Objective
The objective of this study was to determine and compare the distribution of fimA genotypes of Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients ...compared with control subjects.
Material and methods
This observational cross-sectional study included 281 patients divided into two groups. Group 1 (G1) consisted of 162 control subjects (30–54 years old) and, group 2 (G2) included 119 subjects (10–69 years old) diagnosed with SLE. The presence of P. gingivalis was detected by PCR. DNA sequences in acquired plaque samples were identified using P. gingivalis specific sequences and further analyzed to differentiate their fimA genotypes using six sets of fimA genotype-specific primers.
Results
The presence of periodontitis (PE) was similar in both groups; similar measurements were obtained regarding clinical attachment loss (CAL) (G1 1.76 ± 0.72 vs. G2 1.95 ± 0.76). G2 showed the highest frequency of P. gingivalis (94.95%). FimA genotype II is considered the most virulent and, was the most frequently found in the SLE group (53.09%).
Conclusion
The genotypes associated with PE are more frequently detected in SLE, which could make them susceptible to develop PE.
Filifactor alocis and Dialister pneumosintes have been associated with the initiation and progression of periodontitis (PE). We determined and compared the frequency of both bacteria in patients with ...PE, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and PE/RA simultaneously. Detection was performed by polymerase chain reaction in the subgingival biofilm. Bacteria were more frequent in patients with PE, and clinical periodontal parameters such as pocket depth (PD) and clinical attachment loss (CAL) were significantly higher in patients with PE/RA. F. alocis and D. pneumosintes could influence PD and CAL, hence participating in the initiation and progression of PE in patients with RA.
Th17/Treg cells and P. gingivalis have been implicated in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and periodontitis (PE). The aim was to determine and compare Th17/Treg cells and the influence of P. gingivalis on ...this cell population in healthy subjects (HS) and patients with PE, RA, and PE/RA. The number of copies of P. gingivalis was performed by real-time PCR and flow cytometry was used to analyze Th17/Treg cells. In this study, PE in patients with RA increased the number of DNA copies of P. gingivalis, increasing the percentages of Th17 cells, as well as the number and regulation of Treg cells. Periodontitis influences the immune system, increasing the percentage of pro-inflammatory cells in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, which may could influence the inflammatory condition of this population.
Background and Objectives: Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) is the main microorganism associated with the presence of dental caries and specific serotypes of this bacteria have been related to ...several systemic diseases limiting general health. In orthodontics, white spot lesions (WSL), represent a great challenge for clinicians due to the great fluctuation of their prevalence and incidence during conventional orthodontic treatments. Although silver nanoparticles (AgNP) have been demonstrated to have great antimicrobial properties in several microorganisms, including S. mutans bacteria, there is no available information about anti adherence and antimicrobial properties of AgNP exposed to two of the most relevant serotypes of S. mutans adhered on orthodontic materials used for conventional therapeutics. The objective of this study was to determine anti-adherence and antimicrobial levels of AgNP against serotypes c and k of S. mutans on conventional orthodontic appliances. Materials and Methods: An AgNP solution was prepared and characterized using dispersion light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Antimicrobial and anti-adherence activities of AgNP were determined using minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and bacterial adherence testing against serotypes c and k of S. mutans clinically isolated and confirmed by PCR assay. Results: The prepared AgNP had spherical shapes with a good size distribution (29.3 ± 0.7 nm) with negative and well-defined electrical charges (−36.5 ± 5.7 mV). AgNP had good bacterial growth (55.7 ± 19.3 µg/mL for serotype c, and 111.4 ± 38.6 µg/mL for serotype k) and adherence inhibitions for all bacterial strains and orthodontic wires (p < 0.05). The serotype k showed statistically the highest microbial adherence (p < 0.05). The SS wires promoted more bacterial adhesion (149.0 ± 253.6 UFC/mL × 104) than CuNiTi (3.3 ± 6.0 UFC/mL × 104) and NiTi (101.1 ± 108.5 UFC/mL × 104) arches. SEM analysis suggests CuNiTi wires demonstrated better topographical conditions for bacterial adherence while AFM evaluation determined cell wall irregularities in bacterial cells exposed to AgNP. Conclusions: This study suggests the widespread use of AgNP as a potential anti-adherent and antimicrobial agent for the prevention of WSL during conventional orthodontic therapies and, collaterally, other systemic diseases.
