Biological control using entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) has demonstrated good potential to contribute to the integral control of mosquito larvae, which as adults are vectors of diseases such as ...Dengue fever, Zika and Chikungunya. However, until now there are no records of the presence of EPN or their killing capacity in Yucatán state, southern México. The objectives of the current study were: (1) to report the entomopathogenic nematodes present in Yucatán soils and (2) to determine the killing capacity of the most frequent and abundant EPN against
mosquito larvae and the microbial community developed by
exposed to this EPN.
The nematodes were collected by the insect trap technique using the great wax moth
. Internal transcribed spacer (ITS), 28S gene of ribosomal DNA and phylogenetic analyses were performed to identify the EPN. For the bioassay, four concentrations of the most frequent and abundant EPN were tested: 1,260:1 infective juveniles (IJs) per mosquito larvae, 2,520 IJs:1, 3,780 IJs:1 and 5,040 IJs:1. High-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene was used to identify bacterial amplicon sequences in the mosquito larvae infected with EPN.
Six isolates of
were recovered from 144 soil samples.
(four isolates) was the most frequent and abundant EPN, followed by
n. sp. (two isolates). Both nematodes are reported for the first time for Yucatán state, Mexico. The concentration of 2,520 IJs:1 produced 80% of mosquito larvae mortality in 48 h. Representative members of
genus were numerically dominant (74%) in mosquito larvae infected by
. It is most likely that these bacteria produce secondary toxic metabolites that enhance the mortality of these mosquito larvae.
Medicinal plants possess natural compounds that can be used as an alternative for synthetic medicines that may cause long-term side effects on patients such as neurocognitive effects, muscular and ...hepatic toxicity. Metabolic Syndrome is associated with increased risk of several diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, dyslipidemia, and hypertension thus, becoming the greatest challenge as a growing public health concern worldwide. Latin-American countries possess a wide diversity of medicinal plants that have been used to treat different health conditions since pre-Hispanic times.
spp. has been studied due to their beneficial properties mainly to treat diabetes, dyslipidemia, blood pressure, and digestive problems. This review gives an update mainly on the pharmacological activities of the
spp., summarizing the biological activities and plausible mechanism of action of their bioactive components toward metabolic syndrome. For instance, flavonoids and tannins proved to increase the levels of HDL and reduced the levels of VLDL, LDL. On the other hand, phenolic acids improved glucose metabolism through the inhibition of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and glucose 6-phosphatase (G6Pase) and reestablished the impaired activity of enzymes related to glucose oxidation and glycogen synthesis. The terpenes and sesquiterpenes like β-farnese, β-pinene, and calamenene exhibited a protective effect by reducing the oxidizing damage by the regulation of the Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). Saponins controlled the dyslipidemia by reducing the serum concentrations of lipids, triglycerides and total cholesterol. Finally, the aerial parts of
had the capacity of inhibiting dietary carbohydrate digestive enzymes, thus controlling glucose levels. The
plant is normally consumed as an infusion to obtain the benefits of the plants, however novel technologies such as cavitation, ultrasound assisted, microwave assisted, and supercritical fluid have been applied to improve the extraction yields and selectivity of bioactive compounds. The common treatment to control diabetic dyslipidemia are synthetic medicines such as metformin and ezetimibe, which allows the regulation of glucose, cholesterol and insulin resistance. However, patients that take these medications may present side effects such as muscular toxicity, hepatic toxicity, neurocognitive effects, just to name a few. More studies regarding the efficacy and safety of the use of traditional medicinal herbs are required. However, these materials may be used in the treatment of diabetes related conditions to ensure life quality and reduce side effects among the diabetic population.
