equilibria for a given size of the domain. We confirm that inhomogeneous vegetated states can exist and be stable, even for a value of rainfall for which no vegetation exists in the non-spatialized system. In addition, we evidence the existence of a new type of equilibrium, which we call “mixed state”, in which the equilibria are always unstable and take the form of a mix of two equilibria from the main branches. Although these equilibria are unstable, they influence the dynamics of the transitions between distinct stable states by slowing down the evolution of the system when it passes close to it. Our approach proves to be a helpful way to assess the existence of tipping points in spatially extended systems and disentangle the fate of the system in the Busse balloon. Overall, our findings represent a significant step forward in understanding the behaviour of the Rietkerk model and the broader dynamics of vegetation patterns.
A major challenge in heritage science is the non-invasive cross-sectional analysis of paintings. When low-energy probes are used, the presence of opaque media can significantly hinder the penetration ...of incident radiation, as well as the collection of the backscattered signal. Currently, no technique is capable of uniquely and noninvasively measuring the micrometric thickness of heterogeneous materials, such as pictorial layers, for any painting material. The aim of this work was to explore the possibility of extracting stratigraphic information from reflectance spectra obtained by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). We tested the proposed approach on single layers of ten pure acrylic paints. The chemical composition of each paint was first characterised by micro-Raman and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopies. The spectral behaviour was analysed by both Fibre Optics Reflectance Spectroscopy (FORS) and Vis-NIR multispectral reflectance imaging. We showed that there is a clear correlation between the spectral response of acrylic paint layers and their micrometric thickness, which was previously measured by Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT). Based on significant spectral features, exponential functions of reflectance vs. thickness were obtained for each paint, which can be used as calibration curves for thickness measurements. To the best of our knowledge, similar approaches for cross-sectional measurements of paint layers have never been tested.
Summary
Background and objectives
Information about hospital admissions for skin diseases is restricted to studies describing admissions to single centers, to specific wards, or only for a few ...diagnoses, and there is no information about the outcomes between different wards. The aim of this research is to describe hospital admissions due to dermatological diseases.
Patients and methods
Cross‐sectional study of hospital discharges at Spanish hospitals. Discharges were assumed to be the same as admissions.
Results
519,440 discharges (1.1 % of total discharges) were identified. Most admissions (60.1 %) were done from emergency departments. Only 7 % of cases were admitted to dermatology wards. The most prevalent group was cellulitis and acute lymphangitis. Median age was 57 years, and men were more common. The median length of hospital stay was four days; 40,823 (7.9 %) cases required readmission. There were 13,558 (2.6 %) hospital deaths. After adjusted analysis (by age, sex and group of diagnosis), the OR of readmission was 1.49 (95 % CI: 1.42–1.57) times higher and length of stay was 0.22 (95 % CI: 0.15–0.29) days longer in non‐dermatology wards (P < 0.0001). From 2006–2016, admissions to dermatology wards decreased 38 %, while in non‐dermatology wards they increased 8 %.
Conclusions
A non‐negligible number of patients require dermatological inpatient management. This is mainly provided by non‐dermatologists. Some of our findings may indicate an improved overall care by dermatologists.
Abstract
Since March of 2020, billions of people worldwide have been asked to limit their social contacts in an effort to contain the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. However, little research has been ...carried out to date on the impact of such social distancing measures on the social isolation levels of the population. In this paper, we study the impact of the pandemic on the social isolation of the Spanish population, by means of 32,359 answers to a citizen survey collected over a period of 7 months. We uncover (1) a significant increase in the prevalence of social isolation in the population, reaching almost 26%; (2) gender and age differences, with the largest prevalence of isolation among middle-aged individuals; (3) a strong relationship between economic impact and social isolation; and (4) differences in social isolation, depending on the number of COVID-19 protection measures and on the perception of coronavirus infection risk by our participants. Our research sheds quantitative light on the sociological impact of the pandemic, and enables us to identify key factors in the interplay between the deployment of non-pharmaceutical interventions to contain the spread of an infectious disease and a population’s levels of social isolation.
Mesoporous silica materials (MSM) have a great surface area and a high pore volume, meaning that they consequently have a large loading capacity, and have been demonstrated to be unique candidates ...for the treatment of different pathologies, including bacterial infection. In this text, we review the multiple ways of action in which MSM can be used to fight bacterial infection, including early detection, drug release, targeting bacteria or biofilm, antifouling surfaces, and adjuvant capacity. This review focus mainly on those that act as a drug delivery system, and therefore that have an essential characteristic, which is their great loading capacity. Since MSM have advantages in all stages of combatting bacterial infection; its prevention, detection and finally in its treatment, we can venture to talk about them as the "nightmare of bacteria".
As of 2021, over 5.4 million Venezuelans have fled their home country in search of safety, food, medicine and access to essential services. This is the most substantial exodus in the recent history ...of Latin America. Colombia has received 2 million of these refugees, making it the nation host to the greatest number of Venezuelan refugees. The present research aims to examine the relations between the sociocultural and psychological factors that are associated with Psychological Adaptation of Venezuelan refugees living in Colombia. We also examined how these relations were mediated by the acculturation orientations. Among Venezuelan refugees, higher Psychological Strength, lower Perceived Discrimination, higher National Identity and higher Outgroup Social Support, were significantly associated with higher engagement with Colombian society and better Psychological Adaptation. Orientation to the host (Colombian) society mediated the association between (a) National Identity and Psychological Adaptation, (b) Outgroup Social Support and Psychological Adaptation and (c) Perceived Discrimination and Psychological Adaptation. The results may inform refugee receiving societies of some essential factors and positive strategies behind adaptation of refugees.
We present SURFER, a novel reduced model for estimating the impact of CO2 emissions and solar radiation modification options on sea level rise and ocean acidification over timescales of several ...thousands of years. SURFER has been designed for the analysis of CO2 emission and solar radiation modification policies, for supporting the computation of optimal (CO2 emission and solar radiation modification) policies and for the study of commitment and responsibility under uncertainty. The model is based on a combination of conservation laws for the masses of atmospheric and oceanic carbon and for the oceanic temperature anomalies, and of ad-hoc parameterisations for the different sea level rise contributors: ice sheets, glaciers and ocean thermal expansion. It consists of 9 loosely coupled ordinary differential equations, is understandable, fast and easy to modify and calibrate. It reproduces the results of more sophisticated, high-dimensional earth system models on timescales up to millennia.
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