Periodontal disease (PD) is a multifactorial oral disease regularly caused by bacterial biofilms. Silver nanoparticles (AgNP) have offered good antimicrobial activity; moreover, there is no available ...scientific information related to their antimicrobial effects in biofilms from patients with PD. This study reports the bactericidal activity of AgNP against oral biofilms related to PD.
AgNP of two average particle sizes were prepared and characterized. Sixty biofilms were collected from patients with (30 subjects) and without PD (30 subjects). Minimal inhibitory concentrations of AgNP were calculated and the distribution of bacterial species was defined by polymerase chain reaction.
Well-dispersed sizes of AgNP were obtained (5.4 ± 1.3 and 17.5 ± 3.4 nm) with an adequate electrical stability (-38.2 ± 5.8 and -32.6 ± 5.4 mV, respectively). AgNP showed antimicrobial activities for all oral samples; however, the smaller AgNP had significantly the most increased bactericidal effects (71.7 ± 39.1 µg/mL). The most resistant bacteria were found in biofilms from PD subjects (
< 0.05).
and
.
were present in all PD biofilms (100%).
The AgNP showed efficient bactericidal properties as an alternative therapy for the control or progression of PD.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of non-surgical periodontal treatment (NS-PT) on periodontal parameters and inflammatory biomarkers in the concentration and level of calprotectin ...(CLP) in women with periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In this quasi-experimental study, we evaluated 30 women (mean age: 52.0 ± 5.8 years) with periodontitis and RA who had been diagnosed and treated for RA for more than 3 years and whose activity markers remained at similar values without significant reduction over three consecutive months. Patients underwent NS-PT, which included plaque control, scaling, and root planing. Serum and saliva samples, periodontal indices, RA activity markers, Disease Activity Score-28 (DAS28), the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and the C-reactive protein (CRP) and CLP contents were measured at the beginning of the study and 6 and 12 weeks after NS-PT. Parametric and nonparametric tests were used in the analysis. The mean age was 52.0 ± 5.8 years. Compared to the baseline results, all periodontal indices were significantly reduced 6 and 12 weeks after NS-PT (
< 0.001). DAS28 was also significantly reduced after 12 weeks (
< 0.0001). Similarly, the serum CLP concentration decreased 6 and 12 weeks after NS-PT (
< 0.0001). Of the patients, 100% presented lower levels of CRP and ESR (
< 0.0001). Overall, NS-PT reduced inflammation and disease activity, highlighting the importance of oral health in the control and treatment of systemic diseases such as RA and confirming that NS-PT effectively reduces periodontitis activity and plays a key role in modulating RA activity. Therefore, NS-PT should be considered as an adjunct treatment for RA.
Microbial resistance represents a challenge for the scientific community to develop new bioactive compounds. The goal of this research was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of silver ...nanoparticles (AgNPs) against a clinical isolate of Streptococcus mutans, antibiofilm activity against mature S. mutans biofilms and the compatibility with human fibroblasts. The antimicrobial activity of AgNPs against the planktonic clinical isolate was size and concentration dependent, with smaller AgNPs having a lower minimum inhibitory concentration. A reduction of 2.3 log in the number of colony-forming units of S. mutans was observed when biofilms grown in a CDC reactor were exposed to 100ppm of AgNPs of 9.5±1.1nm. However, AgNPs at high concentrations (>10ppm) showed a cytotoxic effect upon human dermal fibroblasts. AgNPs effectively inhibited the growth of a planktonic S. mutans clinical isolate and killed established S. mutans biofilms, which suggests that AgNPs could be used for prevention and treatment of dental caries. Further research and development are necessary to translate this technology into therapeutic and preventive strategies.
•Biological activities of silver nanoparticles for dental caries purposes•Antimicrobial activity of AgNPs on planktonic cell was size and concentration dependent.•Reduction in the S. mutans biofilm formation was statistically significant.•AgNPs at high concentrations showed a cytotoxic effect upon human dermal fibroblasts.•AgNPs could be used for prevention and treatment of dental caries.