Food by-products have been used as source of bioactive compounds with health benefits. Supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) extraction has been a valuable technology to obtain a diversity of ...bioactive compounds with the use of safer solvents. This research focused on the comparison of the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antihyperglycemic activities of SC-CO2 and conventional extracts obtained from black bean by-products. A Box-Behnken design was used to evaluate the effect of temperature, pressure, and co-solvent on the soyasaponins recovery. Total phenolic compounds (TPC) were quantified using Folin-Ciocalteu. Cellular antioxidant activity (CAA) and anti-inflammatory response via nitric oxide (NO) assay were evaluated in vitro. The antihyperglycemic activity was evaluated using digestive enzymes. The highest soyasaponin extraction yield was obtained at 70 °C, 10 MPa and 10% co-solvent. SC-CO2 extracts exhibited up to 74.7% of CAA, an inhibition of 93.0% NO, 25.1% α-amylase, 78.7% α-glucosidase and 82.33 ± 5.80 of TPC. SC-CO2 extraction resulted in a feasible technology to obtain high-value compounds from industrial by-products to treat hyperglycemic, oxidative stress and inflammation.
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•SC-CO2 mixed with co-solvent is a feasible technique to obtain rich soyasaponins extracts from black bean by-products.•Recovery of Ba (V) and αg soyasaponins from black bean by-product extracts is favored at 70°C, 10 MPa and 10% co-solvent.•Extraction at 55 °C, 10 MPa and 5% co-solvent showed the highest extraction selectivity of Ba (V) and αg soyasaponins.•SC-CO2 with co-solvent is a feasible technique to obtain extracts with a higher content of TPC from black bean by-products.•The antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antihyperglycemic activities were correlated with soyasaponin Ba (V), αg and TPC.
Millions of people worldwide are affected by neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). NDs are characterized by progressive damage and death of nerve cells accompanied by high levels of inflammatory ...biomarkers and oxidative stress conditions. Punicic acid, the main bioactive component of pomegranate (
) seed oil, is an omega-5 isomer of conjugated α-linoleic acid that has shown strong anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects that contributes towards its positive effect against a wide arrange of diseases. Punicic acid decreases oxidative damage and inflammation by increasing the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. In addition, it can reduce beta-amyloid deposits formation and tau hyperphosphorylation by increasing the expression of GLUT4 protein and the inhibition of calpain hyperactivation. Microencapsulated pomegranate, with high levels of punicic acid, increases antioxidant PON1 activity in HDL. Likewise, encapsulated pomegranate formulations with high levels of punicic acid have shown an increase in the antioxidant PON1 activity in HDL. Because of the limited brain permeability of punicic acid, diverse delivery formulations have been developed to enhance the biological activity of punicic acid in the brain, diminishing neurological disorders symptoms. Punicic acid is an important nutraceutical compound in the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's disease.
The study investigated Chenopodium berlandieri to analyze its oleanolic acid (OA) content. Response surface methodology with central composite design was used to improve saponin extraction, varying ...temperature, ethanol, and sample-to-solvent ratio. Best conditions (65 °C, 50% ethanol, 1:10 ratio) yielded 53.45 ± 0.63 mg/g of extract from Huauzontle seeds. Temperature linearly impacted extract yield, while temperature and ethanol influenced total saponin content. Hydrolyzing saponin-rich extracts produced OA-rich extracts. Characterization via HPLC-ELSD and LC-MS identified OA4 as the most concentrated OA saponin (5.54 ± 0.16 mg/g). OA alone reached 2.02 ± 0.12 mg/g. Acid hydrolysis increased OA content by up to 3.27×, highlighting the potential of hydrolyzed Huauzontle extracts as a natural ingredient for various industries due to enhanced OA content.
•Identified twelve triterpenoid saponins in Chenopodium berlandieri.•Successfully optimized extract and saponin yields using CCD and RSM.•Oleanolic acid saponins demonstrated the highest concentration in the extract.•Acid hydrolysis increased Oleanolic acid concentration by up to 3.27 times.
Black bean hulls (BBH) are rich in phenolic compounds, such as anthocyanins, which can be incorporated into common staple foods such as maize tostadas, enhancing the nutraceutical properties of these ...products. This study incorporates black bean hulls to produce nixtamalized maize tostadas with nutraceutical properties. Nixtamalized corn flour (NCF) and black bean hulls (BBH) were characterized in terms of protein, fat, crude and dietary fiber, anthocyanin concentration, and different starch fractions. NCF and BBH depicted 53.7 and 16.8% of total digestible starch (TDS), respectively, and 1.2 and 7.6% of resistant starch (RS), in the same order. BBH was incorporated into nixtamalized flour at 10, 15, and 20%
/
, and the resulting dough was thermo-mechanically characterized. Tostadas with BBH had higher protein, dietary fiber, and anthocyanin concentrations. Enriched tostadas did not show significant changes in texture or other sensory characteristics. However, a reduction in total digestible starch (61.97 up to 59.07%), an increase in resistant starch (0.46 to 2.3% from control tostadas to 20% BBH tostadas), and a reduction in the predicted glycemic index (52 to 49), among other parameters, indicated that BBH is a suitable alternative for developing nutraceutical food products.
The aim of this study was to explore the effect of capsaicin and particular phenolic compounds profile from cellulase assisted extracts of Habanero (
Capsicum chinense
) chili pepper seeds (CPS) on ...the concentration of cytokines (IL-2, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β) in murine macrophages (RAW 264.7) stimulated with lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Capsaicin was quantified by HPLC–DAD, and the phenolic profile was determined by UPLC-MS-QqQ. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by Mouse Cytokine/Chemokine Magnetic Bead Panel 96-well plate assay. Among the 15 different phenolics found in CPS extracts obtained at 120 or 150 min of maceration with 2,500 UI/L at 30 ºC or 45 ºC in a 1:15 (w:v) proportion, the most abundant was vanillic acid (7.97–12.66
µ
g/g). The extract obtained at 30 ºC and 120 min, showed similar effects than the observed for synthetic anti-inflammatory drugs indomethacin and dexamethasone, and capsaicin standard. Beyond capsaicin, salicylic, protocatechuic and
trans
-cinnamic acids as well as vanillin in CPS extracts were correlated with the anti-inflammatory effect. On the other hand, capsaicin and chlorogenic acid contents were potential immunostimulants whose concentration varied depending on the cellulase treatment time.
•Liquid egg-yolk is an alternative ingredient for EPN production in monoxenic liquid culture.•The IJ yield production is doubled by adding liquid egg-yolk to the culture medium.•In vitro cultured ...Steinernema carpocapsae JAP1 maintain his virulence against Galleria mellonella.
Dehydrated egg yolk is usually incorporated as a powder into the liquid medium to supply protein for entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) culture. This study aimed to evaluate the yield production of Steinernema carpocapsae strain JAP1 cultured in 10 mL of the P2 medium with fresh liquid egg-yolk (P2-LEY) and powdered egg-yolk (P2-PEY) into orbitally shaken bottles at 130 rpm and 28 °C for 16 days. The nematode inoculum was transferred from the surface layer of a solid culture with 21.5 % of infective juveniles (IJs), to achieve an initial concentration of 2000 ± 200 IJs·mL−1. Using P2-LEY, the maximum concentration was improved to 265 000 nematodes·mL−1 with 60% of the population in the IJ stage. In addition, the mortality of Galleria mellonella due to confrontation with these juveniles was 61%, which shows a non-statistical difference with the virulence of IJs in vivo reared in host insects. We concluded that LEY is a suitable component for the liquid culture mass production of nematodes. These results are discussed in light of information on the nutritional differences between LEY and PEY and their emulsifier attributes.
Assessing three industrially produced fungi for the bioremediation of diclofenac Blanco-Orta, María Fernanda; García-de la Cruz, Ramón Fernando; Paz-Maldonado, Luz María Teresita ...
Journal of environmental science and health. Part A, Toxic/hazardous substances & environmental engineering,
2023, Letnik:
58, Številka:
7
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Diclofenac is an emerging pollutant: toxic, persistent, and bioaccumulative, present in several environmental niches in a concentration of parts per million. This pharmaceutical's biological removal ...was reported with various fungal species, showing promissory results. This work aimed at diclofenac removal by individually challenging the fungal species Pleurotus ostreatus, Aspergillus niger, and Penicillium roquefortii but triying to lower the biosorption nature of cell walls by NaCl addition. P. ostreatus removed 100% of the initial diclofenac concentration, whereas A. niger and P. roqueforti removed 74% and 32%, respectively. In all three cases, biosorption by polar interactions was negligible. We demonstrated that stressful environments, such as mineral media, force the fungus to take advantage of its metabolic tools to survive, hence showing higher removal capacity when limiting growth conditions. Bioremediation is an excellent alternative to give residual fungal biomass a secondary use.
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