Background: Motor and intellectual disabilities (MIDs) represent a great challenge for maintaining general health due to physical and cognitive limitations, particularly in the maintenance and ...preservation of oral health. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have emerged as a promising therapeutic tool for bacterial control, including oral biofilms; however, knowledge of the bactericidal effectiveness of oral biofilms from patients with MIDs is insufficient. This study aims to determine the antimicrobial effect of AgNPs on different oral biofilms taken from patients with and without MIDs. Methods: Two sizes of AgNPs were prepared and characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Through consecutive sampling, biofilm samples were collected from 17 subjects with MIDs and 20 subjects without disorders. The antimicrobial effect was determined by obtaining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of AgNPs, and the identification and distribution of oral bacterial species were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Finally, correlations between sociodemographic characteristics and the antimicrobial levels of AgNPs were also explored. The values of the MIC results were analyzed with IBM-SPSS software (version25) using non-parametric tests for independent groups and correlations, with statistical significance being considered as p < 0.05. Results: Both sizes of AgNPs exhibited tight particle size distributions (smaller: 10.2 ± 0.7 nm; larger: 29.3 ± 2.3 nm) with zeta potential values (−35.0 ± 3.3 and −52.6 ± 8.5 mV, respectively) confirming the stability that resulted in little to no agglomeration of nanoparticles. Although both sizes of AgNPs had good antimicrobial activity in all oral biofilms, the smallest particles had the best antimicrobial effects on the oral biofilm samples from patients with and without MIDs, even better than chlorhexidine (CHX) (p < 0.05). Likewise, the patients with disabilities showed higher levels of antimicrobial sensitivity to AgNPs compared with CHX (p < 0.05). Although the microorganisms included in the biofilms of females had a statistically higher growth level, the AgNP antimicrobial effect was statistically similar in both genders (p > 0.05). The most frequent bacteria for all oral biofilms were S. mutans (100%), P. intermedia (91.6%), T. forsythia (75.0%), T. denticola (75.0%), P. gingivalis (66.6%), F. nucleatum (66.6%), S. sobrinus (50.0%), and A. actinomycetemcomitans (8.3%). Conclusions: AgNPs exhibited considerable antimicrobial potential to be used as a complementary and alternative tool in maintaining and preserving oral health in patients with MIDs.
To identify the prevalence of
C. albicans
in primary endodontic infections of type two diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients and compare their clinical and radiographical characteristics with a ...non-diabetic control group, establishing the possible relationship between primary endodontic infection, T2DM, and
C. albicans
, since diabetes mellitus (DM), influences the development, course, and response to the treatment of apical periodontitis, but the presence of
Candida albicans
(
C. albicans
) has not been considered before. A total of 120 patients were selected and divided into two groups: 60 T2DM diagnosed patients and 60 non-diabetic controls. A clinical examination and radiographic analysis were performed to establish a periapical index score (PAI). Root canal samples were taken. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was extracted, and specific primers were used to identify
C. albicans
by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
.
A twofold increase in the prevalence of
C. albicans
in T2DM patients was observed in contrast to control patients (
p
= 0.0251). Sixty-five percent of T2DM patients with positive
C. albicans
scored a ≥ 3 PAI, while only 27% of the patients without
C. albicans
had a ≥ 3 PAI score (
p
= 0.0065). Long-term DM patients presented
C. albicans
more frequently (
p
< 0.0001). In this study, long-term T2DM patients carried
C. albicans
in their root canals more frequently when having a primary endodontic infection. Furthermore, this
C. albicans
presence seems to be related to a higher frequency of apical periodontitis.
(1) Background:
(
) is the principal pathogen involved in the formation of dental caries. Other systemic diseases have also been associated with specific
serotypes (
,
,
, and
). Silver nanoparticles ...(SNP) have been demonstrated to have good antibacterial effects against
; therefore, limited studies have evaluated the antimicrobial activity of biofunctionalized SNP on
serotypes. The purpose of this work was to prepare and characterize coated SNP using two different organic components and to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of SNP in clinical isolates of
strains and serotypes; (2) Methods: SNP with bovine serum albumin (BSA) or chitosan (CS) coatings were prepared and the physical, chemical and microbiological properties of SNP were evaluated; (3) Results: Both types of coated SNP showed antimicrobial activity against
bacteria and serotypes. Better inhibition was associated with smaller particles and BSA coatings; however, no significant differences were found between the different serotypes, indicating a similar sensitivity to the coated SNP; (4) Conclusion: This study concludes that BSA and CS coated SNP had good antimicrobial activity against
strains and the four serotypes, and this study suggest the widespread use of SNP as an antimicrobial agent for the inhibition of
bacteria.
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